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Biomedical subjects

K Hellström

Publications and source records attributed to K Hellström.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effect of aging on energy-rich phosphagens in human skeletal muscles.

1. Biopsy specimens of muscle obtained after an overnight rest from 14 men and eight women, apparently healthy subjects (age range 52-79 years), were analysed for pyruvate, lactate and energy-rich phosphagens. 2. Values for metabolites showed no sex differences. Compared with previous findings in men and women about 40 years younger, the intramuscular concentrations of both total adenine nucleotides and phosphocreatine were approximately 5% lower in the elderly. Creatine was correspondingly increased, but total creatine was unchanged, as were the ATP and the ATP/ADP ratio. 3. It was concluded that energy-rich compounds showed significant but small age-related variations.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1980

Knowledge of diabetes mellitus, diets and nutrition in diabetic patients.

A multiple choice questionnaire was used to test the level of knowledge abut diabetes mellitus and diet-nutrition in diabetic patients (n = 317), non-diabetic patients (n = 70), nursing personnel (n = 53) and third-year medical students (n = 43). The results concerning diabetes were better than those for diet-nutrition. A score of greater than or equal to 80% in diet-nutrition was considered necessary for proper management of the diet at home. This level was reached by 84% of the students, 26% of the nursing personnel, 29% of the insulin-treated diabetics (n = 178, 9% of the tablet-treated diabetics (n = 124) and 4% of the non-diabetic patients. It was concluded that the piecemeal instruction system used to teach the diabetic patients is inefficient and should be replaced by a formal educational program integrated into the patient care system. The level of knowledge among nursing personnel needs to be improved.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Biliary lipid composition in normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia.

The lipid composition of fasting gallbladder bile obtained under standardized conditions was determined in healthy controls and in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia without gallstones. Altogether 23 normolipidemic controls (10 males and 13 females) and 50 hyperlipidemic patients (31 type IIa, 7 type IIb, and 12 type IV) were studied; all were less than 15% overweight. The cholesterol saturation averaged 96 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) in the controls, and 10 of them had bile supersaturated with cholesterol. There was no difference between males and females. An increased saturation with age was seen in females. A normal biliary cholesterol saturation (102 +/- 3%) was found in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa; this was true also for the subgroup with established familial hypercholesterolemia. All patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb and 10 of those with type IV had saturated bile (135 +/- 8% and 121 +/- 6%, respectively). The results suggest an association between certain forms of hyperlipoproteinemia and the development of supersaturated bile. Since fasting gallbladder bile supersaturated with cholesterol is considered to precede gallstone formation, the present results may explain previous findings of an increased prevalence of gallstone disease in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Prevalence of gallbladder disease in hyperlipoproteinemia.

An analysis of the occurrence of gallbladder disease (ie, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholecystectomy) in 210 consecutive patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia showed that the prevalence of gallbladder disease was 8%, 18%, and 42% in males with type IIa, IIb, and IV hyperlipoproteinemia, and 22%, 48%, and 72% in the corresponding groups of females. The 40-59-year-old patients were compared to three necropsy series from Malmö, Sweden. The occurrence of gallbladder disease was within normal limits in type IIa and abnormally high in type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. There were no differences with regard to age, body weight, glucose intolerance, or ischemic heart disease between type IV patients with and without GBD. It is suggested that certain forms of disturbances of lipoprotein metabolism are associated with an increased risk for development of gallbladder disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of cholesterol feeding on bile acid kinetics and biliary lipids in normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects.

Six normolipidemic and six hypertriglyceridemic subjects were studied. The investigations were conducted before and after the basal diet (cholesterol intake about 0.8 mmol/day) was replaced by a cholesterol-rich diet (cholesterol intake about 4 mmol/day). Irrespective of the type of diet, the combined formation of cholic acid (C) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CD) was about two times higher in the hyperlipoproteinemic (mostly type IV) than the normolipidemic subjects. With the cholesterol-rich diet, the total plasma cholesterol increased in all normolipidemic and in four hyperlipidemic patients. Although total bile acid formation remained constant, there were several indications that an augmented intake of dietary cholesterol influenced bile acid metabolism. The pool size of CD increased in all but one normolipidemic subject. This group also displayed a decrease in the C/CD ratio of the bile acids produced and in the C/CD ratio of the bile acids in duodenal bile. The latter finding was also encountered in the hyperlipoproteinemic patients. On the basis of these and other data, it is suggested that the pattern of the bile acids synthesized may roughly reflect the degree of hepatic cholesterogenesis. Cholesterol feeding had no consistent effects on the molar cholesterol concentration in duodenal bile.-Andersén, E., and K. Hellström. The effect of cholesterol feeding on bile acid kinetics and biliary lipids in normolipidemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects.

Bile↗
PubMed1978

Bile acid kinetics in relation to endogenous tryglyceride metabolism in various types of hyperlipoproteinemia.

