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Biomedical subjects

K Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to K Fujiwara.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Enhancement of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury by glucagon and insulin treatment.

Rats given a dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) immediately received injections of glucagon and insulin every 4 h. They frequently died after 4 h and showed a significantly higher mortality between 8 h and 28 h as compared to the control rats where such deaths occurred 16 h later. At 8 h, the derangements of SGPT values and prothrombin time were significantly greater in the hormone-treated rats than in the control rats. In these CCl4-intoxicated rats, hepatic reduced glutathione content at 4 h was significantly reduced after hormone treatment. The treatment significantly enhanced CCl4 metabolism, conversion of 14CCl4 into 14CO2 in vitro, by microsomes isolated from the liver, whereas it did not affect the microsomal cytochrome P450 content. These results suggest that glucagon and insulin treatment increased CCl4 hepatotoxicity in rats through activating the cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenase system. This would merit consideration for the clinical application of this treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Antithrombin III concentrate in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure.

Twenty-six patients with fulminant hepatic failure were treated with daily infusions of antithrombin III concentrate until recovery of consciousness or death. Seven patients were alive (group A), 7 survived 17 to 47 days after treatment (group B), and 12 died within 9 days (group C). Decreased plasma antithrombin III levels increased on the day after treatment, irrespective of the pretreatment levels in all patients. Continuous or temporary normalization was seen in all patients in groups A and B, but in only 5 in group C patients whose bleeding was extensive (p less than 0.05). An abrupt drop in peripheral platelet counts occurred when plasma antithrombin III levels were below normal. General bleeding accompanied this drop. These results suggest that maintained normal plasma antithrombin III levels are beneficial for prolonged survival time in fulminant hepatic failure, probably through controlling intravascular coagulation, and that antithrombin III infusion may be useful for such treatment.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1988

Successful surgical repair of truncus arteriosus with interrupted aortic arch in infancy by an anterior approach.

A 98-day-old infant was successfully operated on for truncus arteriosus (type I) with interrupted aortic arch (type B) using a one-stage anterior approach. The interrupted aortic arch was reconstructed by direct anastomosis between the ascending and descending aorta. The ventricular septal defect was closed, and a 12-mm porcine valved conduit was placed on the right side of the ascending aorta to establish continuity between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Surgical procedures for the repair of this malformation are the focus of discussion.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1988

Brain energy metabolism in two kinds of total asphyxia: an in vivo phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study.

Brain energy metabolism was studied in vivo by means of 31P-NMR spectroscopy in newborn mice during and after 20-minutes exposure to either pure carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen gas. In the N2 group, the brain ATP concentration remained almost normal throughout the experiment, while it showed a 30% reduction in the CO2 group. The brain concentration of phosphocreatine dropped to about 20% of the control value during the asphyxia in both groups, and its recovery was significantly delayed in the CO2 group compared to in the N2 group. Tissue acidosis and Pi accumulation were more remarkable and prolonged in the CO2 group.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Compensatory route of spermidine acetylation and oxidation can supply sufficient putrescine for hepatic DNA synthesis at an early stage after partial hepatectomy in diaminopropane-treated rats.

Hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity in rats increased 2 h after partial hepatectomy, showing two peaks at 4 and 10 h. When the rats received 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) from 0 to 4 h or from 6 to 10 h, this increase was suppressed at 6 or 12 h, respectively, whereas hepatic spermidine N1-acetyltransferase activity was enhanced by DAP administration at 6 as well as 12 h, though the levels at 12 h were one-fifth of those at 6 h. An increase in hepatic DNA synthesis at 22 h did not occur in the rats given DAP from 6 to 10 h. It recovered after administration of putrescine, but not that of spermidine. In contrast, such an inhibition was not seen in the rats given DAP from 0 to 4 h; it occurred when quinacrine, a polyamine oxidase inhibitor, was concomitantly dosed, and disappeared with further addition of putrescine. Hepatic DNA synthesis changed in close association with hepatic putrescine content irrespective of spermidine and spermine contents in these rats. Putrescine may be essential for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and can be produced in sufficient quantity to support hepatic DNA synthesis by the compensatory route of spermidine acetylation and oxidation when ornithine decarboxylase activity is suppressed at an early stage.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1988

Myelopathy hand characterized by muscle wasting. A different type of myelopathy hand in patients with cervical spondylosis.

While the authors have often observed the hand presenting spastic dysfunction and deficient pain sensation in patients with cervical compression myelopathy, which has been termed "Myelopathy hand," they have occasionally seen a different type of myelopathy hand characterized by muscle wasting and motor dysfunction in patients with cervical spondylosis. This type of myelopathy hand they have termed "amyotrophic type of myelopathy hand." Because it is similar to the hand of a patient suffering from motor neuron disease, and yet is treatable, the authors thought it worthwhile to report this type of hand in detail. The main clinical features are localized wasting and weakness of the extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles, but not accompanied by either sensory loss or spastic quadriparesis. For an accurate diagnosis, attention should be paid to the narrow anteroposterior (AP) canal diameter of the cervical spine (less than 13mm), multisegmental spondylosis in C5-6 and C6-7 disc levels and a reduced transectional area of the spinal cord at the C7, C8, or T1 spinal cord segments. To date the authors have seen 15 patients with this hand; seven underwent either spondylectomy or laminoplasty. In six patients who were satisfied with surgical results, recovery from muscle wasting and weakness was seen.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1988

Prosthetic replacement surgery for cervical spine metastasis.

