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Biomedical subjects

K Hellström

Publications and source records attributed to K Hellström.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Does chronic hypoxaemia induce transformations of fibre types?

The study comprised nine patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Quadriceps muscle biopsies were studied with respect to fibre type composition before and after haemodilution that brought haemoglobin (Hb) to within normal limits. Ten days elapsed between the two biopsy occasions. The arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and saturation (SaO2) were depressed to 8.4 +/- 2.0 kPa and 89 +/- 11% in the patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and increased to 9.2 +/- 2.1 and 91 +/- 8% with haemodilation. The type II fibre proportion was 71 +/- 12% before haemodilation and significantly higher than normal (reference group, see Aniansson et al. 1981). Following haemodilation the proportion of type II fibres decreased significantly to 60 +/- 14%. The proportion of type II fibres was directly related to the haemoglobin content before, but not after, haemodilation and was inversely related to PaO2 and SaO2 both before and after haemodilation. In conclusion, hypoxaemia may be a factor underlying the high proportion of type II fibres found in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

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PubMed1990

Decrease in myoglobin and enzyme contents with haemodilution in non-hypoxaemic polycythaemic patients.

Quadriceps muscle biopsies from five patients with primary polycythaemia and four patients with non-primary polycythaemia, all with normal respiratory functions, were studied before and after normalization of haemoglobin and erythrocyte volume fraction by haemodilution or venaesectio. Since similar results were obtained from both groups of patients data were pooled. After normalization of the erythrocyte volume fraction myoglobin decreased by 19 +/- 16%, P less than 0.01, the activity of creatine kinase and citrate synthase by 12 +/- 8 and 14 +/- 18%, P less than 0.05, respectively. The decrease in myoglobin content was related to the decrease in haemoglobin concentration (r = 0.77, P less than 0.01). In conclusion, these data suggest that in non-hypoxaemic polycythaemia skeletal muscle shows adaptations indicative of an impaired oxygenation and a metabolic stress, adaptations that are reversed by haemodilution.

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PubMed1987

Effects of a high-protein and low-fat diet vs a low-protein and high-fat diet on blood glucose, serum lipoproteins, and cholesterol metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetics.

Six middle-aged patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes and six normoglycemic control subjects were fed protein-rich and fat-poor (diet A) or protein-poor and fat-rich food (diet B). The patients were hyperglycemic, VLDL triglycerides levels were higher, and HDL cholesterol levels lower than corresponding findings in control subjects. Bile acid formation and biliary lipid composition did not differ between the two groups, but net steroid balance in the patients was elevated by a factor of approximately 2. A switch from diet A to diet B in control subjects was associated with an increase in HDL cholesterol and decreases in bile acid synthesis and net steroid balance. Lipoprotein pattern in the patients remained unchanged, and effects on total bile acid production and steroid balance were less consistent. It is suggested that the response in the patients reflected diabetes-associated abnormalities in lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

On the influence of vitamin K-rich vegetables and wine on the effectiveness of warfarin treatment.

Thrombotest (TT) values were studied in patients fed an ordinary diet and on continuous and well controlled warfarin therapy because of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. The aim was to characterize the effect of single and multiple administrations (daily during one week) of vitamin K1 (Konakion), vitamin K-rich vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, and table wine. Single administration of 250 micrograms vitamin K1, 250 g spinach, 250 g broccoli and 37.5 cl wine did not result in TT-values outside the therapeutic range. However, when Konakion, broccoli and spinach were given daily during one week the TT-values tended to rise above the therapeutic limit, requiring dose adjustment. On the basis of this study it appears that excessive intake of vitamin K-rich food and a moderate intake of alcohol on one occasion may be permitted during anticoagulant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in middle-aged diabetics.

Serum lipoproteins, bile and kinetics and net steroid balance were studied in 22 diet-treated and 5 insulin-treated patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in 6 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in 15 normoglycemic controls. All subjects were middle-aged and the patients were hyperglycemic. Some of the diet-treated patients suffered from obesity and/or dyslipoproteinaemia mainly characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins). The diet-treated patients had enhanced fractional turnover of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid but bile acid formation was within the control range in all groups of patients. As the most significant finding net steroid balance (total cholesterogenesis) was raised in the diet-treated patients. Bile acid kinetics and net steroid balance were normal in insulin-treated patients irrespective of type of diabetes.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1985

Nutritive toe skin capillaries in middle-aged patients with diabetes mellitus.

Vital capillary microscopy was employed in a study of the toe dorsum capillaries in 92 middle-aged diabetics and 96 controls of similar age and sex distribution. As a general finding most vision fields in the same toe showed an almost identical capillary pattern. In 17% of the toes in the controls compared to about 35% of the toes in the patients the capillaries were dilated more than 3 times. Such findings were unrelated to blood glucose control and a number of metabolic variables. In the patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes an abnormal capillary pattern was particularly common in patients with evidence of obstructive arterial disease. Such a relationship was not observed in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes in whom changes in the capillary pattern to a higher extent may be related to other mechanisms such as neuropathy.

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PubMed1984

Effects of a rice-rich versus a potato-rich diet on glucose, lipoprotein, and cholesterol metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetics.