Bile acid and plasma endogenous triglyceride kinetics were determined under standardized dietary conditions in 47 hyperlipidemic subjects with the aid of [14C]cholic acid, [14C]chenodeoxycholic acid, and [3H]glycerol, respectively. On the basis of their lipoprotein pattern the patients were separated into three groups characterized by hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) type IIa (n = 19), type IIb (n = 6), and type IV (n = 22). In keeping with previous reports from this laboratory the total bile acid formation reports from this laboratory the total bile acid formation in HLP type IV (19.5 +/- 2.2) mumol kg-1d-1, mean +/- SEM) exceeded that encountered in type IIa (10.7 +/- 0.9 mumol kg-1d-1, P less than 0.005). This difference was mainly due to an increased synthesis of cholic acid in type IV HLP (12.7 +/- 1.7 mumol kg-1d-1 vs. 6.1 +/- 0.5 mumol kg-1d-1, P less than 0.005). Bile acid formation in type IIb HLP was essentially within the limits recorded for type IIa. Apparent plasma triglyceride formation (as calculated from the 10-hr radioactivity decay curve) averaged 10.5 +/- 0.7 mumol kg-1hr-1 in type IIa HLP and was significantly higher in type IIb (20.7 +/- 1.9 mumol kg-1hr-1, P less than 0.001) and in type IV (22.1 +/- 1.4 mumol kg-1hr-1, P less than 0.001). The apparent fractional turnover rate of plasma triglyceride in type IV HLP (0.147 +/- 0.011 hr-1) was lower than that encountered in type IIa (0.188 +/- 0.008, P less than 0.01) and in type IIb (0.177 +/- 0.011 hr-1). The apparent production of plasma triglycerides and the formation of cholic acid correlated in type IIa (r = +0.69, P less than 0.001) and in type IV HLP (r = +0.70, P less than 0.001). A similar pattern was seen for total bile acid formation, while chenodeoxycholic acid showed a correlation to apparent triglyceride synthesis only in type IV HLP. It is suggested that an increased formation of plasma triglycerides--monitoring very low density lipoprotein synthesis--is linked to an enhanced degradation of cholesterol to bile acids and that there is an integrated regulation of the metabolism of these two parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of cholestyramine and chenodeoxycholic acid on the metabolism of endogenous triglyceride in hyperlipoproteinemia.

Previous studies conducted under basal conditions have suggested a linkage between the formation of plasma triglyceride and the degradation of cholesterol to bile acids. To further examine this relationship, plasma endogenous triglyceride kinetics were determined using [(3)H]glycerol in 26 hyperlipidemic subjects before and during stimulated (cholestyramine treatment) and inhibited (chenodeoxycholic acid treatment) bile acid synthesis. All patients with hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) type II (n = 9) treated with cholestyramine (12 g daily for 2-4 months) displayed increased apparent biosynthesis (12.8 +/- 1.5 vs. 9.7 +/- 1.2 micro mol kg(-1)hr(-1), mean +/- SEM, P < 0.005) and an elevated apparent fractional turnover rate (0.230 +/- 0.017 vs. 0.176 +/- 0.014 hr(-1), P < 0.001) as determined over a 10-hr period, in spite of essentially unchanged plasma triglyceride concentrations. No consistent effect of this therapy was encountered in the five patients studied with type IV HLP. Chenodeoxycholic acid feeding (1.9 mmol daily for 3-4 months) resulted in a reduced apparent synthesis of plasma triglycerides both in type IIa (n = 5, 7.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 13.1 +/- 1.2 micro mol kg(-1)hr(-1), P < 0.01) and type IV HLP (n = 7, 15.5 +/- 1.8 vs. 23.6 +/- 3.7 micro mol kg(-1)hr(-1), P < 0.02). Furthermore, a 20-25% reduction of the apparent fractional turnover rate was seen, and the plasma concentration of triglycerides was reduced by about 15%. It is concluded that the present experimental conditions that primarily influence cholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis also affect the metabolism of plasma triglycerides-and presumably that of very low density lipoprotein-in a regulatory manner. Hypothetically, this may be achieved via a hepatic pool of newly synthesized cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism. Prevalence in patients receiving thiazides as detected in a health screen.

Twenty patients being treated with thiazides were found among 95 subjects (21%) with hyercalcemia verified in repeated determinations in a health screening of 15,903 persons. There were 1,034 patients treated with thiazides in this total health screening. The prevalence of hypercalcemia in the patients treated with thiazides in this total health screening. The prevalence of hypercalcemia in the patients treated with thiazide (1.9%) was considerably higher than the prevalence of hypercalcemia found in the entire health-screened population (0.6%). The thiazide treatment was withdrawn in the 20 hypercalcemic subjects after an examination, and the patients were observed at intervals during a follow-up period of one year. The necks of 14 were explored during or after the follow-up period because of an initial serum calcium level greater than 3.0 mmole/liter or persistent hypercalcemia. Parathyroid adenomas were seen in all patients receiving surgery. Single adenomas predominated in surgical findings. The finding of the present high number of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism may be associated with elevated blood pressure resulting in thiazide treatment after detection.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Blood pressure in subjects with hypercalcaemia and primary hyperparathyroidism detected in a health screening programme.

