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Biomedical subjects

K Hartmann

Publications and source records attributed to K Hartmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Spontaneous reporting system for the assessment of new, unknown and rare undesirable effects of drugs].

The Swiss Drug Monitoring Center SANZ operates the spontaneous reporting system in Switzerland. Spontaneous reporting schemes represent the systematic approach to the collection of individual case reports on suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR). ADR spontaneous reporting systems are an important component of the postmarketing surveillance of drugs. Spontaneous reporting systems are primarily designed to detect new and unexpected ADR; they generate signals about possible ADR and create hypotheses to be tested in pharmaco-epidemiological studies. Besides collecting, analyzing and evaluating single case reports it is important to extract those cases from the data pool which can be used to produce signals. A computer-assisted early warning system enables SANZ to detect cases with signal function and thus to track down new, rare and unexpected ADR. Carefully selected parameters can help to identify important new hazards. However, the detection of new and unexpected ADR depends to a large extent on the minds of alert physicians and the practicing clinician's awareness of and cooperation with ADR reporting.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1992

Use of two virustatica (AZT, PMEA) in the treatment of FIV and of FeLV seropositive cats with clinical symptoms.

In the present study the therapeutic efficacy and the side effects of two antiretroviral compounds used in human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine, Retrovir) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), were investigated in the treatment of cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and cats naturally infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). AZT was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 5 mg kg-1 body weight every 12 h and PMEA was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 body weight every 12 h during a 3 week hospitalization. The therapeutic efficacy of both compounds was investigated. There was a stronger potency of PMEA than of AZT on the regression of stomatitis in FIV and in FeLV infected cats. In addition, in FIV infection PMEA had a stronger effect on the improvement of the general clinical status. Both antiretroviral compounds were potent agents to improve the immunologic status of FIV infected cats by raising the CD4/CD8 ratio. In FeLV infection PMEA and AZT appeared to reduce antigenemia. The hematological side effects caused by PMEA were severe and stronger than those of AZT. Therefore the advantage of PMEA in clinical and immunologic improvement was diminished by the hematologic disorders, which do not allow long term treatment with this drug in the dose used.

Adenine↗
PubMed1992

In vitro effect of vanadate on content, secretion and biosynthesis of insulin in isolated islets of normal Wistar rats.

In in vitro experiments the effect of (Na-ortho)vanadate (1-50 mumol/l) on content, secretion and biosynthesis of insulin was investigated in isolated islets of normal Wistar rats. Compared with controls insulin content is unchanged, but insulin secretion and biosynthesis rate are significantly reduced; secretion is significantly more reduced in the basal than in the stimulating glucose medium. Our results support the view that vanadate exhibits its influence on insulin metabolism in the beta cell already.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Decline in CD4+ cell numbers in cats with naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infection.

T-cell subsets were studied by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis in 57 feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-seropositive cats with naturally acquired FIV infection to see whether CD4(+)-CD8+ alterations were comparable to those observed in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. CD4+ values were decreased and CD8+ values were increased. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio was reduced to 1.6, compared with 3.3 in 33 FIV-seronegative control cats. Variance analysis of data showed a significant influence of FIV seropositivity, sex, and spaying of female cats on CD4+ values. CD8+ values were significantly influenced by FIV seropositivity, age, and breed. These findings indicate a similarity between FIV and human immunodeficiency virus infections, as far as alterations of T-cell subsets are concerned.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Direct measurement of immunoreactive renin during changes of posture in man.

For several years, it has been possible to determine renin by a direct RIA. In the present study, plasma active renin concentration (PRC) was related to plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone as a function of a standardized posture test. Using PRC, our target was to define the shortest necessary test duration. The three parameters were examined in 10 healthy male subjects (22-34 years old). Salt balance was determined in 24-hour urine, and plasma potassium and sodium were measured. Volunteers were hospitalized for 1 night, and at 8 a.m. the next morning they were subjected to the following postural changes: 3 h active orthostasis and 3 h recumbency. Frequent blood samples were taken. Orthostasis induced a significant rise in PRC, PRA and aldosterone already after 15 min. PRC and PRA reached a maximum level after 90 min of orthostasis and remained relatively stable, while aldosterone reached its highest level already after 30 min and then gradually decreased. Significant correlations were found between PRA and PRC (p < 0.001), between PRC and aldosterone (p < 0.001), and between PRA and aldosterone (p < 0.001). The PRC/PRA ratio changed during the course of the test, especially in supine subjects. When subjects returned to the supine position, all the parameters measured began a continual decrease. There were no significant changes in serum potassium and sodium levels throughout the duration of the test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[An infected fistula following a peridural catheter].

