[Long-term oxygen inhalation therapy of COPD].
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Home Nursing↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kida
Publications and source records attributed to K Kida.
Identification of novel C253Y missense and Y864X nonsense mutations in the insulin receptor gene in type A insulin-resistant patients.
Mutations in the insulin receptor gene have been reported in cases of type A insulin resistance. We report herein two cases of type A insulin resistance, which involve some novel mutations. Case 1 is a heterozygote of the C253Y missense mutation and case 2 is a heterozygote of the Y864X nonsense mutation. In the C253Y missense mutation in exon 3, a cysteine residue is replaced with tyrosine in the cysteine-rich domain of the alpha subunit. The Y864X in exon 13 results in a truncated receptor, which is devoid of most of the beta subunit. This mutant receptor could not be expressed on a cell membrane since the transmembrane domain is missing. Other significant mutations were not found for the entire coding regions and splice/donor sites.
Adolescent↗
[A clinical study of the usefulness of assessing dyspnea in healthy elderly subjects].
Dyspnea is a major clinical symptom of various respiratory diseases. However, no objective assessment of dyspnea on exertion (DOE) in elderly subjects has been established yet. Furthermore, the factors which may influence DOE in healthy elderly subjects have not yet been precisely elucidated. An oxygen cost diagram (OCD), which was originally developed by McGavin (1978), is one of the methods of assessing dyspnea on exertion in a semi-quantitative way, although it is still uncertain which factor (s) might influence the changes in OCD values. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to study; 1) whether OCD values are useful for the assessment of DOE in elderly subjects, and 2) the possible factors (s) which might contribute to changes in OCD values in these patients. The total number of subjects which were enrolled in the present study was 818, consisting of 355 men and 463 women, whose mean age was 76.4 years old, was studied. Spirometry, arterial blood gases and OCD values were measured on the same day. The OCD value and FEV(1.0) declined linearly with advanced aging. It was found that the factors which significantly reduce OCD values were as follows: aging, vital capacity, FEV(1.0), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV). The odd ratio which contributes to changes in OCD values was calculated. It appeared that there was a gender difference: when the odd ratio of OCD values of less than 70 was taken as 1 in the men, the odd ratio in women was calculated as 1.42. The odd ratio increased with advancing age; when the value in the 65~69 year-old group was 1, the odd ratios in the 85~89 year-old and 90~94 year-old groups were in approximately 6 and 8, respectively. Similarly, the odd ratio increased parallel with reduction in MVV. From these results, we conclude that the OCD value is reliable, simple and the best method of evaluating dyspnea in elderly subjects semi-quantitatively, and both the minute ventilatory volume and age are closely related with changes in OCD values.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Familial predisposition of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Japan, a country with low incidence. Japan Diabetes Society Data Committee for Childhood Diabetes.
The study group of the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS) carried out nationwide hospital-based and population-based surveys of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Japan. According to the nationwide population-based survey, the incidence of childhood type 1 DM in Japan was 1.5 (1.4-1.6)/10(5), which did not differ for the 5 years from 1986-1990. Predisposition for DM and autoimmunity were studied in the first-degree relatives of the patients, including older and later cohorts. The prevalence of type 1 DM was 3.3% (12/369) among siblings and 2.2% (8/369) among parents, while the prevalence of type 2 DM was 0% among siblings and 4.3% (16/369) among parents. The risk of type 1 DM among siblings of the patients was 330 times higher than that among the general population in the Japanese population. The rate of positivity for autoantibodies, including ICA, IAA, GAD and IA-2, was 1.4-2.9% in parents (n=140) and 2.0-3.9% in siblings (n=203). The genetic susceptibility for type 1 DM is far lower in Japanese children than in Caucasian children, but predisposition to the disease and positive autoimmunity are almost the same in Japanese families of patients as in Caucasian families. The quality of life of Japanese parents of children with type 1 DM was less satisfactory that that of the Caucasian parents previously reported, which might be a result of the low incidence of type 1 DM in Japan.
Child↗
[Two elderly patients with sarcoidosis and Sjögren's syndrome].
Two elderly patients with sarcoidosis complicated with Sjögren's syndrome are described. Case 1: A 70-year-old woman was admitted due to dry eyes. Histological examination of a minor salivary gland specimen revealed lymphocytic infiltration, which was compatible with Sjögren's syndrome. Because uveitis was demonstrated, transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) was performed, to confirm a diagnosis of lung sarcoidosis. Histological examination of TBLB showed non-caseating granulomas compatible with sarcoidosis. Case 2: A 70-year-old woman was admitted due to dyspnea on exercise and blurred vision. Two years previously, Sjögren's syndrome was diagnosed because of a positive Shirmer test and positive SS-A antibody. Result of ophthalmic examination were compatible with uveitis. Histological examination of TBLB showed non-caseating granulomas compatible with sarcoidosis. Certain similarities between sarcoidosis and Sjögren's syndrome in terms of immunological aspects have attracted attention. In the present manuscript, a possible relationship between the two diseases as well as the characteristics of elderly sarcoidosis are discussed.
