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Biomedical subjects

K Kalimo

Publications and source records attributed to K Kalimo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Patch test reactions in atopic patients.

Patch testing was carried out in 851 atopic patients; 181 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients were additionally tested with 50% dilutions of the test substances. The occurrence of allergic and irritant reactions was frequent, being 57% and 33% for AD patients aged 28-41 years and 19-27 years, respectively. Among age-matched allergic rhinitis (AR)/allergic conjunctivitis (AC) or asthma (A) patients, the number of allergic reactions varied from 25 to 30%, and for irritant reactions was 24%. In all groups, nickel, fragrance-mix, balsam of Peru and neomycin were the commonest allergens. Contact allergy to ingredients of topical medicaments was common among AD patients and patients with severe and long-lasting dermatitis were most frequently sensitized. However, sensitivity to multiple substances was not common among those patients. The number of irritant reactions was considerable, but 50% dilution of the test substances did not solve the problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Elimination diet in young children with atopic dermatitis.

Thirteen children with severe current atopic dermatitis unresponsive to topical treatment were started on an elimination diet. One child was excluded because she could only keep to the diet for 3 days. Twelve children aged 0.8-4.1 years maintained the diet for 2-4 weeks. In six children the dermatologist's score showed a clear improvement while on diet, in 2 children there was a minor improvement and in 4 children the dermatologist's score did not change during elimination diet. Challenges were performed with egg, milk and wheat in 6 children and with milk and wheat in 2 children. The challenges were done in an open way except for the dermatologist, who was unaware of which food the child had received. No child in the study had an immediate reaction but 3 children had late reactions, one after egg, one after milk and one child after challenge with wheat.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A non-invasive chamber sampling technique for HPLC analysis of human epidermal urocanic acid isomers.

A new, non-invasive chamber sampling technique for HPLC analysis of human epidermal urocanic acid isomers is described. Easily processed samples are obtained in a rapid and non-invasive manner, without discomfort to the patient. HPLC data from chamber samples are reproducible, and recorded urocanic acid isomer levels are comparable to those measured in samples taken with tape stripping technique.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

Prognosis of atopic dermatitis. A prospective study in early adulthood.

The course and development of atopic symptoms were followed up in 801 atopic dermatitis patients, in 207 allergic rhinitis or asthma patients, and in 517 control subjects. The patients were studied in the Dermatology Clinic during their teens and the follow-up studies were carried out at the ages of 22-41. Persistent or frequently relapsing dermatitis occurred in 77-91% of those who suffered from severe or moderate atopic dermatitis during their teens and in more than one half of those patients who only had mild dermatitis at the corresponding age. Atopic dermatitis had started in 13-17% of allergic rhinitis/asthma patients. At the time of the follow-up examination, severe dermatitis was seen in only six percent and moderate symptoms in 35% of atopic dermatitis patients. Dermatitis was generally seen in multiple loci: on the face, hands, extremities, and body. Deterioration of dermatitis in autumn and winter was experienced by one third to 88% of the atopic dermatitis patients. Psychic stress was experienced as a major aggravating factor in one half to two thirds of atopic dermatitis patients. Prick test positivity occurred in 62-89% of the dermatitis patients. Animal allergens, molds, grasses, birch, and house dust mite were the most common allergens. Associations between evident allergen exposure and deterioration of the dermatitis occurred in individual cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lymphocyte migration into the skin: the role of lymphocyte homing receptor (CD44) and endothelial cell antigen (HECA-452).

Lymphocyte migration into the lymphoid organs and sites of inflammation is controlled by lymphocyte-endothelial cell interaction at sites where lymphocytes exit from the blood. Expression of Hermes-defined CD44 class of lymphocyte homing receptor and HECA-452 antigen specific for high-endothelium-mediating physiologic lymphocyte extravasation was studied in dermatitis herpetiformis, celiac disease, psoriasis, mycosis fungoides, lymphocytosis cutis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis. Also, duodenal biopsies of patients suffering from dermatitis herpetiformis or celiac disease were studied for existence of these antigens. Infiltrating lymphocytes in the skin and in the duodenal area expressed homing receptor molecules when studied with monoclonal antibodies, Hermes-1 and Hermes-3, that recognize the CD44 class of molecules involved in lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules in peripheral lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues, and inflamed synovium. However, the HECA-452 antigen was not detected on the venules, neither in the skin nor in the duodenum. Even the venules possessing high endothelium morphologically were HECA-452 negative. These findings suggest the CD44 class of lymphocyte homing receptor(s) is also involved in lymphocyte homing to inflamed skin and the duodenal area of the gut. However, on the basis of HECA-452 staining, high endothelial venules in inflamed skin and duodenum are not antigenically identical with high endothelial venules in organized lymphoid tissues. This finding indirectly supports the idea that molecules and/or mechanisms mediating lymphocyte extravasation might be distinct in these organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

