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Biomedical subjects

K J Wiessmann

Publications and source records attributed to K J Wiessmann.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Clinical results in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis with ambroxol in comparison with bromhexine (author's transl)].

Preclinical studies of trans-4-[(2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)-amino]-cyclohexanol hydrochloride (ambroxol, NA 872), the metabolite VIII of bromhexine, show that it is superior to the basic substance with respect to its bronchosecretolytic properties. In a double blind study 30 patients suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis received in randomized order 36 mg bromhexine/d or 45 mg ambroxol/d, each over a period of 4 weeks. The following parameters were studied: mean bronchial flow resistance, forced expiratory volume, static lung volumes, arterial blood gases as well as clinical and laboratory results. Bromhexine was not associated with a change in lung function parameters. Ambroxol was associated with a 25% reduction of the average bronchial flow resistance. The forced expiratory volume improved over the period on the average by 14%. Patients with slight arterial hypoxemia had an increase in the partial pressure of arterial oxygen. The patients found both substances facilitated expectoration. Further studies appear necessary to confirm the improved respiratory performance under the influence of ambroxol.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Lung functions and blood levels after parenteral administration of theophylline-ethylenediamine (author's transl)].

Theophylline-ethylenediamine (Euphyllin) was given to 45 patients with various degrees of obstructive airway disease, eight receiving 0.24 g i.v., 22 an infusion of 0.72 g over four hours, and 15 an i.m. injection of 0.36 g. Lung-functions, pulmonary artery pressures and - in several cases - theophylline blood levels were measured. The specific bronchial flow resistance was reduced in all patients, by 30% on average, without any significant correlation to the blood level. Ventilation rose by about 15%, while arterial pCO2 and mean pulmonary arterial pressure fell significantly. No effect on respiratory failure to the existing pulmonary hypertension was demonstrated in three patients with decompensated chronic cor pulmonale with 0.72 g by a four-hour infusion. After i.v. or i.m. injection of the same dose theophylline blood levels were at the lower range of effective concentration, which is thought to lie around 5-15 microgram/ml plasma. The results indicate that a specially effective and lasting therapy can be achieved with an initial dose of 0.24 g Euphyllin followed by continuous infusion of 0.72 g over 6-8 hours.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of long-term oral administration of a bronchodilator, a sustained-release aminophylline preparation, on pulmonary function (author's transl)].

Various aspects of pulmonary function were measured in eight patients with chronic bronchial obstructive disease, after five-month oral administration of a sustained-release aminophylline preparation (BY 108: Euphyllin retard). In addition to a sustained bronchodilator effect there was an improvement in static pulmonary volumes and a marked increase in forced expiratory volumes. The reduction in residual volume and of midcapacity is felt to be of particular importance in the prevention of pulmonary emphysema.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of slow-release aminophylline on pulmonary function in obstructive respiratory disease(author's transl)].

The effects on pulmonary function of a slow-release preparation of an oral broncholytic drug (containing 350 mg aminophylline, released over eight hours) was tested on 26 patients in a double-blind trial. There was a marked reduction of airway resistance and stimulation of breathing with decreased dynamic work of breathing. Distinctly improved alveolar function was demonstrated especially in a fall of arterial CO2 tension, but in some cases there was probably an increase in distribution abnormality. Central haemodynamic changes with a decreased in pulmonary artery pressure and changes in the other values lasted for more than ten hours on the first day of treatment, and were demonstrable on the fourth day even before the drug was taken that day. The criteria of an effective broncholytic slow-release drug with sustained effect were thus fulfilled.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with opportunistic and nonopportunistic bacterial pneumonia.

In 29 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, 24 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia and 35 patients with pneumonia in the immunocompromised host the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with quantitative bacterial and fungal cultures was studied; 32 patients with noninfectious pulmonary diseases and 14 healthy volunteers served as controls. An infectious etiology could be established in 81% of the pneumonia patients without differences between the three groups; significant infection was associated with colony counts of > or = 10(4) cfu/ml. Prior antibiotic therapy lowered the yield of BAL culture only in community-acquired pneumonia (94% vs 55% positive cultures in untreated vs pretreated patients, p < 0.02). Furthermore the culture results were related to the radiographic extension of pulmonary infiltrates (92% positive cultures in multilobar vs 54% in lobar or segmental infiltrates, p < 0.001). Therapeutic consequences of BAL were shown by resistance of the isolated organisms to predefined empiric treatment regimens in 41% community-acquired pneumonia, 43% pneumonia in the immunocompromised host and 67% hospital-acquired pneumonia patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapy of pneumologic diseases in the aged].

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), especially obstructive bronchitis and obstructive lung emphysema, are the most common pulmonary diseases of the elderly. In around 10% of over 65's they cause the death of the individual. The aetiology of these phenomena is still not clear. In pathophysiological terms, a loss in lung function occurs during the natural process of aging, pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease and other environmental factors. Any reduction in function of other organ systems must be taken into consideration when ordering therapeutical measures in treating COLD. The following stepwise-orientated scheme can be recommended in the treatment of COLD in elderly patients: Theophylline, beta 2-adrenergic agents, Anticholinergic drugs, Corticoid therapy, Mucolytica and secretolytica, Physiotherapy, Measures to increase arterial pO2 - either with oxygen therapy at home or with Almitrin, Antibiotica.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