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Biomedical subjects

K Inanaga

Publications and source records attributed to K Inanaga.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Prediction of clinical efficacy of zopiclone by utilizing two psychophysiological tools in healthy volunteers.

The clinical effects of zopiclone were predicted by using two psychophysiological tests: the averaged photopalpebral reflex and the frontal midline theta activity. Zopiclone at 5 and 10 mg showed a rapid, dose-dependent, moderately lasting prolongation of the latencies of the averaged photopalpebral reflex related to the lowering of the arousal level. Diazepam 5 mg increased markedly the frontal midline theta activity, the appearance of which seems to be related to the relief from anxiety, while zopiclone 10 mg only slightly modified the frontal midline theta activity. The results suggest that zopiclone possesses a potent hypnotic effect, whereas its anxiolytic potential in humans is probably low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The effects of neuroleptics on the GABA receptor of cat primary afferent neurons.

Butyrophenones (haloperidol and pimozide) at low concentrations (0.05-1.0 micro M) inhibited the GABA-induced depolarization of cat primary afferent neurons, while at high concentrations (greater than 10 micro M) they enhanced the GABA-depolarization. These actions of the butyrophenones were not accompanied by any measurable change in the dissociation constant of the GABA-GABA receptor interaction, whereas their inhibitory and facilitatory influences on the GABA-depolarization were associated with reduction and increase in the cell membrane resistance, respectively. Further analysis showed that the reduction of membrane resistance by low concentrations of butyrophenones was brought about by an increased sodium and potassium conductance and that the increase in membrane resistance by a high concentration of these drugs was caused by a reduced sodium and potassium conductance. In contrast to the butyrophenones, a typical phenothiazine derivative (chlorpromazine) at concentrations of 0.1-100 micro M did not affect the GABA-depolarization. The results suggest that butyrophenones do not mimic the action of GABA as originally proposed by Janssen, but alter the GABA-induced depolarization indirectly by modifying the electrically excitable portion of the cell membrane. Chlorpromazine, a phenothiazine, on the other hand, has no recognizable effects on either the GABA-receptor membrane or the electrically excitable membrane.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1981

A preliminary double-blind study on the efficacy of carbamazepine in prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness.

A preliminary double-blind controlled study on the prophylactic effect of carbamazepine on recurrent manic-depressive psychotics was conducted with 22 patients using an inert placebo in ten subjects as a control drug. Carbamazepine in the dosage of 200-600 mg was administered for 1 year. Among the 22 carbamazepine subjects, carbamazepine was found to be effective in 60% of the cases and inert placebo in 22.2% (U-test, P less than 0.10). It is suggested that carbamazepine is a useful drug for the prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Periodic appearance of theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during performance of a mental task.

The distinct theta rhythm in the frontal midline area during performance of a mental task has been called Fm theta. In the present study, periodicity in the appearance of Fm theta was investigated. Thirty male university students were requested to perform the Uchida-Kraepelin test (a test of continuous arithmetic addition) for 5 min continuously after a 2 min practice and 5 min rest. EEGs were recorded monopolarly from disc electrodes placed on Fz and Cz during the whole procedure. A 5 min distribution diagram of appearance of Fm theta was defined according to our criteria. Fm theta appeared in 19 out of 30 subjects. The total appearance time of Fm theta in each subject showed no correlation either to the amount of performed task or to the number of errors. In the subjects who showed a relatively small amount of Fm theta, it tended to appear mainly at 6 points in the 5 min distribution diagram: about 20, 60, 100, 200, 240 and 290 sec after the beginning of calculation. In contrast, Fm theta was almost uniformly distributed in those who showed a larger amount of Fm theta. These results suggest that appearance of Fm theta shows individual differences and there might exist some periodicity of an attention mechanism in certain subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The sleep pattern of chronic alcoholics during the alcohol withdrawal period.

The sleep pattern of 13 alcoholics was recorded for five consecutive nights after the cessation of alcohol intake. In six of the 13 patients, delirium tremens occurred after hospitalization. A decrease of total sleep time and slow wave sleep was more pronounced in the patients with delirium tremens than in those without. REM sleep had slightly decreased in both groups. Rebound increase in REM sleep had not been observed in all the patients with delirium tremens. Stage 1-REM with tonic EMG was observed in these two groups. From these results we are inclined to hypothesize that a deficiency of cerebral 5-HT in alcoholics may lead to a pronounced decrease in slow wave sleep, with rapid eye movements appearing in stage 1 sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Multi-institutional study on the teratogenicity and fetal toxicity of antiepileptic drugs: a report of a collaborative study group in Japan.

A multi-institutional collaborative study was conducted concerning the course of pregnancy and delivery and the incidence of abnormal infants delivered of epileptic women. Of 657 women receiving antiepileptic drugs, 73% delivered live infants, 14% had miscarriage or stillbirth, and 13% underwent induced abortion. In contrast to the above findings, 80% of 162 patients not receiving antiepileptic drugs delivered live infants and 4% had miscarriage or stillbirth. The latter outcome was significantly increased in the medicated patients. In this series, 63 (9.9%) of 638 live births were malformed, 55 (11.5%) being from medicated mothers and 3 (2.3%) from nonmedicated mothers. The incidence of fetal malformation in medicated mothers was thus five times as high as that in nonmedicated mothers. Cleft lip and/or palate and malformations involving the cardiovascular system were found frequently in the infants from medicated mothers. General background factors that might exert teratogenic effects on pregnant patients with epilepsy were studied, and the potential toxicity of antiepileptic drugs to the fetus was also analyzed. In this regard, consideration should be given to whether the patient has partial epileptic seizures, whether the patient herself exhibits any malformation, or whether her previous pregnancy resulted in an abnormal outcome. The incidence of fetal malformation was the highest (12.7%) in the medicated patients who had epileptic seizures during the pregnancy. It is presumed on the basis of the results of analysis of the data that a combination of more than three drugs and a daily dose greater than a certain minimal level is likely to produce malformed infants.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1980

Biphasic effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on exploratory behavior in mice.

The neurological mechanism involved in biphasic effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on exploratory behavior was studied in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of TRH (2.5 mg/kg) induced an increase of ambulation which was followed by subsequent decrease. Pretreatment with nialamide (20 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated the hyperactivity elicited by TRH but failed to affect the subsequent hypoactivity. Tetrabenazine (3 mg/kg i.p.) administered after nialamide markedly increased and sequentially decreased the ambulation, whereas tetrabenazine injected after TRH decreased ambulation as did tetrabenazine alone. TRH administered in combination with and tetrabenazine elicited a pronounced excitation followed by depression, as compared with those elicited by TRH alone or nialamide plus tetrabenazine. The results suggest that TRH induces a biphasic action in exploratory behavior and that this action may involve facilitation of dopamine release which results in an activation of post- and presynaptic dopamine receptors.

Animals↗