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Biomedical subjects

K Kida

Publications and source records attributed to K Kida.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Large cell carcinoma of the lung with metastasis of the gastric submucosa].

A 66-year-old man was admitted with dyspnea on exertion and an abnormal shadow on chest roentgenogram. Transbronchial biopsy yielded a diagnosis of large cell carcinoma of the lung. His dyspnea improved following irradiation and corticosteroid treatment and one month later, he was admitted again for chemotherapy. Because occult blood in stool was detected, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. Gastric submucosal large cell carcinoma was diagnosed, and this was considered to be metastatic from the lung. Such cases diagnosed prior to death are rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Elderly outpatients' attitudes toward care in terminal stage disease].

Responses to a questionnaire regarding 1) dying at home, 2) being told of a diagnosis of cancer, and 3) hydration and nutrition, uses of narcotics for pain and dyspnea, oxygen treatment, antibiotics, transfusion and surgery in a near-vegetative state was obtained from 562 outpatients (73.4 +/- 8.6 years:mean +/- SD, men:women = 1.0:1.7). Dying at home was preferred by 64% and hospital death by 24%. Sixty and 65% of patients chose to be told of the diagnosis either in the last 3 months or at the early curable stage of the disease respectively, while only 53% wanted to be told precisely about their remaining estimated survival. If their spouse had terminal stage disease, 42% chose to inform the spouse of the diagnosis. Eighty percent chose palliative care, while 9.3% wished for intensive life-sustaining treatment. In a near vegetative state, tube feeding was desired by 8.7% and intravenous drip infusion by 39%; narcotics for pain or dyspnea were desired by 40 and 52%; oxygen or tracheostomy plus a respirator for dyspnea was chosen in 56 and 11% respectively; antibiotics for treatment of infection was desired by 38%; surgery for intestinal obstruction by 36 percent; transfusion for bleeding by 29%; and no treatment in any situation by 21%. Commonly expressed wishes were for a natural death, dying at home, and being told of the status of their disease, while details of palliative care were not well recognized.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Interstitial pneumonitis associated with Sweet's syndrome in the elderly].

Sweet's syndrome occurring during the course of interstitial pneumonitis in a 70-year-old woman was encountered. She was admitted because of dyspnea on exercise, dry cough and interstitial shadow on chest x-ray. Lung biopsy, together with other findings confirmed interstitial pneumonitis. Five days after admission, genital ulcer and aphtha on the oral mucosa were detected and exudative erythema appeared on her right shoulder, chest and back. Histological examination of the skin lesions demonstrated numerous nutrophilic infiltration in the upper dermis, indicating Sweet's syndrome. The skin eruption rapidly disappeared on treatment with colchicine. Although six months after admission interstitial pneumonitis caused respiratory failure, treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide was effective. Serological and immunological tests demonstrated hyper-gammaglobulinemia and positive reaction for anti SS-A antibody. Pathological examination of the lip revealed numerous lymphocyte infiltrates around the duct of the minor salivary gland, suggesting Sjögren's syndrome as the background disease of Sweet's syndrome and interstitial pneumonitis. This evidence indicating that even in elderly patients, skin lesions of Sweet's syndrome may reveal the background disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[A clinical study of serum IgE concentrations in elderly patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

We tested the hypothesis that serum IgE concentrations may be influenced by the severity of respiratory symptoms, impairment of pulmonary functions, and smoking history in elderly patients with bronchial asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A total of 325 elderly outpatients aged over 65 years were enrolled in the study: 112 (22 men, 90 women) with bronchial asthma (BA), 135 (118 men, 17 women) with COPD, and 78 (56 men, 22 women) with both COPD and asthma (COPD/BA). The mean ages for the 3 groups were 74.3,76.0 and 76.6 years, respectively; the age differential was not significant. As a group, the male subjects displayed higher serum IgE concentrations than the female subjects. Also, ex-smokers and current smokers showed higher serum IgE concentrations than patients who had never smoked, and patients in the BA group had higher serum IgE concentrations than those in the COPD or COPD/BA groups. Although serum IgE concentrations were increased in BA patients with decreased FEV1.0 levels, the reverse was observed in the COPD patients. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts for men and women were higher in the BA group than in the COPD group. A positive correlation between serum IgE concentration and eosinophil count was observed in the BA group. Although bronchial asthma and COPD in the elderly have been considered to be pathologically similar, the findings of our study suggested they are probably different in terms of serum IgE concentration, pulmonary function, and smoking history.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is more important as a cause of morbidity than as a cause of mortality but estimates of its frequency and distribution are inadequate and incomplete. According to annual report of World Health Organization, in 1998 there were estimated to be 52.2 millions deaths in the world, among them 2.9 millions were due to respiratory diseases and almost of them were COPD. Estimates of prevalence COPD vary depending on the diagnostic criteria used, the age and sex composition of the population, their exposure to cigarette smoke and possibly to other harmful environmental influences. In the present review, we discuss the problems arising in the data of morbidity and mortality of COPD in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: special reference to pathophysiology and management].

