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K Inokuma

Publications and source records attributed to K Inokuma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Magnetic effect for electrochemically driven cellular convection.

Hydrodynamic instability analogous to Rayleigh-Bénard convection is observed in an electrolytic solution between two parallel copper wire electrodes. The laser interferometric technique can reveal the dissipation structure created by the motion of the fluid, which is controlled electrochemically. It is shown that under the presence of horizontal magnetic field the roll cells move horizontally along the electrodes. The electrochemically driven convection is simply controlled and monitored by setting and measuring the electrochemical parameters and forms many kinds of spatiotemporal patterns, especially under the magnetic field. The phenomenon is modeled by considering a Boussinesq fluid under a concentration gradient. The stability of the resulting equations is studied by linear stability analysis. The time dependent nonlinear system is investigated numerically and the main features of the experimental response are reproduced.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Pharmacologic profiles of KRH-594, a novel nonpeptide angiotensin II-receptor antagonist.

We studied pharmacologic profiles of KRH-594, dipotassium (Z)-2-[[5-ethyl-3-[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl-1,3,4 -thiadiazolin-2-ylidene]aminocarbonyl]-1-cyclopentenecarb oxylate, a novel angiotensin II (AII)-receptor antagonist. KRH-594 potently displaced specific binding of [125I]-AII from AT1 receptor with a Ki of 0.39 nM in rat liver membranes, but not from AT2 receptor in bovine cerebellar membranes (Ki > 10 microM). KRH-594 exhibited no affinity for 21 other receptors and two enzymes [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) > 10 microM], demonstrating its high specificity toward AT1 receptors. In isolated rabbit aorta, KRH-594 caused nonparallel shifts to the right of the dose-response curve to AII and decreased the maximal response with a pK(B) of 10.4. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy and the duration of action in freely moving rats under nonfasting conditions. In normotensive rats, orally administered KRH-594 inhibited AII-induced pressor responses with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of 0.39 mg/kg. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), both KRH-594 (1 mg/kg p.o.) and losartan (10 mg/kg p.o.) exerted similar blood pressure-reducing effects, and their effects were still significant at 24 h after drug administration. We concluded that KRH-594 is a specific and efficacious AT1 antagonist that may find its use in the treatment of human hypertension.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1996

Cloning, sequencing and mapping of a manganese superoxide dismutase gene of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