Previous reports have demonstrated that noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus often is associated with hypertriglyceridemia linked to hyperinsulinemia and enhanced cholesterogenesis. Studies with single meals have indicated that rice as compared to potato results in a less pronounced blood glucose and insulin response. These findings initiated the current study in which eight middle-aged patients with adult-onset, noninsulin-dependent diabetes were fed a standardized diet with potato or rice as the major carbohydrate source. Blood glucose control was the same during both dietary periods. When rice was the major carbohydrate source the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides decreased in six patients and the formation of bile acid, especially that of cholic acid, showed a significant drop. The results further underline a link between lipoprotein and bile acid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Myoglobin content in leg skeletal muscle in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

Myoglobin was determined in biopsy specimens from the quadriceps muscle of 3 female and 15 male 48-to 78-year-old patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients were examined after an overnight rest. All but 2 were slightly to moderately hypoxemic. The myoglobin level was in all but 1 instance below the mean previously observed for apparently healthy subjects of similar age. The results are in line with earlier findings of an abnormal pattern of energy-rich phosphagens in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

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PubMed1984

Muscle biopsy studies in patients with moderate liver cirrhosis with special reference to energy-rich phosphagens and electrolytes.

Energy-rich phosphagens, water, and electrolytes were determined in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens from five elderly women and five elderly men with moderate liver cirrhosis. At the time of the study the patients were in their usual condition without evidence of deterioration of the disease. When compared with findings in apparently healthy subjects of similar age, the distribution and level of electrolytes and water were within normal limits in the female patients. The male patients showed increased contents of muscle water, and Mg2+ was reduced. The values calculated for the intracellular concentration of K+ and Mg2+ were also below normal. The pattern and levels of energy-rich phosphagens were abnormal in all but one female patient. As a general finding, ATP and the total level of adenine nucleotides were markedly reduced, as were phosphocreatine, the ATP/ADP ratio, and the energy charge potential.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Electrolytes and free amino acids in leg skeletal muscle of young and elderly women.

Electrolytes and/or amino acids were determined in leg skeletal muscle biopsies from elderly (age range 57-75 years) and young (age range 20-35 years) apparently healthy women. When compared to the young group, the elderly one was characterized by increased levels of muscular Na+ and Cl-, while the calculated intracellular concentration of Na+ was reduced. The pattern and levels of free amino acids showed only minor differences between elderly and young women. Intracellular Mg2+ and K+ showed a significant correlation with muscle levels of simultaneously determined energy-rich phosphagen compounds that was published previously.

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PubMed1982

Diurnal variation in biliary lipids and serum VLDL before and during treatment with cloribrate.

Biliary lipid composition and serum VLDL triglyceride (VLDL-TG) level were determined intermittently over 24 h in 5 previously cholecystectomized hypertriglyceridaemic patients. The study was repeated when the patients had been treated with clofibrate for 2 months. Before and during treatment the molar cholesterol concentration in duodenal bile showed marked diurnal variations. It dropped after the first meal in the morning, remained depressed until the end of the evening, increased early at night and dropped back slightly between 2 and 8 a.m. A diurnal variation was also recorded for bile acid composition, as the contribution of cholic acid (C) increased in 4 of the subjects at night. During treatment with clofibrate, the molar concentration of cholesterol remained unchanged during the day but was significantly elevated in samples obtained at night. The contribution of C increased during both the day and the night. As a general tendency, changes in the curve representing the molar level of cholesterol in bile were mirrored by reversed changes in the VLDL level in plasma. The possibility of a causal relationship between these two parameters is discussed.

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PubMed1982

Energy-rich phosphagens, electrolytes and free amino acids in leg skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.

Intramuscular (m. quadriceps) contents of electrolytes, free amino acids and energy-rich phosphagens were determined in 12 patients (51--81 years of age) with moderate chronic obstructive lung disease. At the time of the study the patients were in their habitual condition. After an overnight rest, 8 patients showed hypoxia and five of these also hypercapnia. Compared to apparently healthy controls of similar age and studied under identical conditions, the patients had increased intramuscular concentrations of sodium, chloride and extracellular water, whereas magnesium was slightly reduced. ATP and phosphocreatine, as well as the ATP/ADP and phosphocreatine/total creatine ratios, were reduced. The ATP/ADP ratio correlated significantly to intracellular magnesium. Plasma amino acids were essentially similar in controls and patients but the intramuscular contents of essential amino acids and of the three branched-chain amino acids were slightly enhanced in the patients.

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PubMed1981

Bile acid kinetics, steroid balance and biliary lipids in hyperlipoproteinaemia type III.

Bile acid kinetics, steroid balance and biliary lipid composition were studied in 8 patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) type III (broad-beta-disease). As a general finding the formation of bile acids exceeded the range encountered in normolipidaemic subjects, but the mean net steroid balance remained normal. On the basis of previous findings of a close correlation between the synthesis of VLDL-triglycerides and bile acids in other types of HPL it is suggested that HPL type III may be associated with an enhanced VLDL production. As a further indication of a disturbed cholesterol metabolism the bile was supersaturated with cholesterol in al subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Influence of fat-rich versus carbohydrate-rich diets on bile acid kinetics, biliary lipids, and net steroid balance in hyperlipidemic subjects.

Altogether, 14 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIA (n = 3), IIb (n = 4), or IV (n = 7) were maintained on diets in which 60% of the energy was supplied as fat or carbohydrates. The switch from the fat-rich to the carbohydrate-rich diet resulted in elevation of the plasma triglyceride levels. Although not consistent in all instances, the change of diet also resulted in an enhanced formation of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid and a higher contribution of deoxycholic acid in duodenal bile. Due to a reciprocal decrease in the excretion of neutral steroids in feces, the mean steroid balance remained unchanged. In all but four patients this switch of diets was associated with a decreased molar cholesterol concentration in duodenal bile obtained in the postabsorptive state.

Adult↗