An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an acute worsening of symptoms accompanied by an impairment of lung infection. In severe cases, an acute exacerbation may cause respiratory failure and death. Successful management of acute exacerbation of COPD in either the inpatient or outpatient setting requires attention to a number of key issues. In this review, we discuss the issues regarding the management of COPD which is based on especially characteristics of pathophysiology.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1998

Lack of recurrence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in syngeneic and allogeneic islet-transplanted diabetic biobreeding rats.

BACKGROUND: Previous reports on experimental islet transplantation in animal models of human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus show that islet grafts are susceptible to autoimmune destruction similar to that seen in native pancreatic islets. In this study, we demonstrated a lack of disease recurrence in diabetic BioBreeding (BB) rats after syngeneic and allogeneic islet transplantation. METHODS: Four hundred to 1200 islets from BB (RT1u) and Lewis (RT1(1)) donors, isolated with stationary collagenase digestion and Ficoll density purification, were intraportally transplanted into spontaneously diabetic BB rats. The recipients received no immunologic manipulations before or after islet transplantation. RESULTS: When more than 900 syngeneic islets or when more than 600 allogeneic islets were transplanted, BB recipients remained normoglycemic for over 280 days, irrespective of age at onset, duration of exogenous insulin treatment, or age at transplantation. When at least 500 islets were transplanted, the recipients survived for a long period with normoglycemia or in a noninsulin-dependent diabetic state. Upon histological examination, mononuclear cell infiltration was observed in every islet graft examined, but the severity of infiltration in most of the grafts was mild to moderate. These results indicate that the islet grafts in the BB recipients were destroyed extremely slowly. CONCLUSIONS: It is conceivable that in our BB colony, a state of immunologically low responsiveness that allows diabetic animals to accept syngeneic or allogeneic islet grafts, occurs around the onset period and becomes more pronounced with aging. Our BB rat colony can be considered to be a novel substrain with unique immunological characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Differences in virus receptor for type I and type II feline infectious peritonitis virus.

Feline infectious peritonitis viruses (FIPVs) are classified into type I and type II serogroups. Here, we report that feline aminopeptidase N (APN), a cell-surface metalloprotease on the intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, is a receptor for type II FIPV but not for type I FIPV. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) R-G-4, which blocks infection of Felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells by type II FIPV, was obtained by immunizing mice with fcwf-4 cells which are highly susceptible to FIPV. This MAb also blocked infection of fcwf-4 cells by type II feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), canine coronavirus (CCV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). On the other hand, it did not block infection by type I FIPVs. MAb R-G-4 recognized a polypeptide of relative molecular mass 120-130 kDa in feline intestinal brush-border membrane (BBM) proteins. The polypeptide possessed aminopeptidase activity, and the first 15 N-terminal amino acid sequence was identical to that of the feline APN. Feline intestinal BBM proteins and the polypeptide reacted with MAb R-G-4 (feline APN) inhibited the infectivity of type II FIPV, type II FECV, CCV and TGEV to fcwf-4 cells, but did not inhibit the infectivity of type I FIPVs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Epidermal proliferation of the skin in metallothionein-null mice.

Metallothionein (MT) is a low-molecular weight metal-binding protein. Although the physiologic function of MT is not fully known, it is present in various species and various organs including the skin. MT is strongly stained in hyperplastic epidermal tissues in normal skin and in hyperplastic skin lesions, and increased expression of mRNA of the MT gene has been demonstrated in skin stimulated by proliferative agents, suggesting that MT is involved in the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. To improve our understanding of the role of MT in epidermal hyperplasia, mice with null mutations in their MT-1 and MT-2 genes were used in this study. We compared the epidermal hyperplasia in MT-null mice and in normal C57BL/6 J mice after treatments with cholera toxin, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and ultraviolet B irradiation, which stimulate epidermal proliferation. Immunostaining of MT was not detected in the skin of MT-null mice, and these mice developed significantly less epidermal hyperplasia than the normal mice after exposure to each stimulator. We determined the metal contents of skin samples by the proton-induced x-ray emission method. The zinc content of the skin of the MT-null mice was lower than that of the control mice before stimulation. After stimulation of epidermal hyperplasia, MT-null and normal mice showed significantly reduced levels of zinc. These findings indicate that cellular MT is involved in the proliferative process of the epidermis induced by cholera toxin, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, and ultraviolet B light through its regulatory action on the metal metabolism required for cell growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[A morphological study to elucidate the differences in visceral pleura in young and old mice].