An infected fistula was observed in a woman (Age: 69 years, weight: 60 kg, height: 159 cm) 14 days after insertion and 8 days after removal of a peridural catheter inserted preoperatively for postoperative analgesia after nephrectomy (carcinoma). Due to haemodynamic problems in the early postoperative period no analgetic or local anaesthetic medication was applied via the peridural catheter. After unsuccessful antibiotic and surgical treatment the women was transferred to the Neurosurgical department five weeks after nephrectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar region showed a fistula (Segment L2/L3) reaching the epidural space but no epidural spreading or epidural abscess. Partial laminectomy L2/L3 was performed and the fistula excised under continuous antibiotic treatment with ofloxacin. Up until 21 months after the operation no recidivation occurred. Exact details of catheter insertion and catheter treatment in the postoperative period are not available; the fact, that no bactericide [9] local anaesthetic agents were applied, might have favoured the occurrence of this infection. Infectious complications have to be taken into consideration for the indication of peridural catheters in the perioperative period.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiology and clinical aspects of FIV infection in Bavaria].

In a comprehensive epidemiological study at the I. Medizinische Tierklinik at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich within the last two years, the spread and frequency of FIV infection as well as the clinical symptoms of FIV positive cats were evaluated. 5129 serum samples from clinically healthy and ill cats were tested by means of an ELISA test for antibodies to FIV. The infection is widespread in Bavaria. 116 cats, that is 2.3%, were tested FIV positive. 77% of the FIV positive cats were male. The average age was 6.5 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Measuring prescribing practices in a state mental hospital system.

To determine the degree to which Nebraska's three state mental hospitals complied with recognized guidelines for prescription of psychotropic medications, a study was made for 1326 drug orders issued over a five-year period. The prescribing practices in the hospital were then reviewed in relation to the guidelines in areas of polypharmacy, daily dose frequency, time of day, use of p.r.n. orders, drug form, dosages for children and the elderly, dosages during acute and stabilized stages of illness, and brand versus generic names. The study highlighted areas of progress in drug use practices and identified areas for improvement.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[T4 metabolism in age matched heavy and light rats with good and bad feed efficiency following high- or low-in-fat diet].

Rats, fed two diets (high or low in fat content), were at the and of the feeding-period separated in light and in heavy animal groups. The leaner rats from the diet group high in fat content show opposite to the heavier animals of this diet group significantly increased T4 distribution spaces, significantly shortened T4 half life time and lower feed efficiency. T4 serum values, absolute T4 degradation per day and body mass and free thyroxine index in these leaner rats also increased significantly. However comparing heavy rats feed a diet low and light rats fed a diet high in rat content the latter show also a decreased feed efficiency, but no differences in T4 serum concentration or T3 binding capacity of serum proteins, free thyroxine index and T4 degradation. The results in T4 metabolism are discussed in relation to feed efficiency of the investigated animal groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Iodoamino acid distribution and weight of the thyroid gland, T4 serum level and T4 metabolism in relation to diet, body fat content and age of rats].

Rats were rendered obese by feeding them a fatty diet (HFD, fat: 50% of weight). At the end of the experimental period the animals were divided, also the control rats, which were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, fat: 3% of weight), in light and heavy weight groups. The heavy and obese HFD groups showed, unlike the light LFD-animals, equal absolute but significantly lower relative thyroidal weights. The absolute thyroidal weights of light and heavy animal groups, which received in each case the same diet, were identical, the relative thyroidal weights of the heavy rats on the other hand decreased significantly. The iodoamino acid distribution in the thyroid of rats showed no variation in animals fed various diets and differed in body mass and fat content. The T4 serum levels of the HFD-, in comparison to the LFD-animals increased significantly. Between light and heavy animals in equal diet groups no differences were obtained for the T4 serum values. The serum T3 levels of LFD- and HFD-rats were also equal. The heavy HFD- showed in comparison to the light LFD-animals a significantly lower T4 clearance and in the higher age groups a significantly extended T4 half-life time. The HFD- and LFD-rats with approximately equal body mass and body fat content showed no differences in T4 half-life time and T4 clearance rate depending on diet. A relation between higher body fat content and increased serum T4 levels as a possible adaption to obesity in heavy HFD-rats is discussed. By the comparison of younger and older rats in the most investigated diet and weight groups the older animals showed a decreasing tendency for K and TD/100 g KM and a significant decrease in the clearance rate and in the TD for T4, related to body mass. An influence of diet, body mass or fat content on the decrease of the T4 metabolism of rats with increased age is not evident. The T4 serum levels were not different in dependence on age, but the free T4 serum level was significantly lower in the older rats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

[Methodical optimization of redioiodine uptake experiments in living rats].