We have cloned, sequenced and mapped a gene (sod-2) encoding manganese superoxide dismutase [EC 1.15.1.1] from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The sod-2 was mapped to chromosome I by hybridization with a YAC polytene filter. The protein-coding region spans 1129 base pairs including 4 introns and encodes a protein of 221 amino acids (aa) (M(r) = 24536) of which the first 24 aa are the presumed mitochondorial-targeting signal peptide. The gene sequence of sod-2 was slightly different from an isoform, sod-3.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in neonates and infants].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime (CMX) in neonates and infants were conducted. 1. CMX 20 mg/kg was administered by intravenous bolus injection to 6 neonates (with ages 2 to 20 days) and 5 infants (with ages 36 to 107 days) and its serum concentration and urinary excretion rates were determined. In the neonates, serum concentrations of CMX after intravenous administration reached peak levels of 48.2 to 90.7 micrograms/ml (mean 70.4 +/- 14.3 micrograms/ml) in 1/4 hour, then declined with half-lives of 1.27 to 5.19 hours (mean 2.28 +/- 1.56 hours), and were 3.6 to 16.9 micrograms/ml (mean 8.3 +/- 6.0 micrograms/ml) at 6 hours. In the infants, serum concentrations at 1/4 hour were 67.5 to 111.0 micrograms/ml (mean 95.5 +/- 18.0 micrograms/ml); half-lives were 0.64 to 0.94 hour (mean 0.81 +/- 0.13 hour); and the serum concentrations at 6 hours were 0.2 to 1.1 micrograms/ml (mean 0.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml). Mean peak serum concentrations in the neonates tended to be lower than those in the infants, but higher than those in children. Regarding the age differences of serum concentrations due to age in the neonates, their peak levels tended to be lower in younger ones. Half-lives were shorter in older subjects and, in early infancy, approached values observed in children. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after intravenous administration ranged from 43.6 to 87.5% (mean 61.6 +/- 14.6%) in the neonates and from 52.1 to 90.8% (mean 78.0 +/- 15.1%) in the infants. Thus, recovery rates were high even in younger subjects and tended to be higher in older subjects. 2. CMX was administered to 27 neonates and 4 infants to investigate its clinical effect, bacteriological effect and side effects. Clinical efficacy ratings of the drug in 19 neonate cases that could be evaluated (1 with purulent meningitis, 2 with suspected septicemia, 1 with acute bronchitis, 12 with acute pneumonia, 1 with impetigo, 1 with periumbilical abscess and 1 with acute pyelonephritis) were "excellent" in 14 cases, "good" in 4, and "poor" in 1. The efficacy rate covering "excellent" and "good" was 94.7%. In 4 infants (2 with acute pneumonia, 1 with periumbilical abscess and 1 with acute pyelonephritis), "excellent" was obtained in 2 cases and "good" in 2 cases. Thus, all the cases showed "good" or higher ratings. Bacteriologically, 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus and 3 strains of Escherichia coli in neonates were eradicated while, in infants, 1 strain of S. aureus persisted but 1 of E. coli was eradicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzonam in pediatrics].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were conducted to evaluate cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new cephem type antibiotic, in the pediatric field. A total of 9 pediatric patients (2-14 years) was treated with intravenous injection of CZON: 4 cases with one shot of 20 mg/kg, 2 cases with one shot of 40 mg/kg and 3 cases with drip infusion over 1 hour of 40 mg/kg. CZON concentrations in serum and the excretion in urine were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 49.0, 22.7, 9.03, 2.13, 0.37, and 0.09 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg one shot intravenous injections, mean serum concentrations were 117.5, 68.0, 26.2, 8.80, 0.63 and 0.19 micrograms/ml at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. With 40 mg/kg intravenous drip infusions over 1 hour, mean concentrations were 57.1, 78.8, 12.9, 1.12 and 0.23 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively. Mean half-lives were 0.69 hour for 20 mg/kg one shot injections, 0.44 hour for 40 mg/kg one shot injections, and 0.58 hour for 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusions. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hour after administration were 70.8% (mean) for the 20 mg/kg one shot injection, 44.1% (1 case) for the 40 mg/kg one shot injection, and 60.0% (mean) for the 40 mg/kg 1 hour drip infusion. CZON was administered in 26 cases of pediatric infections, and the clinical efficacy, antibacterial activity, and side effects were evaluated. Of the 26 cases 2 were excluded for the reason of not having bacterial infection, and the remaining 24 cases were assessed. Included in the 24 cases were 16 cases of acute pneumonia, 2 cases of acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 1 case each of acute bronchitis, acute purulent otitis media, acute apical periodontitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), acute pyelonephritis, and acute enteritis. Clinical efficacy evaluation showed 19 excellent cases and 5 good cases, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Bacteriologically, Staphylococcus aureus 1 strain, Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 strain, beta-Streptococcus 1 strain, Haemophilus influenzae 10 strains, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1 strain, Proteus mirabilis 1 strain, and Campylobacter jejuni 1 strain were determined or assumed as pathogens, but all of them were eradicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of pediatrics].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem (MK-0787)/cilastatin sodium (MK-0791), a combined drug of carbapenem antibiotics (MK-0787) and renal depeptidase inhibitor (MK-0791) in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. Absorption and excretion Serum levels and urinary excretion of MK-0787/MK-0791 were determined in 7 children aged 4 to 11 years. Four cases were administered with a single dose of MK-0787/MK-0791 at 10 mg/10 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion and the other 3 cases were given a single dose of 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of MK-0787 reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion where the mean level was 17.5 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml for the group given 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 43.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml for the group given 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Concentrations decreased with half-lives of 0.82 +/- 0.10 hour and 0.74 +/- 0.04 hour for the low and high doses, respectively, and serum levels at 6 hours after administration were 0.3 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.4 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml, respectively. Peak concentrations of MK-0791 were 22.6 +/- 4.8 micrograms/ml in the 10 mg/10 mg/kg group and 52.9 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml in the 20 mg/20 mg/kg group at the end of the drip infusion. Half-lives were 0.56 +/- 0.17 hour and 0.46 +/- 0.11 hour for the 2 doses, respectively while MK-0791 levels were below detection limit at 6 hours after administration. Mean urinary recovery rates in 6 hours after administration were 54.0 +/- 15.3% and 49.3 +/- 7.8% for MK-0787 and MK-0791, respectively, in the group of 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 62.0 +/- 7.4% and 65.3 +/- 9.2%, respectively, in the group of 20 mg/20 mg/kg. These results showed that pharmacokinetics of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in children were similar to that in adults. Clinical study MK-0787/MK-0791 was used for treatment in a total of 22 pediatric patients to evaluate clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse reactions. Each of patients was treated 3 or 4 times per day at a single dose of 11.4-22.8 mg/kg (of MK-0787). Duration of treatment ranged from 2.5 to 18 days and total doses ranged from 1.36 to 19.92 g. Clinical efficacy in cases including 2 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 1 with acute purulent otitis media, 9 with acute pneumonia, 1 with pythorax, 3 with acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 6 with acute pyelonephritis were judged excellent in 20 cases and good in 2 cases; an efficacy rate of 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Fundamental and clinical evaluations of ceftazidime in neonates].