The pleura is not only a mechanical envelope for the lung but also represents a crossroad for the exchange of cells and fluids. We studied ultrastructural differences in the visceral pleura of male mice in a young age group (aged 1 day, 1 week (wk), 2 wks) and an old age group (10 months (mos), 16 mos, 18 mos, 28 mos, and 30 mos), by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Surface microvilli (SMV) of mesothelial cells appeared to be sparse at day 1, then gradually increased in density and reached a plateau at approximately 10 mos. The length of the SMV changed in parallel with density which was confirmed by a morphometric study. After 28 mos, the SMV was partially loose, with an irregular and thin appearance. The morphological properties of pleural connective tissues, including collagen, elastin, and fibroblasts, changed in morphology with the changes in mesothelial cells; the elastic layer beneath mesothelial cells formed at 2wks and was maintained until 28 mos; collagen bundles increased in volume density throughout life, whereas cellular components including mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, and alveolar epithelial cells became atrophic with aging. From these observations, we concluded that although SMV do not have any known functions in the pleura, they change with age in a manner that likely corresponds to the changes in pleural connective tissue as well as structural changes in lung parenchyma.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line U937 by serum of cats experimentally or naturally infected with feline coronavirus.

Infection of the type II feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146 to primary feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line U937 was enhanced by the sera of cats experimentally infected with the 79-1146 strain, but not those of cats infected with KU-2 or UCD-1 strain of type I FIPV. The experiments using sera of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and of cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus (FCoV) revealed that infection of the FIPV 79-1146 strain to the U937 cells was enhanced only by the sera of cats infected with type II FIPV or feline enteric coronavirus. The samples positive for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity had high neutralizing antibody titers against the FIPV 79-1146 strain and the samples negative for ADE activity had low neutralizing antibody titers. These findings support the previous results where a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity had high ADE activity, suggesting that there was a close relationship between the neutralization and enhancement sites. And then it is also suggested that ADE of infection is likely to be induced by re-infection with the same serotype of virus in type II FIPV infection. Furthermore, U937 cells are considered useful and can be substituted for the feline macrophages for determining ADE of FIPV-infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Increased urinary excretion of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in a girl with congenital contractural arachnodactyly.

Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is caused by mutations in the gene for fibrillin 2 glycoprotein, a component of connective tissue. The causes of osteodystrophy or osteodysplasia in CCA are unknown. We report bone metabolism in a 28 month-old girl with CCA. Serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels were 650 IU/l and 22 ng/ml at 1.5 months old (control: 530+/-65, 16.5+/-4.3), and 580 IU/l and 21 ng/ml at 28 months old (control: 465+/-58, 15.0+/-3.5), i.e. in upper-normal levels. The urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline levels were 1176 and 194 micromol/mol creatinine at 1.5 months old (control: 329+/-76, 63+/-12), and 407 and 111 micromol/mol cr at 28 months old (control: 231+/-49, 50+/-11), apparently higher than the control values. These findings may indicate that abnormal fibrillin may impair bone metabolism and cause the osteodystrophy or osteodysplasia in CCA.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1998

Partial adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency detected by ureterolithiasis.

A 30-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent ureterolithiasis. She was suspected of having adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency based on the presence of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) crystals in her urinary sediment, infrared spectrophotometric analysis of the excreted stone, and then the definitive diagnosis by gene analysis. A pedigree study indicated only a slight possibility of this disease in the family. From these results, we consider that urinary sediment and stone analysis should be used for screening while gene analysis should be employed for definitive diagnosis of APRT deficiency, so that the complications of this condition can be prevented.

Adenine↗
PubMed1998

[Outcome of repeated pulmonary aspiration in frail elderly. The Project Team for Aspiration Pneumonia].

Aspiration pneumonia is a major cause of death among frail elderly patients. Pulmonary aspiration is commonly reported in association with episodes of pneumonia, but the clinical significance and outcome in patients with recurrent pulmonary aspiration remain uncertain. We studied outcomes retrospectively in elderly patinents with recurrent aspiration. A total of 38 patients (M25, F13: mean age 81.4 yr) who were recognized to have undergone repeated aspiration were enrolled. Of them, 89.5% had suffered cerebrovascular disorder or other neurological disorders as the major underlying disease, and 63.2% showed moderate or severe cognitive impairment. Activities of daily living (ADL) were low and 97.4% were bedridden. At the time of enrollment, 79% had aspiration pneumonia or aspiration bronchitis. The mean number of admissions during the observation period was 2.3, and 60.9% of admissions were due to pneumonia. Of the patients obsered, 84.2% died during the observation period: the median survival time was 736 days. Major causes of death were pneumonia, respiratory failure, and asphyxia (65.6%). Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was carried out in 16 patients and these patients survived longer than patients who did not undergo PEG, although 75% of the PEG group died of pneumonia. We conclude that: 1) repeated pulmonary aspiration mostly occurrs with underlying diseases of cerebrovascular disorders, dementia, and deterioration of ADL, and 2) although the prognosis following repeated pulmonary aspiration was poor. PEG contributed to a longer survival, but did not prevent pneumonia.

Activities of Daily Living↗