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Biomedical subjects

K Kan

Publications and source records attributed to K Kan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Morphologic demonstration of tubular obstruction in acute renal failure.

We used the qualitative Hanssen technique in albino rats to seek morphologic demonstration of tubular obstruction in two types of acute renal failure: one induced by folic acid and another by methemoglobin. Immediately after the intravenous injection of folic acid, 250 mg/kg body weight, the animals became almost anuric. Two to three hours after the injection, sodium ferrocyanide remained within the proximal convoluted tubules. After the intravenous injection of methemoglobin, 0.5 to 1.0 g/kg body weight, the animals became oliguric but not anuric. Sodium ferrocyanide injected with methemoglobin was seen mainly in distal tubules and collecting ducts 2 to 3 hours after the injection. The degree of tubular dilatation was more marked in the former model than in the latter, in agreement with the degree of oliguria. These morphologic findings were taken to indicate that the above two types of acute renal failure were caused by tubular obstruction rather than by intrarenal vasoconstriction and subsequent cessation of glomerular filtration. (Am J Pathol 87:323-330, 1977).

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

Exposure of radiologists to scattered radiation during radiodiagnostic examinations.

The exposure to scattered radiation was measured on both hands, the forehead and gonads of six radiologists by means of thermoluminescent dosimeters in two fluoroscopy rooms. Exposure of the forehead was found not to exceed approximately 1% of the maximum permissible exposure (MPD) (3% pursuant to NCRP (recommendations). During examinations of the colon, the exposure of the right hand proved to be significantly higher compared to the left. There was only slight exposure to the gonads as measured behind the apron.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1975

Exposure of the radiologist to scattered radiation during angiography.

At least 90% of the exposure of a radiologist's crystalline lens and right hand to scattered radiation during angiography, investigated by thermoluminescent dosimetry, proves to be due to radiography during and immediately after manual injection of the contrast medium. Therefore, manual injection should be replaced by remotely controled injection by means of an injector. The exposure of a radiologist's gonads (measured behind a lead apron) proves negligible. At the low exposure rates to be expected, integrating measurements should be made.

Angiography↗
PubMed1974

Morphologic evidence to support the role of tubular leakage as a cause of anuria induced by meercury poisoning.

The qualitative Hanssen technic was used to study the mechanism of anuria produced in rabbits by mercury poisoning. Twenty-four to 30 hours after intravenous injection of a low dose of HgCl(2), the animals were almost completely anuric. Sodium ferrocyanide injected intravenously was visualized as Prussian blue in essentially all glomeruli in anuric kidneys, and the amount of the dye in the glomerular tufts was almost the same as in control kidneys. Thus there was no evidence for a severe reduction in glomerular capillary blood flow. Besides, the distribution of Prussian blue in tubular lumina indicated that the anuria occurred in the presence of a significant glomerular filtration. Tubular walls of the anuric kidneys showed an abnormally increased permeability to sodium ferrocyanide. These findings suggested that the anuria during this stage was caused more by tubular leakage than by intrarenal vasoconstriction and subsequent cessation of glomerular filtration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic change of reticuloendothelial system function after surgical stress.

The influence of surgical stress on the function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) is not well elucidated. Because we established an in vivo functional test for the RES by using chondroitin sulfate iron colloid in rabbits, the normal range of RES function in healthy volunteers (n = 12) and the dynamic change of RES function in surgical patients after distal gastrectomy (n = 14) were examined by this method. In healthy volunteers, the maximum phagocytic velocity and membrane-particle constant were 0.0310 +/- 0.0052 mg/kg per minute and 0.575 +/- 0.205 mg/kg, respectively. In surgical patients, maximum phagocytic velocity (postoperative day 1, 0.0408 +/- 0.0088; postoperative day 3, 0.0486 +/- 0.0115; and postoperative day 7, 0.0430 +/- 0.0115 mg/kg per minute) and membrane-particle constant (postoperative day 3, 0.717 +/- 0.169 mg/kg) significantly increased postoperatively in comparison with preoperative values. These results indicate that the total capacity of the RES is augmented but that its functional phagocytic efficiency is diminished after abdominal surgery. This phenomenon is considered to be one of the immunological alterations caused by surgical stress. The chondroitin sulfate iron colloid test can be applied to monitor the dynamic change of the RES function under various conditions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interrelation of intracellular proteases with total parenteral nutrition-induced gut mucosal atrophy and increase of mucosal macromolecular transmission in rats.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is known to induce mucosal atrophy and to increase macromolecular transmission of the small intestine. The potential participation of various proteases in that process was investigated. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the TPN group (n = 11) received a standard TPN (250 kcal/kg per day, 1.78 g nitrogen/kg per day) and the FED group (n = 10) received a standard rat food for 1 week. This was followed by an examination of gut macromolecular transmission of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 70,000 (FITC-dextran) after intragastric injection and of the activities of gut mucosal cathepsins B, H, and L and of proteasome. Mucosal wet weight and protein content decreased significantly by TPN for 1 week. In both groups, the activities of all proteases in the ileum were significantly greater than in the jejunum. In the TPN group, cathepsin L and H activities in the ileum, and cathepsin B activity in both the jejunum and the ileum, were greater than those in the FED group. The portal concentration of FITC-dextran was higher than arterial and venous concentrations in the both groups. In the TPN group, the portal FITC-dextran concentration increased significantly compared with the FED group. In conclusion, active proteolysis is not associated with TPN-induced mucosal atrophy. Cathepsins activities in the ileum increase as a result of TPN. Interrelationship is implicated between increase of lysosomal protease activity and the deterioration of the intestinal barrier function, which permits macromolecular transmission.

Animals↗