Since 1972, 18 patients suffering from metastatic cancer in the cervical spine were treated with prosthetic replacement surgery. The surgery enabled the authors to decompress the spinal cord and the nerve roots and at the same time restore stability in the affected spine. Patients suffering from severe pain and spinal cord and/or nerve root compression secondary to involvement of a single vertebral body particularly benefited from this surgery. The rates of positive recovery were as follows: 94.1% for pain relief, 91.7% for motor recovery, and 87.5% for ambulation. The surgical efficacy was maintained until the terminal stage. Tumor recurrence took place in five cases--two anterior, and three posterior. Anterior recurrence caused a marked instability, whereas posterior recurrence did not affect stability.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1988

Morphometry of the cervical spinal cord and its relation to pathology in cases with compression myelopathy.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not computerized tomography myelography (CTM) gave an actual size and shape of the cervical spinal cord, and whether such dimensions reflected pathology of the spinal cord in cases suffering from compression myelopathy. Spinal cord transverse area and compression ratio (sagittal diameter divided by transverse diameter) were measured as indicators of spinal cord morphology. As a basis for this study, we first performed CTM of cadaveric cervical columns and compared the actual dimensions of the spinal cord of the cadaveric specimens with the CTM image. Second, the correlations between these dimensions and pathology of the affected spinal cord were investigated. The results showed that CTM provided a precise image of the actual cross-section of the spinal cord. In 12 cadaveric specimens of cervical myelopathy examined, the transverse area and compression ratio were in good correlation with the severity of observed pathological changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Depression of T cell-mediated immunity and enhancement of autoantibody production by natural infection with microorganisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

We studied the effects of breeding conditions on the development of immunological abnormalities in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with congenital T cell depression. The depression of T cell functions, the production of natural thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA), and the development of polyarteritis nodosa were more evident in SHR reared under a conventional (CV) environment than in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) SHR bred in a semi-barrier system. Enhancement of these immunologic abnormalities was also observed by the conventionalization of SPF-SHR. A high frequency of antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Sendai virus, and Mycoplasma pulmonis was detected in CV rat sera, whereas no antibodies were detected in SPF-SHR. The experimental infection of Sendai virus induced the enhancement of T cell depression and of NTA production in SPF-SHR. We interpret these results to mean that the natural infection of microorganisms causes an acceleration of immunologic abnormalities in SHR reared in a CV environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A comparative epidemiologic study on geographic distributions of cancers of the lung and the large intestine in Japan.

To examine what kinds of factors could have caused the geographic variation observed in lung cancer morbidity in Japan, a correlation study was performed comparing various regional traits. The same study was also conducted on large intestinal cancer, aiming to distinguish the possible urban factors associated with both cancers. Lung cancer was highly correlated with industrialization-related factors such as localization of manufacturing industries, automobile traffic and air pollution, whereas colon cancer was correlated with the population density of workers in the tertiary industries such as services, trade and government. A multiple regression analysis could not detect any single factor with an exceptionally strong influence on either cancer. The present findings suggest that the hazardous environmental condition of urban areas has, to some extent, contributed to the recent increase of lung cancer cases in this country.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Preventive effect of 3-aminobenzamide on the reduction of NAD levels in rat liver following administration of diethylnitrosamine.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is utilized as the substrate of a chromatin-bound enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The effects of diethylnitrosamine and/or 3-aminobenzamide, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, on the cellular NAD levels in rat liver were investigated. 3-Aminobenzamide (600 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally was not detectable in the liver within 12 hr after administration; the inhibitor had a calculated half life of 90 min. Diethylnitrosamine reduced the NAD levels in rat liver in a dose-dependent way. The NAD content reached a minimum level at 8 hr, returning to 78% of the control value after 48 hr. The reduction of the NAD levels caused by diethylnitrosamine was completely prevented when 3-aminobenzamide was administered either simultaneously with diethylnitrosamine or 4 hr after diethylnitrosamine treatment. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical study showed that nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) decreased 1 hr after the administration of 3-aminobenzamide. These results suggest that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in the initiation of liver carcinogenesis by diethylnitrosamine and 3-aminobenzamide.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Exchange blood transfusion for acute hepatic failure: its limited availability depending on the type of injury in rats.

The efficacy of exchange blood transfusion for acute hepatic failure was evaluated using rats. Rats receiving a dose of carbon tetrachloride died later than 24 h after dosing. When their blood was replaced with blood from normal rats at 24 h, survival time was prolonged, and hepatic protein synthesis was enhanced at 36 h with improved prothrombin time (PT). Those rats surviving 120 h showed better histological grade of recovery from injury after treatment. In contrast, dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-intoxicated rats showed no such improvement in survival time or PT. In rats given a nonfatal dose of carbon tetrachloride, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase values were five times higher than those in rats given DMN despite similar maximal PT. The benefit of exchange transfusion for acute hepatic failure may differ depending on the mechanism of development in rats. Enhanced hepatic protein synthesis may contribute to its effect.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Intravascular coagulation in acute liver failure in rats and its treatment with antithrombin III.

Liver damage was induced in rats by injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Fibrin clots were observed in the hepatic sinusoids at 12 hours and soluble fibrin monomer complexes were markedly detected at 24 hours only in the rats given DMN. When antithrombin III concentrate was infused at 12 hours there was a dose dependent improvement of the values of serum total bilirubin, SGPT, prothrombin time, peripheral platelet count, and plasma fibrinogen and coagulation factor VIIIC and of the histological degree of liver injury at 24 hours in the DMN group. The CCl4-group showed no such improvement. Intravascular coagulation may complicate the course of certain types of acute liver injury and contribute to its aggravation in rats. Under such circumstances, treatment with antithrombin III concentrate would be beneficial.

Animals↗