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Biomedical subjects

K Hartmann

Publications and source records attributed to K Hartmann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Brain structure and function in sexual molesters of children and adolescents.

Sixteen men incarcerated in a state psychiatric facility pursuant to sexual molestation of children and/or adolescents were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) head scans and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) estimation. Compared with controls, child molesters were found to have thinner and less dense skulls and lower rCBF values. Variations from control values in rCBF and characteristics of CT head scans for the sex offenders suggest a role for cerebral dysfunction in the etiology of their aberrant behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Case reports in pediatric psychiatric education].

Casuistic seminars with case demonstrations, though considered an essential addition of lectures in (child-) psychiatry, sometimes provoke objections particularly amongst students of pedagogy and psychology. The article reflects upon some aspects of the conflict.

Child↗
PubMed1986

The influence of early postnatal overnutrition on peripheric thyroxine metabolism in rats.

The influence of postnatal overnutrition on thyroid metabolism in later life was studied in male rats reared in small nests (2 pups per dam). At an age of 3 months postnatally overfed rats differ from normally bred rats (12 pups per dam) by a significant higher thyroxine and lower triiodothyronine concentration in plasma. Kinetic data of thyroxine metabolism point out a lower fractional turnover rate and a lower metabolic clearance rate per 100 g body mass corresponding with a reduced 131I-uptake by the thyroid gland. A lower energy intake per metabolic mass unit and a lower energy need for maintenance in postnatally overfed rats calculated from intake and body mass development are discussed in respect of correlations between changes of thyroid hormone metabolism and efficiency of energy utilization.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Gastrointestinal disorders in psoriatic arthritis].

Systemic amyloidosis is a rare complication in psoriatic arthritis, 16 cases only were published until now. Our case report is characteristic of gastrointestinal symptoms like chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, and intestinal pseudoobstruction. In addition, in this connection the first report of segmental pseudomembranous enteritis is given. Discussing the findings, observations and literature, the difference between psoriatic enteropathy, malabsorption in systemic amyloidosis and pseudomembranous enteritis in amyloidosis is shown. In this connection the basic different pathophysiological mechanisms are demonstrated.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1985

Computerized assessment of self-monitored blood glucose results using a Glucometer reflectance photometer with memory and microcomputer.

A microcomputer software package to receive, analyse, and present blood glucose/time information has been developed. Data input is accomplished automatically via interface to Glucometer reflectance photometer instruments which have been specially modified to retain glucose/time results by addition of a clock and electronic memory. This new development in self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) has a number of advantages. It allows the rapid and meaningful analysis of large quantities of patient generated data to assess short- and long-term trends in BG patterns, and eliminates the tedium and possible errors of manual graphing. Patients were most interested in the positive feedback provided. The system has considerable potential in patient diabetes education and management.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of 125I-thyroxine in different organs and tissues of dietically obese rats.

The distribution of 125I-thyroxine (% dose/g tissue; tissue/plasma radioactivity ratio) was investigated in different tissues of 28-week-old obese Wistar rats. Obesity was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and confirmed by carcass analysis; in heavy obese animals the relative and absolute fat content is increased twofold and threefold, respectively, compared to control rats fed on a low-fat diet (LFD). Heavy HFD rats exhibit diminished 125I-T4 distribution in the "slow pool" (fat tissue, muscle) and unchanged values in the "fast pool" (liver, kidney) in comparison with LFD rats with low body weight. The differences in distribution presented here are not caused by the diet per se, but they are the consequence of the obesity of the animal, because no differences in the 125I-T4 distribution were found in the 125I-T4 between HFD and LFD rats with relatively equal body weight and body composition. The reduced T4 distribution in the fat tissue of obese rats is discussed in connection with possibly decreased lipolysis in this tissue and possible causal participation in the beginning of obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Enhanced formation of benzo(a)pyrene:DNA adducts in monocytes of patients with a presumed predisposition to lung cancer.

Blood monocytes from 45 selected patients with lung cancer and 30 healthy controls were incubated with [G-3H]-benzo(a)pyrene for 30 h, and the formation of covalently bound DNA adducts was determined. The lung cancer patients were either relatively young (below 46 yr), nonsmokers, or had at least one first degree relative with lung cancer. Therefore, they might be considered cancer prone. The DNA adducts were significantly elevated in 22 patients with early age cancer (4.34 fmol/micrograms of DNA; P less than 0.04). In 12 familial cases, the slight elevation (2.77 fmol/micrograms of DNA) was not statistically significant in comparison to healthy controls. Benzo(a)pyrene:DNA adduct levels did not differ significantly between smokers and nonsmokers. Eight of 9 lung cancer patients with DNA adducts equal or above 4.5 fmol/micrograms of DNA but only 16 of 36 with adducts below this value had either oat cell or squamous cell cancer (P less than 0.05). The observed enhanced formation of covalent DNA adducts in blood monocytes exposed to a carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon may be genetically determined and could play a role in the development of lung cancer at an early age.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Fine structure of the Sertoli cells of the rat testis in experimental unilateral cryptorchidism.