Aged↗
Factors determining outcome in elderly patients with severe COPD on long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy.
The objective of the present study was to identify factors that determine outcome in elderly patients receiving long term domiciliary oxygen therapy (LTOT) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One hundred fifty-seven COPD patients (121 male, 36 female) receiving LTOT were followed-up from 1983 to 1994. Univariate and multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards ratio model and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to quantify the relationship among a total of 34 baseline variables and overall mortality. By December 31, 1995, 96 patients (61.2%) had died and 13 (8.3%) were unavailable for follow up. Mean age of the patients was 79.2 yrs and mean duration of LTOT was 2.81 yrs. The mean FEV1 was 0.80 L and mean FEV1/FVC was 48%. The overall survival was poor and 5-yr survival was 21.6% (median survival: 3.01 yrs). Among the variables tested by univariate analysis, factors associated with poor outcome were as follows: %IBW < or = 85 (HR = 2.15, p < 0.001), serum albumin (g/dl) < or = 3.5 (1.81, p < 0.01), hemoglobin (g/dl) < or = 11.0 (1.86, p < 0.01), FEV1/FVC > 50% (0.63, p < 0.05), and high dyspnea ranking (grade 4 or 5) (1.74, p < 0.05). The coexistence of bronchiectasis (3.96, p < 0.01) and malignancy (1.85, p < 0.01) also contributed to poor outcome. Multivariate analysis showed that independent prognostic factors influencing outcome included: nutritional status (%IBW) (HR = 2.08, p < 0.01), dyspnea ranking (2.04, p < 0.01), coexistence of malignancy (2.02, p < 0.01), and FEV1/FVC (0.52, p < 0.01). We conclude that the outcome in elderly COPD patients receiving LTOT is poor, and that outcome is independently influenced by four major factors: malnutrition, severity of dyspnea, coexistence of malignancy, and airflow obstruction.
Aged↗
Generation of lipid peroxyl radicals from edible oils and their biological activities: a need for consideration for anti-radical components and purification processing.
Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH or oxidized oils) are known as unfavorable food components. Molecular details of the fate and mechanisms of LOOH to exert adverse effects in vivo are, however, little understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that LOOH generated alkylperoxyl radical (LOO*) after reaction with various heme compounds such as myoglobin, cytochrome c, hemin, hematin, etc., but little formation of other radical species was noticed such as L* or LO*. It was also shown that LOO* thus formed exhibits cytotoxicity and caused DNA damages including strand breakage and abasic site formation. This highly toxic LOO* is effectively scavenged by hot water extracts of vegetable (soup), flavonoids, polyphenols as well as tocopherols. Another important finding is that crude vegetable oils are rich in potent-LOO* scavenging activity, which exhibits potent anti-oxidant activity as well; whereas highly purified oils are scanty in such components and LOO* scavenging activity. These findings imply that a considerate processing in the refining of oils should be needed to retain such potent endogenous anti-oxidative radical scavenging-components.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Improvement of peripheral neuropathy with oral prednisolone in Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
Neutralization of feline infectious peritonitis virus: preparation of monoclonal antibody that shows cell tropism in neutralizing activity after viral absorption into the cells.
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) infection of feline macro-phages is enhanced by mouse anti-FIPV monoclonal antibody (MAb). This anti-body-dependent enhancement (ADE) of FIPV infection is dependent on mouse MAb subclass, and MAb of IgG2a subclass has a strong ADE activity. Furthermore, MAb showing strong neutralizing activity in Felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells and Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) cells shows strong enhancing activity in feline macrophages, indicating that the neutralizing epitope and the enhancing epitope are closely related. In this study, we prepared MAb FK50-4 that showed a strong neutralizing activity in feline macrophages, despite the fact that the MAb belonged to the IgG2a subclass. However, MAb FK50-4 did not exhibit neutralizing activity in CrFK cells or fcwf-4 cells, thus showing a very unusual property. MAb FK50-4 recognized FIPV small integral membrane glycoprotein (M protein). Even when feline macrophages were pretreated with MAb FK50-4 prior to FIPV inoculation, this antibody prevented FIPV infection. This reaction disappeared after treatment of FK50-4 with protein A. The neutralizing activity of FK50-4 was also effective on feline macrophages after the cells were inoculated with FIPV. These findings indicated that the FIPV replication mechanism differs between feline macrophages and CrFK/fcwf-4 cells and that a neutralizing epitope that can prevent FIPV infection of feline macrophages after viral absorption is present on M protein.
