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Biomedical subjects

K Kida

Publications and source records attributed to K Kida.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Rapid westernization of children's blood cholesterol in 3 countries: evidence for nutrient-gene interactions?

The aim of this study was to examine potential factors that modify blood cholesterol among children in countries in which dietary and lifestyle habits are becoming westernized. Population data on serum total and lipoprotein cholesterol, anthropometric indexes, and dietary intake were reviewed and compared for children aged 1-18 y from Japan, Spain, and the United States. The data show that total serum cholesterol in Japanese and Spanish children recently exceeded the 75th percentile for US children, primarily reflecting LDL cholesterol, although both LDL and HDL cholesterol contributed. Adiposity indexes do not explain the trends observed. Total and saturated fat intakes increased substantially in both Japan and Spain but in Japan are still lower than intakes in the United States. The Hegsted equation was used to relate differences in serum cholesterol to dietary fat intake. Changes in total serum cholesterol followed established dietary correlations among children in Spain, but not in Japan. Serum cholesterol in Japanese children was predicted to be 0.20-0.32 mmol/L lower than in US children; actual concentrations were considerably higher. These results suggest that a rapid westernization of children's blood cholesterol concentrations has occurred in Japan and Spain. Changes in fat intake predict changes in blood cholesterol in Spain, but not in Japan. Differences in genetic response to diet in certain populations, such as the Japanese, may explain higher blood cholesterol concentrations with lower fat intakes compared with the United States.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in pancreatic islets of nonobese diabetic mice.

Nonobese diabetic mice develop type 1 diabetes in an age-related and gender-dependent manner. Th1 (IFN-gamma and TNF-beta) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine mRNA expression was analyzed in pancreatic islets isolated from female NOD mice with a high incidence of diabetes and male NOD mice with a low incidence of diabetes. The levels were measured at 5 time points from the onset of insulitis until the development of overt diabetes, using a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay. IFN-gamma mRNA levels were significantly higher in the islets obtained from females than those of males, from 10 weeks of age. TNF-beta mRNA was expressed in both females and males between 5 and 15 weeks of age. However, TNF-beta mRNA levels were decreased in males at 20 weeks of age. In contrast, IL-4 mRNA levels were lower in females than in males. These results suggest that islet beta-cell destruction and diabetes in female NOD mice correlates with IFN-gamma and TNF-beta production in the islets, and that male NOD mice may be protected from autoimmune beta-cell destruction by down-regulation of these cytokines. Furthermore, our findings also suggest that insulitis and beta-cell destruction are independently regulated: TNF-beta is more important in forming and maintaining the insulitis, while IFN-gamma has a more important role in beta-cell destruction.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Effects of inhaled corticosteroid in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

We examined the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid (beclomethazone dipropionate: BDP) in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eighty-six patients with COPD were divided into 3 groups: COPD treated without BDP (group 1, n = 26), COPD treated with BDP (group 2, n = 25), and BDP-treated COPD with asthmatic symptoms (group 3, n = 35). Pulmonary function test findings, symptoms, and prognosis for the 3 groups were retrospectively compared. No significant differences in yearly decline of FEV1.0 were observed. Of the patients treated with inhaled corticosteroid (groups 2 and 3), 30% exhibited improved FEV1.0. Of these patients, monthly decline of FEV1.0 correlated negatively with bronchial reversibility in FEV1.0 before and after inhalation of salbutamol (delta FEV1.0) (r = -0.28, p = 0.03). Cough and sputum scores were significantly improved in groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.01). Fewer admissions and episodes of acute exacerbation were noted in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1. From these results, we concluded that inhaled corticosteroid was effective in elderly COPD patients with bronchial reversibility and airway symptoms.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of laboratory-made sludge for an anaerobic biodegradability test and its use for assessment of 13 chemicals.

Laboratory-made sludge for a biogas based anaerobic biodegradability test was prepared as an alternative for digested sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Biodegradation activities and background gas productions of digested sludge from various WWTPs were found to vary significantly depending on the source, which adversely affected test reliability. Subsequently, test conditions such as sludge concentration and sludge washing were examined with the laboratory-made sludge and a sludge concentration of 1.0 g-SS/L without washing was determined to be most suitable. Under these conditions, biodegradability tests were conducted for 13 select chemicals and their relative toxicities to methanogenic bacteria were evaluated. The results of biodegradability tests showed that chemicals with -OH and -CH2OH radicals were readily biodegraded and those with -Cl, -NO2, -NH2, -SO3H and -CH3 had inhibited degradation responses m-nitriphenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were highly toxic to methanogenic bacteria, with m-nitrophenol completely inhibiting methane fermentation as low as 20 mg/L.