IgE, IgA and IgG antibodies and delayed skin response towards Candida albicans antigens in atopics with and without saprophytic growth.

Immunoblotting and RAST were used to analyse IgE, IgA and IgG responses to antigens of Candida albicans. These were compared with the delayed skin response and C. albicans carriage in 40 atopic subjects. The majority of the atopic patients showed a strong IgG and IgA antibody response towards mannan, a carbohydrate, but only occasionally to proteins. Altogether 22 of the 40 patients showed specific IgE towards C. albicans by immunoblotting. The IgE response was mainly towards proteins, particularly to ones with molecular weights of 29 kD and 46 kD, and only in eight out of 22 IgE-positive subjects towards mannan. The IgG and IgA responses to mannan and the total IgE response towards C. albicans assessed by RAST showed an association with C. albicans carriage, whereas the delayed skin response showed an inverse relationship. The immunological parameters characteristic of C. albicans carriage were found to be C. albicans-specific depressed delayed skin response and elevated IgE, IgA and IgG responses. This situation in the atopics presenting such parameters may favour simultaneous sensitization and exposure by colonization. The degree of sensitization may be sufficiently high to produce symptomatic allergy, such as asthma, in some individuals during occasional overgrowth of C. albicans, e.g. due to antibiotic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nickel sensitivity and the course of atopic dermatitis in adulthood.

The course of dermatitis was followed in nickel-sensitive and nickel-negative atopic and non-atopic patients. Manifest dermatitis was seen in 70% of the nickel-allergic and in 64% of the nickel-negative female atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Those atopic subjects who had minor symptoms in their teens suffered more from dermatitis if they had developed nickel allergy (p less than 0.025). Hands and the head region were the most common sites for current dermatitis in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Parental education in the treatment of childhood atopic eczema.

To evaluate the role of health education in the treatment of childhood atopic eczema, an eczema school was arranged for the parents. Fifty consecutive patients (aged 4 months-6 years 2 months) with atopic eczema of varying severity were randomly assigned into two groups; one group receiving routine information given by the physician during the medical visit, and the other group also visiting a trained nurse to receive further information on eczema treatment and practical training in controlling atopic eczema. The therapeutic effect was better in the group which had received extra guidance. We suggest that systematic training in eczema treatment should be organized as an important part of eczema treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1989

The results of skin testing with food additives and the effect of an elimination diet in chronic and recurrent urticaria and recurrent angioedema.

Ninety-one subjects suffering from chronic or recurrent urticaria or recurrent angioedema of 2 months to 17 yr duration were skin-prick and scratch tested with 18 various food additives. Twenty-four of the subjects (26%) had at least one histamine equivalent skin test (ST) reaction. In contrast, only 24 (10%) of 247 non-urticaria control subjects showed comparable results. An oral provocation test with food additives was carried out on 10 of the 24 ST-positive subjects with urticaria or angioedema, but only one positive reaction, caused by benzoic acid, was recorded. All 91 subjects were advised to follow an additive-free diet. The effect of the diet was investigated with a retrospective postal survey. Twenty-three ST-positive subjects returned the questionnaire, 18 had followed the diet, and 16 (89%) of these 18 had experienced marked relief of their symptoms. Correspondingly, 42 of the 47 ST-negative subjects had followed the diet, and 17 (40%) had improved. The difference was significant (P less than 0.05). Our results suggest that skin tests with food additives can be used to measure skin hyperreactivity and that they may have a predictive value in identifying patients who will respond to an additive-free diet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

PUVA treatment of nickel contact dermatitis: effect on dermatitis, patch test sensitivity, and lymphocyte transformation reactivity.