Evaluations of ceftazidime (CAZ) in a few different categories were carried out in neonates. Single doses of 20 mg/kg of CAZ were administered to 8 neonates (day-age range: 1-26) and 3 infants (day-age range: 45-119) by bolus intravenous injection. Mean serum concentrations of CAZ at 15, 30 min., 1, 2, 4 hours and 6 hours were 51.6 +/- 9.2, 48.1 +/- 8.7, 47.9 +/- 7.8, 38.2 +/- 6.5, 20.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms/ml, and 15.3 +/- 5.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the neonates, and 51.1 +/- 10.3, 44.7 +/- 6.8, 35.5 +/- 4.1, 21.4 +/- 2.0, 8.6 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml and 3.5 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the infants. Mean half-lives of CAZ in serum were 2.87 +/- 0.77 hours in the neonates and 1.39 +/- 0.10 hours in the infants, and mean urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours were 60.5 +/- 16.0%, and 76.8 +/- 39.6% in the neonates and the infants, respectively. When individual differences are taken into consideration, no significant difference exists among 30-minute serum concentrations of neonates of different day-ages, and these concentrations were not significantly different from those in infants and older children. Half-lives of CAZ in sera decreased rapidly with the advances of the day-ages of the neonates, and the half-life at an age of 1-month should be similar to that in older children. The CAZ was administered to 2 cases of suspected sepsis, 7 of acute pneumonia, 1 of acute pyelonephritis, 1 of cellulitis, and 2 of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, and clinical efficacies were excellent in all the cases except for 2 cases excluded from the assessment. S. pyogenes (1), E. coli (1) and S. aureus (1) suspected as causative organisms were eradicated by the treatment with CAZ. Neither clinical adverse effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in any case. From the above results, CAZ is considered to be an antibiotic with high efficacy and safety in the treatment of neonates.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1985

Self-induced photogenic epilepsy in infants.

We studied two infants with self-induced photogenic epilepsy and investigated their seizures with simultaneous EEG and videotape recording. A 2-year-old boy showed peculiar head-nodding behavior towards bright light before he manifested myoclonic absence or myoclonic seizures. A 14-month-old infant girl showed blinking in front of the television set before myoclonic jerks developed. Neither head nodding nor blinking was associated with paroxysmal discharges. We concluded that such preictal behavior was not part of the seizure.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

EEG topography in porencephaly and arachnoid cyst.

