Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Havlícek.
Patients with stomas have better care than ten years ago. Care is available to everyone who needs it and improved recently very rapidly and markedly in the Czech Republic. The authors describe briefly the history and present structure of stoma care.
The authors describe contemporary therapeutic procedures of ATB treatment at surgical ICUs. In conjunction with prophylactic administration they describe its indications, selection of ATB and period of administration. They discuss the necessity to start antibiotic treatment which is at first empirical and aimed after the results of cultivation examinations are available.
The authors describe the function of harmonic scalpel (HC) and it's use in laparoscopy. They present the main benefits of HC in comparison with monopolar electrosurgery in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The only disadvantage of HC is high purchase cost.
The use of implants in the correction of defects of the abdominal wall is not new in surgery. At present in conjunction with the development of the surgical technique and the development of new materials their use is even more frequent. The properties of implants differ, therefore the selection of suitable material is important.
Bacteriological monitoring of the low respiratory tract secretion was examined in 43 patients with lung resections. Three groups of cultivation results were evaluated: before operation, during operation and after operation in selected patients. There are two main reasons: 1. To prevent early infectious complications after operation, 2. To attempt treatment of the known bacteriological agent in time.
The authors evaluate the occurrence of candida infections in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU) in a one-year period. From the group of 1798 patients hospitalized in a surgical ICU there are 50 patients (2.8%) with candida colonisation and even 56 patients (3.1%) with candida infection. The authors evaluate risk factors for development of candida infection, its etiologic agents and the most frequent site of infection. In addition to usual treatment the authors suggest pre-emptive therapy in patients with risk factors. In the one-year period, two patients died of multiorgan failure (MOF) in close connection with candida infection (sepsis). The mortality of the group with proved candida infection was 3.57%.
The authors present possibilities of treatment of an acute bleeding peptic ulcer in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. They give options of surgical treatment in case of failure of an endoscopic approach. They evaluate results of endoscopic and surgical treatment in the retrospective of a five-year study and compare the benefit of different kinds of operative interventions.
Pulmonary complications are still the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality after lung resections. One of the most significant ones are infectious complications, particularly pneumonia. Pneumonia is very often caused by residual atelectasis. We evaluated a group of 75 patients after lung resection focused on occurrence of these two significant complications. We emphasize the prevention of these complications and draw attention to the bronchoscopy and "breathing reeducation" (physical therapy).
The authors are presenting a review of the current state of diagnosis and surgical treatment of the early breast cancer, an algorithm of the diagnosis and the treatment. The authors are showing the impact of the breast preserving surgery and from their point of view present experience with 362 patients operated at the General Surgery Pardubice assembled in years 1998 and 1999.
Operations of hernias in groin area are frequent. They account for 7-10% of all operations in surgical departments. The surgical solution of inguinal hernias is not simple. There exist many correction techniques. At present there is moreover a laparoscopic approach. The aim of the present study was to compare the results of inguinal hernias operated using conventional and laparoscopic techniques on the surgical department of the Pardubice Hospital during 1997-1998. We focused attention on the incidence of peroperative and postoperative complications and reconvalescence period.
The modern methods of diagnosis can detect cancer of pancreas in stage in which possibility of operation is so high. The contribution of mini-invasive surgery is to prepare patient to operate on with success and low risk. We give an account of view to surgical problems with adenocarcinoma of exocrine pancreas which is developed in course of hundred years of surgical practice. We present retrospective study (not closed) of patients with that diagnosis during the last 5 years, complications, algorithm of diagnosis, procedures results.
The authors evaluate importance of candida infections in a surgical ICU. They present recent survey of aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, clinical manifestations and therapy of invasive candida infections. The aim of this article is especially to summarize risk factors of the candida infection development.
The aim of this study is experimental testing of various kinds of meshes. They are used for correction of abdominal wall defects during operations of hernias (especially by the laparoscopic technique). The following implants were tested: Goretex, Prolen, Mersilen and Vicryl. Each of them represents one group of artificial materials (nonabsorbable, monofilaments multifilament, absorbable) which are usually used. Semiabsorbable materials were not tested because they are not usually used. The objects of testing were firstly constant quality of implants lasting in the time and secondly the reaction of tissues after implantation of those materials.
The case of 8-year-old boy with congenital diaphragmatic cyst is presented. The aspects of the origin of this anomalies, the surgical finding and the method of the reconstruction of diaphragma are described.
The case of successfully treated duodenal duplication at a four-month child is presented. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of this rare anomaly are discussed and the basic principles in the surgical management emphasised.
The problems of posttraumatic splenic cysts in the childhood are discussed. The case of successfully treated posttraumatic splenic pseudocyst at a twelve-year-old boy is presented. Some aspects and the possible early and late sequelae are remembered.
The use of tissue glue has been extended to all parts of surgery. There is not much experience in its application in this country. The report deals with the first clinical results of its use on various indications in general, traumatological, thoracic, vascular and pediatric surgery. A total of 100 patients were investigated. The fibrin system was found to be reliable, effective and safe. A successful use was noted in 88%, unsuccessful in 12% and complications occurred in 4%. Differences in success were statistically important in various indications. Special attention was given to serious complications that must be avoided.
The authors present a report on the autotransplantation of the damaged spleen by successful use of a tissue fibrin glue to fix thin lienal slices to the greater omentum. The new method was used in 8 men and 2 women, with the exception of one man in all patients after multiple injuries. From the total number two women died from sequelae of the injuries. Complications caused by replantation of the tissue were not observed. All the other patients survive and have no complaints associated with the loss of the spleen. The function of the transplant can be tested only by scintigraphy and laboratory examination. Other examinations by means of sonography, CT, X-ray of the stomach and irrigoscopy are not conclusive. The described method of replantation is suitable as it is simple and safe. In children orthotopic replantation is more suitable.