An introduction to B-scan ultrasonography. For the primary care physician.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Haber.
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In a significant number of patients with blunt abdominal trauma, the diagnosis of ruptured spleen is not readily apparent. Is is in these cases that echographic evaluation appears to aid significantly in diagnosis. Seventy patients with blunt abdominal trauma were studied by echography. Results indicated 61 true negative cases, 1 false negative, 4 true positives, and 4 false positives. Criteria for splenic rutures are set forth. Ultrasound is considered to be an excellent screening procedure for suspected splenic rupture.
For consistent identification of the normal pancreas, preliminary longitudinal scanning at, or near, the mid-line and subsequent oblique scanning in the long axis are necessary prerequisites in delineating the anatomic outline of the pancreas. The range of normal measurements for different anatomical regions of the pancreas was determined, based on the dimensional examinations of this organ in 328 patients free of pancreatic disease. These provide objective guidelines for analysis of the pancreas in abdominal echography. Echography provides a rapid, non-invasive method of imaging the pancreas. This study demonstrated that visualization of the pancreas as a separate structure does not imply that it is consequently abnormal.
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A case of adrenal hemorrhage of the newborn, diagnosed by ultrasound, is presented. All other diagnostic modalities were found to be non-specific. Ultrasonic evaluation is recommended in the evaluation of pediatric abdominal masses. This is a safe, non-invasive, rapid and easily performed study. It is felt that the use of diagnostic ultrasound in evaluating neonates for adrenal hemorrhage wil obviate the necessity of more invasive procedures, such as exploratory laparotomy.
Movement of the diaphragm can be evaluated with diagnostic ultrasound using B- and M-mode techniques. Ultrasonic scanning is a highly sensitive method of demonstrating generalized or localized abnormalities of diaphragmatic motion and is superior to fluoroscopy in several respects. There is no exposure to ionizing radiations, and a permanent record of the excursion of the diaphragmatic surface is obtained. This method has the additional advantage of providing a two-dimensional display of the upper abdominal quadrant, which may reveal the nature of the underlying disease process.
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Hepatomegaly was discovered on a routine physical examination of a 34-year-old, asymptomatic Mexican-American female. She was referred for a sonogram and a liver-spleen scan. Oral cholecystography was also requested.