With the topographic EEG mapping method, the correlation between the morphologic abnormality of the brain and its functional changes was investigated in 13 patients with porencephaly and arachnoid cyst verified by CT scan. The spatial distribution of the EEG activity was displayed in the delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 frequency bands. The abnormality of EEG topographic images (e.g., an increase of the power of delta activity and/or a decrease of the power of alpha activity in the involved side of the brain) was more marked in cases with porencephaly than those with arachnoid cyst, and in cases with mental retardation or paralysis than among those without.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Epileptic nystagmus associated with typical absence seizures.

A 10-year-old girl was reported who showed horizontal nystagmus in association with typical absence and 3-cycles/s generalized, bisynchronous spike-and-wave discharges. In view of the general concept that epileptic nystagmus is a manifestation of partial seizures, the occurrence of such an association deserves documentation.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Subclinical delta status in the newborn--an unfavorable prognostic sign.

A hitherto undescribed, unusual EEG abnormality invariably associated with a poor prognosis was reported and was called subclinical delta status. It consisted of continuous discharges of high voltage monomorphic or polymorphic delta activity occurring diffusely but often asynchronously in all leads, without sleep cycles. These discharges when monomorphic may be confused with respiratory artefacts, and when polymorphic they may be mistaken for part of the background activity. Four neonates with this abnormality all had intracranial bleeding and were mechanically ventilated because of frequent apneic attacks. Staring or deviation of the eyes was frequently observed during the EEG recording. A small dose of intravenous diazepam temporarily abolished this activity. Three infants died and the other survived with neurological sequelae.

Delta Rhythm↗
PubMed1983

REM sleep prevents sudden infant death syndrome.

Near-miss events were observed to occur in indeterminate sleep in a preterm infant reaching term at 6 weeks after birth. Moreover, prolonged sleep apnea and periodic respiration were frequently encountered in non-REM sleep. In view of the observation that pathologic sleep apnea occurs in non-REM sleep and the apparently contradictory findings of respiratory depression and more frequent apneas during REM sleep, apneic episodes during REM sleep were analysed in relation to phasic REM events. The frequent occurrence of respiratory pauses in REM burst-free periods of REM sleep suggests that tonic REM mechanisms inhibit respiratory neurons, while phasic REM mechanisms are facilitatory and protect an infant from prolonged sleep apnea.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in children led to the following results. 1. Ceftizoxime compared favorably with cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) for in vitro activity against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (31 strains), Escherichia coli (29), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16). While somewhat less active against S. aureus than CEZ and CMZ, ceftizoxime was far more active than these 2 cephalosporin antibiotics against the test strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which included strains resistant to the 2 drugs. Ceftizoxime was not particularly active against Ps. aeruginosa, but this seeming disadvantage was offset by the absolute ineffectiveness of the 2 reference drugs on this obstinate organism. 2. The time course of mean serum ceftizoxime levels in 3 pediatric patients of 5--10 years old given a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg was as follows: 45.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 40.4 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 22.1 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 10.4 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 2.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 0.9 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean serum half life was 1.12 hours. The mean urinary levels of ceftizoxime at serial 2-hour collection intervals were as follows: 2,477 micrograms/ml for 1--2 hours, 1,235 micrograms/ml for 2--4 hours and 462 micrograms/ml for 4--6 hours. The mean urinary recovery up to 6 hours was 61.0%. 3. The clinical response of 28 children with infection to ceftizoxime treatment was 'excellent' in 22 children, 'good' in 4, and 'poor' in 2. These children comprised 11 with acute pneumonia, 3 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute pyelonephritis, 2 each with acute purulent arthritis and acute enterocolitis, and 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis, furunculosis, subcutaneous abscess, subdural abscess and sepsis. The overall rate of effectiveness was 92.9%. Successfully eradicated strains in the bacteriological sense consisted of 4 strains each of H. influenzae and E. coli, 1 strain each of P. morganii, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, 1 of the 2 strains of S. enteritidis, and 1 of the 3 strains of S. aureus. The overall rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 81.3%. No clinical side effects were observed. Changes in laboratory test findings included slightly and transiently elevated GOT and GPT in 1 child and GOT alone in another child.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Evaluation of cefotiam in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Studies on the antibacterial activity, absorption and excretion and also clinical investigation in the field of pediatrics have been carried out with cefotiam (SCE-963, CTM), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. 1) The MICs of CTM against the following clinical isolates were measured and compared with those of CEZ: S. aureus (81 strains), E. coli (27) and K. pneumoniae (27), with CTM being inferior by 1 tube in S. aureus, being superior by 2 to 3 tubes in E. coli and by about 2 - 3 tubes in K. pneumoniae. 2) Absorption and excretion. After intravenous one shot injection at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, the peak in the serum concentration was shown in the 15-minute value with 18.1 and 36.6 mcg/ml for 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The half-life in ;the serum was 1.14 and 0.61 hours, respectively. In the case of 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at a dose level of 10 mg/kg, it was 14.3 mcg/ml, with 0.98-hour half-life in the serum. The recovery rates from the urine within 0 to 6 hours were 50.6% and 66.2% in the case of intravenous one shot injection at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively, with 71.1% in the case of the 1-hour intravenous drip infusion. 3) Two to 3 hours after intravenous one shot injection of CTM in H. influenzae-meningitis every 4 hours at a dose level of 62.5 mg/kg at one time, the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of CTM was only 2.12 to 10.0 mcg/ml, and this fact suggests that CTM is a useful cephalosporin for treating purulent meningitis. 4) CTM was administered in 19 clinical cases, with the results being: excellent in 4 out of 4 cases of bronchitis; excellent in 5 and good in 1 out of 6 cases of pneumonia; excellent in 3 cases of pyelitis; good in purulent parotitis, purulent meningitis and bacterial pericarditis; and excellent in peritonsillar abscess, purulent osteomyelitis and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.). No side effects have been observed in all cases. As for abnormal laboratory findings, 3 cases of eosinophilia were seen.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies on 6059-S in children (author's transl)].

