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Biomedical subjects

K Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to K Kumar.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Malathion toxicity: in vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the fish Brachydanio rerio (Cyprinidae).

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the nervous tissue (brain) of the fish Brachydanio rerio was significantly inhibited by exposure to the organophosphorus (OP) pesticide, malathion. The inhibition was dose- as well as time-dependent. The fish survived even when the activity of the enzyme was inhibited by 90%. There was a significant recovery in the activity of AChE when malathion stress was lifted.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Mild analgesics and the accident and emergency department--cost and safety more important than potency?

A prospective controlled trial involving over 1000 patients did not reveal any difference between four drugs commonly used in accident and emergency departments for the relief of mild to moderate pain. There were no significant variations in therapeutic effect, side-effects or patient compliance. When considering the supply of analgesics which may be no more potent than those available without prescription from retail chemists, cost and safety are more important than analgesic effect. By restricting the choice of analgesics available, the accident and emergency department should be able to increase awareness among its staff of the actions and side-effects of a small number of prescribed drugs and to contain costs.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of cefotaxime in bacterial infections.

Cefotaxime, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated in 26 infants and children for the treatment of documented or suspected bacterial infections, including pneumonia (10 cases), soft tissue skin infection (13 cases), and urinary tract infection (3 cases). An average daily dose of 60 mg/kg in 3 to 4 divided doses was administered parenterally for an average of 7 days. In 14 of the cases, primary pathogens, including Haemophilus influenzae b (resistant to ampicillin), Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were eradicated. Clinical recovery occurred in each case. Blood levels at different time intervals and biological half-life were similar to those reported for adults. Mild and transient side effects observed were elevation of SGOT in two cases, alkaline phosphatase in one, and eosinophilia in one case.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Poly-syndactyly of hands and feet with talipes equino-varus. An unusual combination.

A case of a fifteen year old male with unusual congenital anomalies of hands and feet (Poly-syndactyly) is presented. There was associated talipes equino-varus deformity of the left foot with bilateral duplication of great toes. Both hands appeared like a cup but the patient was able to carry out his routine activities. The purpose of this report is to document a unique 'isolated' congenital anomaly.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of moxalactam in infants and children.

Moxalactam, a new beta-lactam antibiotic was evaluated in the treatment of 21 pediatric patients including 16 with clinical and radiological evidence of pneumonia and 5 with urinary tract infection (UTI). Clinical and radiological resolution of pneumonia occurred in all. Bacteriological efficacy in pneumonia, however, was assessed in only 1 patient whose blood culture grew H. influenzae type b. In patients with UTI, the therapy was successful, bacteriologically as well as clinically. The only side effects observed were mild transient elevation of SGOT and alkaline phosphatase in 6 cases. The peak and trough levels of the drug were manyfold higher than the known minimum inhibitory concentrations of common pathogens. The mean t1/2 projected of 95 and 124 min with intravenous and intramuscular route, respectively, were similar to those reported in adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Surgical management of leprous ulnar neuritis.

An analysis of the results of neurolysis with careful anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve in 17 cases of severe leprous neuritis is described. Pain and paresthesia were relieved in all patients within 48 to 72 hours after the operation. Recoverable cases showed some evidence of sensory and motor recovery within three weeks to three months, and six months of the operation, respectively. The amount of recovery was directly related to the extent and stage of involvement of the nerve. Results of prophylactic anterior transposition on the ulnar nerve in two patients with recurrent dislocation were encouraging.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Reversible nephrotoxic reactions to a combined 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol and calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid regimen in asymptomatic children with elevated blood lead levels.

One hundred thirty children aged 1 to 8 years with blood lead levels greater than 50 micrograms/100 ml of whole blood (WB) and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) concentration greater than 250 micrograms/100 ml of WB received 207 chelation treatments for plumbism. All chelation treatments consisted of CaNa2 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 25 mg/kg per dose every 12 hours and 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (BAL) 3 mg/kg per dose every four hours for five days. Seventeen children demonstrated transient doubling of pre-chelation treatment serum creatinine (less than or equal to 2.0 mg/100 ml) during or following chelation treatment; 5/17 also had mild proteinuria. Four children developed severe oliguric (greater than 250 ml/sq m/day) acute renal failure. Serum creatinine levels were elevated six to seven days after chelation treatment was started and reached maximal values of 3.9 to 8.4 mg/100 ml, three to six days later. Renal function returned to pre-chelation treatment values during the subsequent six to 18 days. In the 21 nephrotoxic patients and the 109 nontoxic patients there were no significant differences in age (3.8 +/- 0.6 vs 3.2 +/- 0.2 years), sex (61% vs 53% males), percent who received multiple chelation treatments (38% vs 30%), blood lead levels (85 +/- 5 vs 79 +/- 1 microgram/100 ml of WB), FEP (380 +/- 30 vs 382 +/- 18 micrograms/100 ml of WB), hemoglobin (11.5 +/- 0.4 vs 11.1 +/- 0.2 gm/100 ml, and pre-chelation treatment serum creatinine (0.46 +/- 0.06 vs 0.58 +/- 0.03 mg/100 ml). It was concluded that 13% of children with plumbism who received chelation treatments developed mild transient biochemical evidence of nephrotoxicity and another 3% developed acute renal failure characterized by oliguria four to eight days after chelation treatment was discontinued.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

Reversible neutropenia associated with ampicillin therapy in pediatric patients.

Hematologic abnormalities associated with penicillin compounds are uncommon, and neutropenia associated with ampicillin is reported even less frequently. Neutropenia developed in three pediatric patients after high-dose (150-400 mg/kg) ampicillin therapy over a period of 3 to 12 days. In all cases, the white blood cell and neutrophil counts returned towards normal within 4 to 11 days after discontinuation of the antibiotic. Bone marrow examination revealed a maturation arrest in one and slight shift to the left in the maturation of granulocytic cells in another. Other marrow components were normal. Red blood cells, reticulocytes, platelets, and hemoglobin did not show any abnormal alteration in any of the patients. Physicians administering ampicillin, particularly in high doses, should be alert to the possible development of neutropenia; however, all reported neutropenias have been reversible.

Agranulocytosis↗