Acetates↗
PubMed1999

A complete deficiency of coagulation factor XIII A-subunit due to a novel compound heterozygote of Ser 413 Leu missense and an nt 389 (ins G) frameshift mutation.

Coagulation factor XIII consists of two A- and two B-subunits, and either gene mutation can cause a complete deficiency. In a newborn patient with persistent bleeding from the umbilical cord stump, the plasma A-subunit protein was not detectable. Direct PCR sequencing revealed an nt 389 (ins G) frameshift mutation in exon 4 resulting in a new stop codon and a Ser 413 Leu missense mutation in exon 10 in either allele. His mother and father were heterozygous for the nt 389 (ins G) and the Ser 413 Leu, respectively, with about 50% reduction of the plasma A-subunit proteins. In all family members examined only those with either mutation showed the reduced subunit A protein levels. Thus, this complete deficiency of factor XIII was due to a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the A-subunit gene.

DNA Transposable Elements↗
PubMed1999

Difference in response of NK cell activity in newborns and adult to IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15.

The killing activity of cord blood mononuclear cells (cMNC) against cytomegalovirus (CMV)-uninfected and -infected fibroblasts was comparable to that of adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (aPBMC). The killing activity of cMNC against K562 cells was significantly lower compared with that of aPBMC. Treatment of cMNC and aPBMC with interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12 or IL-15 significantly enhanced killing activity against K562 cells and CMV-uninfected and -infected cells. By comparison of cMNC with aPBMC, killing activity against the K562 cells of cMNC was augmented to the level of aPBMC when cultured with IL-2, IL-12 or IL-15. The killing activity of cMNC against CMV-uninfected and -infected fibroblasts did not increase to the level of adult PBMC by treatment with IL-2, IL-12 or IL-15. These data suggest that cord blood contains a functionally different NK cell subpopulation than that among adult NK cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Selection of antigenic variants of the S glycoprotein of feline infectious peritonitis virus and analysis of antigenic sites involved in neutralization.

The type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) epitopes for neutralizing and enhancing antibodies are present on large spike glycoprotein (S) protein. In this study, we established monoclonal antibody-resistant mutant viruses resistant to three different monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity in Felis catus whole fetus cells and enhancing activity in feline macrophages, recognizing distinct epitopes on type II FIPV S protein. By comparing the nucleotide sequences of these mutant viruses with that of wild-type virus, we attempted to identify the neutralizing epitopes. The mutations were localized in the region of amino acid residues from 480 to 649 from the N terminal of the S protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Extensive involvement of the myocardium and the cardiac conduction system in a case of Wegener's granulomatosis.

A 61-year-old female who had shown Raynaud's phenomenon and articular swelling for 10 years, was admitted to hospital because of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and dry cough. She was diagnosed by skin biopsy to have a collagen disease or overlap syndrome. Anemia developed rapidly and FUO persisted, but blood culture was negative. Although indomethacin and prednisolone were administered for the progression of clinical signs and symptoms, severe dyspnea developed, resulting in bradycardia, followed by recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia. In spite of extensive treatment for her arrhythmia she died on the 9th hospital day. An autopsy revealed generalized Wegener's granulomatosis with extensive cardiac involvement. Necrotizing angitis and severe granulomatous inflammatory foci affected characteristically the common bundle of His and right bundle branch in addition to the ordinary myocardium.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1999

[Large cell carcinoma of the lung with metastasis of the gastric submucosa].

A 66-year-old man was admitted with dyspnea on exertion and an abnormal shadow on chest roentgenogram. Transbronchial biopsy yielded a diagnosis of large cell carcinoma of the lung. His dyspnea improved following irradiation and corticosteroid treatment and one month later, he was admitted again for chemotherapy. Because occult blood in stool was detected, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. Gastric submucosal large cell carcinoma was diagnosed, and this was considered to be metastatic from the lung. Such cases diagnosed prior to death are rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Elderly outpatients' attitudes toward care in terminal stage disease].