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on 6059-S in the field of pediatrics, a new semi-synthetic 1-oxacephem antibiotic, and results were as follows. 1. MICs of 6059-S were compared with those of cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) on 31 strains of S. aureus, 29 strains of E. coli, 30 strains of K. pneumoniae and 16 strains of P. aeruginosa. With the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml an 10(6) cells/ml, the peak of distribution of MICs were S. aureus 6.25, 3.13 micrograms/ml, E. coli 0.2, 0.1 micrograms/ml, K. pneumoniae 0.2, 0.05 micrograms/ml and P. aeruginosa 12.5, 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. MICs 6059-S against S. aureus was more less 2 to 3 tubes than CEZ and CMZ, but against E. coli and K. pneunoniae were more higher than 3 to 4 tubes than CEZ and CMZ. 2. The serum concentrations and urinary recovery rate of 6059-S were measured in 5 pediatric patients. 6059-S was given 20 mg/kg by an intravenous injection to 2 cases or a 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion to 3 cases. The mean concentration of the former were 64.3, 44.3, 26.8, 11.7 and 5.0 micrograms/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, and T 1/2 was 1.51 hours. The urinary recovery rates was 75.0% within 6 hours after the injections. The mean concentration of the latter were 65.3, 86.3, 63.0, 40.3, 17.8 and 8.9 micrograms/ml at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, and T 1/2 was 1.63 hours. The urinary recovery rates was 52.1% within 6 hours after the injection. 3. Eleven cases with acute pneumonia, 1 case with acute bronchitis, 3 cases with acute purulent tonsillitis, 1 case with acute purulent parotitis and 1 case subcutaneous abscess were treated with 6059-S by intravenous injection. All cases were above effective clinically. Five strains of H. influenzae, 3 strains of S. pneumoniae, 2 strains of S. pyogenes and 1 strain of S. aureus were eradicated in all strains. No clinical adverse reaction and abnormal laboratory findings were noted.

Age Factors↗