Absorption↗
Studies on feline CD8+ T cell non-cytolytic anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) activity.
CD8+ T cells in FIV-infected cats inhibit feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) replication by producing a soluble factor(s). In the present study, four SPF cats were experimentally infected with FIV. The period during which the anti-FIV activity of CD8+ T cells became detectable was investigated, and the presence or absence of this activity in the lymph nodes and spleen was examined. Furthermore, we investigated which step(s) of the FIV replication cycle are affected by this antiviral activity. This antiviral activity became detectable five weeks after FIV infection in early cases, and it was simultaneous with or one week after the induction of humoral immunity. All cats having CD8+ T cells with anti-FIV activity in the peripheral blood also possessed CD8+ T cells with anti-FIV activity in the lymph nodes. In contrast, CD8+ T cells from the spleens of some, but not all cats showed anti-FIV activity. CD8+ T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured and reconstituted with CD8+ T cells on day 12 of culture after confirming FIV replication. The number of FIV proviral DNA copies in the cells did not change, but the amount of FIV p24 antigen production in the culture supernatant and the number of FIV mRNA copies in the cells decreased. These findings suggested that CD8+ T cell anti-FIV activity acts at the level of FIV mRNA synthesis from the FIV proviral DNA, inhibiting FIV replication by a non-cytolytic mechanism.
Animals↗
Bone mineral density and osteo sono assessment index in adolescents.
The standard value for bone mineral density in the distal radius (R-BMD) and the osteo sono assessment index (OSI) in the os calcaneus for each sex and age in teenagers have not yet been fully reported. The R-BMD and OSI of junior and senior high school students were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or by a quantitative ultrasound technique. Subjects measured by DEXA included 635 junior and senior high school students (274 males and 361 females, aged 12-17 years). Ultrasound measurements were made for 2878 subjects (1733 males, 1145 females, aged 12-18 years). All subjects filled out questionnaires about their past history, family history, past and present eating habits, sports activities, and for females, the presence of menses, regularity of menses, and so on. The R-BMD in 15- to 17-year-old males was significantly higher than that in females. The R-BMD rate of increase in males was almost linear; the rate of increase in females was significantly highest from ages 12 to 13, after which R-BMD increased gradually. The OSI in 15- to 18-year-old males was significantly higher than that in females. The OSI rate of increase in males was almost linear from ages 12 to 17. The OSI in females, except in 14-year-olds, was roughly equal at each age. The OSI was significantly higher in those who regularly participated in sports, either currently or in the past. It was significantly higher in those who previously or currently consumed milk on a daily basis compared with those who had consumed little or no milk. To prevent osteoporosis, increasing peak bone mass is very important. Adequate calcium intake from dairy products which are rich in calcium and absorbed easily, and exercise in adolescence, are expected to result in increased bone formation and increased OSI.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
Acquired hypothyroidism in a very young infant with Omenn's syndrome.
A very young male infant with Omenn's syndrome had acquired hypothyroidism that was most likely caused by autoimmune thyroiditis. The hypothyroidism appeared at 3 months of age. These 2 rare conditions have not previously been reported occurring together. This case suggests that autoimmune thyroiditis may be another abnormal finding in Omenn's syndrome.
Follow-Up Studies↗
Marriage rate and number of children among young adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Japan.
The main purpose of our study was to identify the social circumstances and lifestyle of IDDM patients in Japan. The present study focused on the marriage status of both men and women with IDDM as well as the number of children of women with IDDM. A questionnaire was sent to hospitals across the country. Doctors handed it or mailed it to IDDM patients aged 18 years or older. Unsigned answer sheets were returned directly by the patients. Data on the marriage rate and number of children were obtained, and possible factors affecting these indices were assessed. One thousand and thirteen patients (354 men and 659 women) answered the questionnaire. Both men and women with IDDM were less likely to be married in comparison with age-matched Japanese. The number of children of married IDDM women in various age groups was also lower in comparison with the general Japanese female population. Several factors other than diabetes complications including job discrimination, high medical costs, and psychological pressures, were thought to be responsible for these results.
Adult↗
Congenital neuropathy with the absence of large myelinated fibers.