Primary hyperparathyroidism was the most likely diagnosis in sixty-eight non-thiazide treated patients with hypercalcaemia detected in a health screening. The group included fifty-five females and thirteen males with a mean +/- SEM age of 55.0 +/- 0.7 years. On a pair basis, these patients were compared with a series of sixty-eight age- and sex-matched normocalcaemic subjects selected from the health screening register. Five subjects in each group were receiving medication for hypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the hypercalcaemic subjects in the remaining fifty-eight pairs (P less than 0.001). This difference was unrelated to impaired renal filtration and many other factors associated with hypertension. It is concluded that hypercalcaemia and/or other effects of deranged parathyroid function per se may result in a blood pressure elevation on which need not necessarily attain the level of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The metabolism of steroids in the fatty liver induced by orotic acid feeding.

1. The metabolism of 4-[4-14C]androstene-3,17-dione, 4-[4-14C]pregnene-3,20-dione, 5alpha-[4-14C]androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol, [4-14C]cholesterol, 7alpha-hydroxy-4-[6beta-3H]cholesten-3-one, 5beta-[7beta-3H]cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol and [3H]lithocholic acid was studied in the microsomal fraction of livers from control and orotic acid-treated male rats. 2. As a result of the treatment the orotic acid-fed rats had fatty livers and subnormal concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in serum. 3. The 6beta- and 7alpha-hydroxylation of 4-androstene3,17-dione, and the 2alpha-, 2beta- and 18-hydroxylation of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol, and the 5alpha-reduction of 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 4-pregnene-3,20-dione were decreased by 40--50% in orotic acid-fed rats. Other oxidative and reductive reactions of the steroid hormones were not significantly affected. 4. The 12alpha-hydroxylation of 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one was decreased by about 50%, whereas the 7alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol and the 26-hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol were not significantly decreased. The 6beta-hydroxylation of lithocholic acid was stimulated by 40%. 5. The results are discussed in relation to present knowledge of the heapatic drug-metabolizing enzymes and to the recent findings of an abnormal bile acid metabolism in liver disease.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1976

Elimination of cholesterol in hyperlipoproteinaemia.

1. Cholesterol intake (about 0-25 mmol/day) and the faecal excretion of cholesterol, coprostanol and coprostanone were determined in normolipidaemic control subjects and hyperlipidaemic patients, whose bile acid kinetics had been previously studied. 2. The combined excretion of the neutral steroids (excluding plant sterol and plant sterol metabolites) averaged 1-07 +/- 0-13 (+/-SEM)mmol/day in the control subjects (n=14). The corresponding values in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia type IIa (n=19), IIb (n=12) and IV (n=23) were 0-86 +/- 0-10, 0-93 +/- 0-11 and 1-48 +/- 0-17 mmol/day respectively. 3. The mean values for the net steroid "balance", defined as the combined amount of bile acid synthesized (determined by an isotope-dilution technique) and the faecal excretion of neutral steroids minus cholesterol intake, were 1-83 +/- 0-22 mmol/day in the control subjects and 1-60 +/- 0-15, 1-81 +/- 0-19 and 3-53 +/- 0-23 mmol/day in patients with type IIa, IIb and IV lipoprotein patterns respectively. 4. No significant correlations between net steroid "balance" and sex, age, serum lipid concentrations, body weight or body surface area were found in any of the groups of subjects. 5. It is concluded that patients with type II hyperlipoproteinaemia eliminate cholesterol as bile acids and neutral faecal steroids normally. The type IV lipoprotein pattern is associated with increased bile acid synthesis and/or elevated faecal excretion of neutral steroids, so that the net steroid "balance" is usually above the normal limit.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1976

Influence of fructose feeding on individual enzymic reactions in the formation and metabolism of bile acids in rat liver homogenates.

1. Rats were maintained for 10 d on a semi-synthetic diet containing 700 g glucose or 700 g fructose/kg. Individual enzymic reactions in bile acid synthesis and metabolism were studied by measuring the 7alpha-hydroxylation of [4-14C]cholesterol, and 12alpha-hydroxylation of 7alpha-[6beta-3H]hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, the 26-hydroxylation of 5beta-[7beta-3H]cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol and the 6beta-hydroxylation of [3H]lithocholic acid in liver homogenates. 2. The serum cholesterol level was approximately the same in both groups of animals, but the serum triglyceride level was almost twice as high in the fructose-fed rats compared to the glucose-fed rats. 3. The 6beta-hydroxylation of [3H]ithocholic acid was increased by about 20% in the fructose-fed rats compared to the glucose-fed animals. The activities of the other enzymic reactions studied did not differ significantly between the two groups of animals. The findings are discussed in relation to previous knowledge concerning mechanisms regulating triglyceride, pre-beta-lipoprotein and bile acid synthesis.

Animals↗