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Biomedical subjects

K Jobst

Publications and source records attributed to K Jobst.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

SPECT perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a clinical-pathologic study.

OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have suggested that temporoparietal hypoperfusion seen on brain imaging with SPECT may be useful in diagnosing AD during life. However, these studies have often been limited by lack of pathologic validation and unrepresentative samples. The authors performed this study to determine whether SPECT imaging provides diagnostically useful information in addition to that obtained from a clinical examination. METHODS: Clinical data and SPECT images were collected prospectively, and patients were followed to autopsy. Clinical history, pathologic findings, and SPECT images were each evaluated by raters blind to other features, and clinical and SPECT diagnoses were compared with pathologic diagnoses. The study population consisted of 70 patients with dementia, followed to autopsy; 14 controls followed to autopsy; and 71 controls (no autopsy performed). The primary outcome was the likelihood of a pathologic diagnosis of AD given a positive clinical diagnosis, a positive SPECT diagnosis, and both. RESULTS: When all participants (patients and controls) were included in the analysis, the clinical diagnosis of "probable" AD was associated with an 84% likelihood of pathologic AD. A positive SPECT scan raised the likelihood of AD to 92%, whereas a negative SPECT scan lowered the likelihood to 70%. SPECT was more useful when the clinical diagnosis was "possible" AD, with the likelihood of 67% without SPECT, 84% with a positive SPECT, and 52% with a negative SPECT. Similar results were found when only patients with dementia were included in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the evaluation of dementia, SPECT imaging can provide clinically useful information indicating the presence of AD in addition to the information that is obtained from clinical evaluation.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Kinetics of aluminum absorption and serum concentration in chronic renal insufficiency].

After administration of a single dose of an aluminium containing antacid (Tisacid) to eight non dialysis patients in various stages of chronic renal insufficiency, the kinetics of serum aluminium absorption was studied. Serum aluminium peaked at two points of time, aluminium absorption being biphasic in renal patients comparing with monophasic kinetic in controls. At the same time, already at 24 hrs after Tisacid ingestion, the aluminium concentration was almost twice as high as initially even in mild renal insufficiency. These results are at variance with the rapidly reversible, monophasic aluminium absorption observed earlier in healthy subjects and in non-renal patients with duodenal ulcer. To ward off complications, a strong warning is given against administration of any aluminium-containing medicament or food to subjects with reduced renal function.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Acupuncture for chronic asthma.

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has traditionally been used to treat asthma in China and is used increasingly for this purpose internationally. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of acupuncture for the treatment of asthma or asthma-like symptoms. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register, the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field trials register and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and possibly randomised trials using acupuncture to treat asthma and asthma-like symptoms. Acupuncture could involve the insertion of needles or other forms of stimulation of acupuncture points. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial quality was assessed by at least two reviewers independently. A reviewer experienced in acupuncture assessed the adequacy of the sham acupuncture. Study authors were contacted for missing information. MAIN RESULTS: Seven trials involving 174 people were included. Trial quality varied and results were inconsistent. No statistically significant or clinically relevant effects were found for acupuncture compared to sham acupuncture. However the points used in the sham arm of some studies are used for the treatment of asthma according to traditional Chinese medicine. Only one study used individualised treatment strategies. Lung function could be compared statistically in only 3 trials. Peak expiratory flow rate showed a statistically insignificant increase of 8.4 litres/minute weighted mean difference (95% confidence interval -29.4 to 46.2) when acupuncture was compared to sham acupuncture. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to make recommendations about the value of acupuncture in asthma treatment. Further research needs to consider the complexities and different types of acupuncture.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2000

Dementia with Lewy bodies: a pure case.

A pure case of autopsy-confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is described. The patient presented with distinctive verbal fluency deficits in the context of mild language impairment, intact recognition memory, and impaired paragraph recall. Neuroimaging (CT and SPECT) showed progressive medial temporal lobe atrophy. Neuropathology revealed Lewy bodies, degeneration in the substantia nigra, nucleus basalis of Meynert (Nakano & Hirano, 1984), and locus ceruleus, but no pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. It is in this sense that the case is "pure" DLB. Early neuropsychological diagnosis of DLB is essential (Salmon et al., 1996) given the potentially fatal hazard of neuroleptics (McKeith et al., 1992) and the difficulties associated with clinical neurological diagnoses (Litvan et al., 1998).

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The kinetics of aluminium-containing antacid absorption in man.

The kinetics of aluminium absorption were determined in patients with duodenal ulcer and in 2 normal males after taking the antacid Tisacid (Biogal, Hungary). A peak serum aluminium of 54.5 micrograms/l was reached at 30 min, returning to the initial value of 6.8 micrograms/l at 3 h after the oral intake. Urinary but not serum aluminium increased in parallel to the amount of drug taken. The serum Al values are considerably influenced by the time of sampling. Owing to the rapid absorption and excretion of aluminium, there appears to be no danger of aluminium deposits in the tissues or of neurological alterations, provided renal function is normal.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Differences in nonenzymatic glycation of histones.

Time course of glucose binding by histone Hl and total histones was followed in isolated histone preparations and in thymus nuclei. In both cases the uptake of glucose by Hl was surprisingly high in contrast to a much lower uptake of glucose by total histones. DNA is not implicated in glycation of histones in nuclei.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The kinetics of the addition of glucose and acetaldehyde to histone proteins.

The time-course of the reaction of H1 and total histone with glucose, acetaldehyde or both has been studied using the NBT reduction test and fluorescence. With both methods, purified H1 histone gave higher absorbance with acetaldehyde than with a 1:1 combination of glucose and acetaldehyde. For total histone, the opposite was found; a 1:1 combination of the above two aldehydes had the higher absorbance. As an explanation, the possibility of different reactivity of the amino groups with glucose and acetaldehyde is proposed. A possible simultaneous interaction between glucose, acetaldehyde and serum protein, mainly albumin, may alter the results of the diagnostic protein glycation methods, e.g. of the fructosamine test, and, therefore, also the monitoring of diabetes.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1993

Non-enzymatic glycation of histones.

2-(2-Furoyl)-5-(2-furanyl)-1H-imidazole (FFI) is detected in total histones and the lysine-rich histone 1 fraction isolated from calf thymus after in vitro glycation and hydrolysis with HCl, using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis. The finding suggests that glucose is bound to the epsilon-amino groups of the lysine residues of the histones. No FFI is monitored in native histone samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Identification of basic nuclear proteins by their boronate complex.

A new histochemical reaction for the identification of histone type basic proteins has been developed. Carbonyldiimidazol is used to activate the basic proteins of TCA-extracted nuclei, their m-aminophenylboronic acid complex is prepared, and the DNA-free, histone-containing nuclei are stained with toluidine blue at pH 5.5.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Low-level chemoluminescence as a marker of ischemic myocardial damage].

The low level chemiluminescence of intact and ischemic tissue homogenate of rat and dog heart have been investigated with luminometry. The t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced photoemission is increased in ischemic state and strict differences may be determined between the intact and ischemic samples. The light burst is intensiver in the infarct vs. intact region. On the other hand, the subendocardial layers show higher chemiluminescence.

Animals↗