The paper deals with the estimation of thyroidal uptake of 131I in living rats. The animals are fixed in a specially marked glass tube. This tube is discontinuously moved over a scintillation counter within a lead collimator. Counts of 131I are estimated segmentically. The highest counts ratio with the geometrical factor of the appropriate segment is used to calculate the thyroidal radioiodine uptake. Similar results, obtained with an 131I-source placed in various segments of the top side of glass tube, indicate that the uptake values obtained in this manner exact. Thyroidal uptake values, which were received on living rats with this method (in vivo) and compared with values obtained with the prepared and plated thyroid of the same rats (in vitro) show a very high correlation (r = 0,99; p greater than 0,001). In repeated estimations of the thyroidal 131I-uptake on one animal a variation coefficient of 1.5% (n = 13) was obtained. The advantage of this in vivo method is the possibility to determine the thyroidal activity at various times after 131I-application (2 phase test) and by repeated 131I-applications under different conditions (diet, age, for instance).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Postnatal development of the epithelium of the small intestine of guinea-pigs (author's transl)].

This investigation deals with the histochemical, biochemical and electron microscopical development of the postnatal epithelium in the small intestine of guinea-pigs. Immediately after birth the enterocytes of the whole small intestine are rich in glycogen. Within 48 hours the glycogen in broken down by intralysosomal digestion and glycogenolysis or disappears from the villus epithelium by extrusion of the absorptive cells. The first loss of glycogen occurs in the jejunum; at the latest it leaves the lining epithelium of the ileum so that a proxoim-distal gradient exists. Afterwards for maximal 14 days fat ist taken up from the mother's milk only by the enterocytes of the jejunum without any signs of endocytosis; the bigger part of the fat leaves the cells by exocytosis and enters the intercellular space. Most of the lipid reaches the lymphatics or is absorbed by marcophages; only small amounts are found in the blood capillaries. The number of the enterocytes engaged in the absorption and passage of fat depends on its quantity in the lumen of the small intestine. During the first days of life everywhere in the small intestine the ultrastructure of the enterocytes is characterized by 2 types of mitochondria (large and small ones with different internal structure). Furthermore in the ileum the absorptive cells contain more lysosomes and a more extensive inframicrovillous membrane system than in jejunum. The membrane system consists of aggregated tubules, vacuoles and vesicles; they are situated below the microvilli and sometimes communicate with the lumen of the gut. The big mitochondria are broken down in the lysosomes or appear in the lumen of the small bowel following extrusion of the enterocytes. The lysosomes are involved in autophagic (digestion of glycogen and cell organelles) as well as in autophagic processes (hydrolysis of molecules from the mother's milk and foreign food). These substances are probably incorporated by means of the inframicrovillous membrane system. With respect to the microvillous hydrolases (lactase, alpha-D-glucosidases, peptidases, alkaline phosphatase) histochemical and biochemical assays were carried out with the same artificial substrate. The results depend on the method employed and the enzyme investigated. Using histochemical techniques and indolyl, naphthly, naphthol AS or naphthylamine derivatives as substrates the activity of peptidases and alkaline phosphatase correspond to that in adult guinea-pigs already at the time of birth; alpha-D-glucosidases (glucoamylase, saccharaseisomaltase) become mature at the end of the first, and the development of lactase is finished after the second week of life. For the biochemical investigations (fluorometric measurements of naphthol and naphthylamine) of microvillous enzymes with naphthyl and naphthylamine substrates a new technique of homogenisation using freeze-dried cryostate sections is successfully employed...

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Surgical treatment of entropium senile (author's transl)].

The authors report on a modification of the entropion surgery of Celsus-Hotz which was successfully carried out in 87 patients with entropion senile from 1969 to 1976. After excision of an about 5 mm wide crescentshaped dermal tissue of the lower eyelid about 3 mm down the margin the muscle fibres of the M. orbicularis near the margin are resected. Before suturing the skin 3-6 stitches of Hotz are done to reduce the tarsus. The advantages of this technique are the safe therapeutical effect, the cosmetical effect and the easy correction of this operation in case of a failure.

Aged↗