Twelve patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with the absence of large myelinated fibers have been reported. All of these patients had central nervous system involvement. In this report, we describe the first patient with pure motor and sensory neuropathy with the absence of large myelinated fibers without central nervous system involvement. Morphometric analysis of the biopsied sural nerve specimen revealed extremely small myelinated fibers compared with previously reported patients. It is supposed that the cause of this disease might be the abnormal development of axons of the peripheral nerves.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Identification of biliary metabolites of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in rats.
After oral administration of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) to rats, its biliary metabolites were examined. Although a large part of the biliary metabolites was found to exist in conjugated forms, it was difficult to separate the conjugated forms. Thus the free form of biliary metabolites was prepared by beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase treatment and was purified by HPLC. Six compounds purified were subjected to FABeta-MS and NMR analyses. The six metabolites thus obtained were shown to be EGCg, 3'-O-methyl-EGCg, 4'-O-methyl-EGCg, 3' '-O-methyl-EGCg, 4' '-O-methyl-EGCg, and 4',4' '-di-O-methyl-EGCg, respectively. The six EGCg metabolites and their conjugates excreted during a 4-h period were estimated to be roughly 0.1% and 3.3% of the administered EGCg, respectively. In addition, 4' '-O-methyl-EGCg and 4',4' '-di-O-methyl-EGCg were estimated to exist only in the sulfate form, but the other four metabolites existed in both glucuronide (and/or sulfoglucuronide) and sulfate forms.
Animals↗
Killing of human Herpes virus 6-infected cells by lymphocytes cultured with interleukin-2 or -12.
BACKGROUND: Human Herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) is a causative agent of exanthema subitum and replicates mainly in lymphocytes. The aim of present study was to investigate cytotoxicity against HHV-6-infected cells by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). METHODS: Human herpes virus 6-infected and -uninfected lymphocytes were used as target cells. Killing of target cells by CBMC and PBMC was investigated by the chromium release cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS: Freshly isolated CBMC and PBMC did not lyse HHV-6-infected and -uninfected cells. When CBMC and PBMC were cultured with interleukin (IL)-2, HHV-6-infected cells were significantly lysed compared with uninfected cells. Deletion of CD16+ cells by treatment of effector cells with anti-Leu-11b (CD16) antibody with complement reduced cytotoxicity against HHV-6-infected cells and T lymphocyte-rich cells did not lyse HHV-6-infected cells. Treatment of effector cells with anti-Fas ligand antibody and treatment of HHV-6-infected cells with anti-Fas antibody reduced cytotoxicity against HHV-6-infected cells. DNA fragmentation was detected in the supernatant from HHV-6-infected cells cultured with IL-2-activated lymphocytes. Culture of CBMC and PBMC with IL-12 also enhanced cytotoxicity against HHV-6-infected cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that lymphocytes cultured with IL-2 or IL-12 mediate killing against HHV-6-infected cells and killing of HHV-6-infected cells was through apoptosis. Fas-Fas ligand interaction is one pathway by which HHV-6-infected cells are killed. Killing of HHV-6-infected cells by NK cells activated by cytokines may play a role in the recovery from HHV-6 infection in vitro.
Adult↗
Incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children aged 0-14 in Japan, 1986-1990, including an analysis for seasonality of onset and month of birth: JDS study. The Data Committee for Childhood Diabetes of the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS).
AIMS: To detect the incidence of childhood Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (0-14 years) in Japan and to find out whether there is a seasonal pattern in the onset of disease and month of birth of children with diabetes. METHODS: Ascertained data for the period 1986-1990 could be collected in 35 out of 47 local government areas representing 69.4% of the childhood population (aged 0-14 years) of Japan. RESULTS: A total of 1,260 children with Type 1 DM were identified (738 girls, 522 boys). With age there was a progressive increase in incidence from 0.7 to 2.1/10(5) in boys and from 0.6 to 3.5/10(5) in girls. With the exception of 1987, when a coxsackie B3 virus epidemic was registered, no seasonal variation in the month of onset was observed, nor was a seasonal pattern of the month of birth registered in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to European countries, the USA and Israel, the Japanese cohort of children with diabetes presents the following differences: the incidence is much lower, there is a preponderance of girls and there is (with one exception) no seasonal pattern.
Adolescent↗
Anti-rat CD45RA monoclonal antibodies cross-react with glucagon.
Anti-rat CD45RA monoclonal antibody (MAb) has been used as a marker for rat B-lymphocytes (B-cells). When we applied the MAb to identify B-lymphocytes among immune cells infiltrating pancreatic islets of the BB rat, which is an animal model for human type 1 diabetes mellitus, a subpopulation of islet cells was immunostained as well. Our immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated that the stained islet cells are pancreatic alpha-cells and the MAb cross-reacts with glucagon.
Animals↗