Responses to a questionnaire regarding 1) dying at home, 2) being told of a diagnosis of cancer, and 3) hydration and nutrition, uses of narcotics for pain and dyspnea, oxygen treatment, antibiotics, transfusion and surgery in a near-vegetative state was obtained from 562 outpatients (73.4 +/- 8.6 years:mean +/- SD, men:women = 1.0:1.7). Dying at home was preferred by 64% and hospital death by 24%. Sixty and 65% of patients chose to be told of the diagnosis either in the last 3 months or at the early curable stage of the disease respectively, while only 53% wanted to be told precisely about their remaining estimated survival. If their spouse had terminal stage disease, 42% chose to inform the spouse of the diagnosis. Eighty percent chose palliative care, while 9.3% wished for intensive life-sustaining treatment. In a near vegetative state, tube feeding was desired by 8.7% and intravenous drip infusion by 39%; narcotics for pain or dyspnea were desired by 40 and 52%; oxygen or tracheostomy plus a respirator for dyspnea was chosen in 56 and 11% respectively; antibiotics for treatment of infection was desired by 38%; surgery for intestinal obstruction by 36 percent; transfusion for bleeding by 29%; and no treatment in any situation by 21%. Commonly expressed wishes were for a natural death, dying at home, and being told of the status of their disease, while details of palliative care were not well recognized.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Interstitial pneumonitis associated with Sweet's syndrome in the elderly].

Sweet's syndrome occurring during the course of interstitial pneumonitis in a 70-year-old woman was encountered. She was admitted because of dyspnea on exercise, dry cough and interstitial shadow on chest x-ray. Lung biopsy, together with other findings confirmed interstitial pneumonitis. Five days after admission, genital ulcer and aphtha on the oral mucosa were detected and exudative erythema appeared on her right shoulder, chest and back. Histological examination of the skin lesions demonstrated numerous nutrophilic infiltration in the upper dermis, indicating Sweet's syndrome. The skin eruption rapidly disappeared on treatment with colchicine. Although six months after admission interstitial pneumonitis caused respiratory failure, treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide was effective. Serological and immunological tests demonstrated hyper-gammaglobulinemia and positive reaction for anti SS-A antibody. Pathological examination of the lip revealed numerous lymphocyte infiltrates around the duct of the minor salivary gland, suggesting Sjögren's syndrome as the background disease of Sweet's syndrome and interstitial pneumonitis. This evidence indicating that even in elderly patients, skin lesions of Sweet's syndrome may reveal the background disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[A clinical study of serum IgE concentrations in elderly patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

We tested the hypothesis that serum IgE concentrations may be influenced by the severity of respiratory symptoms, impairment of pulmonary functions, and smoking history in elderly patients with bronchial asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 325 elderly outpatients aged over 65 years were enrolled in the study: 112 (22 men, 90 women) with bronchial asthma (BA), 135 (118 men, 17 women) with COPD, and 78 (56 men, 22 women) with both COPD and asthma (COPD/BA). The mean ages for the 3 groups were 74.3,76.0 and 76.6 years, respectively; the age differential was not significant. As a group, the male subjects displayed higher serum IgE concentrations than the female subjects. Also, ex-smokers and current smokers showed higher serum IgE concentrations than patients who had never smoked, and patients in the BA group had higher serum IgE concentrations than those in the COPD or COPD/BA groups. Although serum IgE concentrations were increased in BA patients with decreased FEV1.0 levels, the reverse was observed in the COPD patients. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts for men and women were higher in the BA group than in the COPD group. A positive correlation between serum IgE concentration and eosinophil count was observed in the BA group. Although bronchial asthma and COPD in the elderly have been considered to be pathologically similar, the findings of our study suggested they are probably different in terms of serum IgE concentration, pulmonary function, and smoking history.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more important as a cause of morbidity than as a cause of mortality but estimates of its frequency and distribution are inadequate and incomplete. According to annual report of World Health Organization, in 1998 there were estimated to be 52.2 millions deaths in the world, among them 2.9 millions were due to respiratory diseases and almost of them were COPD. Estimates of prevalence COPD vary depending on the diagnostic criteria used, the age and sex composition of the population, their exposure to cigarette smoke and possibly to other harmful environmental influences. In the present review, we discuss the problems arising in the data of morbidity and mortality of COPD in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: special reference to pathophysiology and management].

An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an acute worsening of symptoms accompanied by an impairment of lung infection. In severe cases, an acute exacerbation may cause respiratory failure and death. Successful management of acute exacerbation of COPD in either the inpatient or outpatient setting requires attention to a number of key issues. In this review, we discuss the issues regarding the management of COPD which is based on especially characteristics of pathophysiology.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