Five females with nickel contact allergy and longstanding hand dermatitis were treated with oral methoxsalen and a series of whole-body UVA irradiations with a cumulative UVA dose of 30 to 58 J/cm2. Lymphocyte stimulation to nickel sulphate was determined prior to PUVA therapy, and monitored during the treatment and at 1 year after treatment. In 4 patients the cutaneous threshold to nickel sulphate patch testing was determined immediately post-PUVA and at 1 year. In all cases, the dermatosis cleared during the PUVA treatment. In 2 patients the immediate post-PUVA skin nickel reactivity was low compared with the 1-year follow-up value, while in 2 patients a progressive diminution of the skin reactivity was noticed. One patient was in clinical remission and had negative skin test at 1-year follow-up. In spite of diminished cutaneous sensitivity and/or clinical remission, the sensitivity of blood lymphocytes to nickel was approximately the same or increased, as determined by the lymphocyte transformation test. Thus no evidence was found to indicate that systemic, nickel-specific suppressive immune regulative mechanisms would have been activated by the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Angioedema and urticaria caused by cottonseed protein in whole-grain bread.

A 29-year-old patient developed a severe allergic reaction after eating whole-grain bread. The bread appeared to contain cotton seed-protein flour. The skin prick tests with the bread and cottonseed were strongly positive. High level of circulating antibodies of IgE class against cottonseed protein could be detected in her blood samples. It is evident that cottonseed flour is used in diverse products and can cause unexpected severe hypersensitivity reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Mast cells and IgE in intestinal mucosa in adult atopic dermatitis patients.

Duodenal biopsies from 29 adult atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with multiple positive skin prick test reactions were examined and the results compared with biopsies from 13 non-atopic controls. The duodenal mucosa showed mild inflammatory changes in six out of the 29 patients, but was normal in all the controls. Numerous anti-IgE positive cells, increasing with the severity of AD, were found in the duodenal mucosa in 25 of the 29 AD patients compared with few sporadic positive cells seen in only two out of 13 controls (P less than 0.001). The total serum IgE level showed a significant positive correlation with the number of anti-IgE stained cells in the mucosa (P less than 0.05). No significant differences were found in the total number of toluidine blue stained cells or cells immunoreactive for histamine between patients and controls. However, AD patients who had high numbers of anti-IgE positive cells often had decreased numbers of histamine immunoreactive cells in the mucosa suggesting mast cell degranulation. These findings provide further evidence that also in adult AD patients the gastrointestinal tract may serve as a portal of entry for allergens which may lead to exacerbation of AD.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Allergenic cross-reactivity of yeasts.

Yeast allergen extracts of Candida albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondi, C. humicola, C. norwegica, C. utilis, Cryptococcus albidus, Geotrichum candidum, Pityrosporon pachydermatis, P. ovale, Rhodotorula minuta, R. rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulopsis glabrata and Trichosporon cutaneum were investigated regarding their common allergenic properties. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using rabbit anti-Candida albicans antiserum showed remarkable immunological cross-reactivity only between the Candida species. However, there was a significant multiple sensitivity to the extracts of C. albicans, C. utilis, Cr. albidus, R. rubra and S. cerevisiae in skin prick testing in atopic patients, suggesting the possible presence of one or more common skin reactive allergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed1988

Relationship of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to nasopharyngeal and intestinal growth of Candida albicans in allergic subjects.

The growth of C. albicans yeast in the nasopharynx and in the anus as well as allergy symptoms were followed up for 8 months in 67 patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and/or atopic eczema. 38 of the patients were skin prick test positive and 29 negative to C. albicans allergen extract. 32 of the patients had positive and 19 negative delayed skin reactions. The nasal, bronchial and skin symptoms of the yeast-sensitive allergic patients were not associated with the nasopharyngeal nor anal occurrence of C. albicans or other yeasts. The use of nasal or inhaled steroids had no effect on the occurrence of Candida in the nasopharynx. It was observed that immediate skin sensitivity had a positive correlation and the delayed sensitivity a negative correlation with the occurrence of C. albicans growth in nasopharynx and anus. These findings are in agreement with the concept that impaired cell-mediated immunity to C. albicans may lead to increased IgE response. This may explain the increased liability towards C. albicans nasopharyngeal and gastrointestinal "saprophytic" growth.

Adult↗