Mature rats were made unilaterally cryptorchid for 28 days. ABP concentrations of the abdominal epididymis were significantly reduced, indicating impaired secretory activity of the Sertoli cells. The FSH serum level was increased and testosterone levels both of the serum and of homogenates of the cryptorchid testis were slightly reduced. Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis showed signs of regression. Although Sertoli cell junctions were still impermeable to lanthanum, a reduction of membrane particles forming the Sertoli cell junctions was observed in freeze-fracture replicas. In thin sections it was seen that the plasma membrane-apposed cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum or the adjaacent microfilaments were partially lacking. No such changes were observed in the scrotal testis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Liver deiodase activity in rats of different body weight and fat contents following high or low fat diet. Comparison of enzymatic deiodination with T4-clearance rate and thyroid activity in animals].

Weanling male wistar rats were fed 4 weeks a standard diet and separated into 2 groups, which received a high fat diet (50% w fat; HFD) or a low fat diet (3% w fat; LFD). These diets were fed 6-8 weeks and the animals then separated into light and heavy animals in each group. T4 deiodination in liver homogenates was investigated in all groups and compared with T4 clearance rate and thyroidal activity of these animals. The HFD-rats showed independently of weight and body fat content significantly higher liver deiodinase activity than LFD-rats. In light and heavy HFD-rats with great differences in body fat content the liver deiodinase activity was equal. T4 deiodination in liver, contrary to the T4 clearance rate, depends on fat content of diet and not of body. The thyroidal radioiodine uptake and PBI-131-values in some weight groups of HFD-rats were significantly higher than in some LFD-weight-groups, but a dependence of the thyroidal activity from fat content of diet or of body was not clearly evident. The results indicate however, that the thyroidal activity is likely not responsible for the increase of liver deiodinase activity after high fat diet. The apparent discrepancy between the results of higher liver T4 deiodination and equal or lower T4 clearance rate or equal T3 serum concentrations is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Measuring prescribing practices in a state mental hospital system.

To determine the degree to which Nebraska's three state mental hospitals complied with recognized guidelines for prescription of psychotropic medications, a study was made for 1326 drug orders issued over a five-year period. The prescribing practices in the hospital were then reviewed in relation to the guidelines in areas of polypharmacy, daily dose frequency, time of day, use of p.r.n. orders, drug form, dosages for children and the elderly, dosages during acute and stabilized stages of illness, and brand versus generic names. The study highlighted areas of progress in drug use practices and identified areas for improvement.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[T4 metabolism in age matched heavy and light rats with good and bad feed efficiency following high- or low-in-fat diet].

Rats, fed two diets (high or low in fat content), were at the and of the feeding-period separated in light and in heavy animal groups. The leaner rats from the diet group high in fat content show opposite to the heavier animals of this diet group significantly increased T4 distribution spaces, significantly shortened T4 half life time and lower feed efficiency. T4 serum values, absolute T4 degradation per day and body mass and free thyroxine index in these leaner rats also increased significantly. However comparing heavy rats feed a diet low and light rats fed a diet high in rat content the latter show also a decreased feed efficiency, but no differences in T4 serum concentration or T3 binding capacity of serum proteins, free thyroxine index and T4 degradation. The results in T4 metabolism are discussed in relation to feed efficiency of the investigated animal groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Iodoamino acid distribution and weight of the thyroid gland, T4 serum level and T4 metabolism in relation to diet, body fat content and age of rats].

Rats were rendered obese by feeding them a fatty diet (HFD, fat: 50% of weight). At the end of the experimental period the animals were divided, also the control rats, which were fed a low-fat diet (LFD, fat: 3% of weight), in light and heavy weight groups. The heavy and obese HFD groups showed, unlike the light LFD-animals, equal absolute but significantly lower relative thyroidal weights. The absolute thyroidal weights of light and heavy animal groups, which received in each case the same diet, were identical, the relative thyroidal weights of the heavy rats on the other hand decreased significantly. The iodoamino acid distribution in the thyroid of rats showed no variation in animals fed various diets and differed in body mass and fat content. The T4 serum levels of the HFD-, in comparison to the LFD-animals increased significantly. Between light and heavy animals in equal diet groups no differences were obtained for the T4 serum values. The serum T3 levels of LFD- and HFD-rats were also equal. The heavy HFD- showed in comparison to the light LFD-animals a significantly lower T4 clearance and in the higher age groups a significantly extended T4 half-life time. The HFD- and LFD-rats with approximately equal body mass and body fat content showed no differences in T4 half-life time and T4 clearance rate depending on diet. A relation between higher body fat content and increased serum T4 levels as a possible adaption to obesity in heavy HFD-rats is discussed. By the comparison of younger and older rats in the most investigated diet and weight groups the older animals showed a decreasing tendency for K and TD/100 g KM and a significant decrease in the clearance rate and in the TD for T4, related to body mass. An influence of diet, body mass or fat content on the decrease of the T4 metabolism of rats with increased age is not evident. The T4 serum levels were not different in dependence on age, but the free T4 serum level was significantly lower in the older rats.

Adipose Tissue↗