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Biomedical subjects

K Maejima

Publications and source records attributed to K Maejima.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Bacterial flora of ex-germfree mice after oral inoculation of feces from various species of conventional animals.

Emulsions of fresh feces from a conventional mouse, rabbit, dog or cynomolgus monkey were administered orally to germfree and conventional ICR mice. Various fecal floras bearing a striking resemblance in pattern to those in the inoculant became established in the inoculated ex-germfree mice. Reinoculation of these ex-germfree mice with fecal emulsions from a conventional mouse made 21 days after the original inoculation (conventionalization) led to alteration of their floras to the indigenous pattern of conventional mice. The administration of feces from the conventional animals of different species did not appreciably modify the fecal flora of conventional mice. The results indicate that intestinal flora of animals is determined in the first stage by that of the contaminants, but this would be altered later under the predominant influence of the various host factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of feline viral antibodies in random-source laboratory cats.

Over a period of 1973 to 1979, a serologic survey of virus infections was conducted on feline sera collected in four universities which located in different prefectures; Obihiro, Saitama, Kanagawa and Tokyo. A significant hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titer of 1 : 8 or higher to feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV) was detected in 130 (58%) of the 226 sera used. No remarkable difference in the HI antibody prevalence in cats to FPLV was recognized by years or localities. Of a total of 188 cats tested, 99 (53%) presented positive serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titers to the No. 1 strain of feline calicivirus (FCV). Especially in Kanagawa, 17 (77%) of the 22 cats had positive SN titers. However, only 42 (22%) of the 188 sera showed positive SN titers to the Kyoritsu strain of FCV. Such lower positivity in the cats was observed with 13% in the SN test to human reovirus type 3 (Reo-3). The incidence of positive SN antibodies to feline rhinotracheitis virus (FRV) also remained in low values of 20 to 27% with the exception of high percentage of 86 in Tokyo. The dissemination of FPLV, FRV, FCV and Reo-3 was briefly discussed in relation with the age distribution of viral antibodies in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[A study on heart weight and electrocardiogram of germfree, ex-germfree and conventional ICR mice (author's transl)].

The heart weight of germfree mice has been reported to be lighter than that of conventional mice. The difference in heart function between these mice, however, has not been well investigated. In the present study, we recorded ECGs of germfree, ex-germfree and conventional mice anesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium and weighed the hearts of these animals. On ECGs, there was no significant difference between germfree and conventional mice except QT and PP intervals, which were shorter in male germfree mice than those in male conventional mice. It was found that the heart weight of germfree mice was significantly lighter than that of conventional mice in both sexes. It was concluded that although the heart weight between germfree and conventional mice was different, the heart function evaluated using the ECG was not.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Role of gastrointestinal microflora in nitrogen and mineral balances in young mice fed on autoclaved and irradiated diets.

Male germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) mice were fed on steam-sterilized (autoclaved for 30 min at 121 degrees C) and gamma irradiation-sterilized (5 Mrad with 60Co) diets for a one-week adjustment period from 4 weeks of age. During the subsequent week, the amounts of feed eaten were determined, and the feces and urine were collected eaily. The effects of the mode of diet sterilization and intestinal microflora on the feed consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency (body weight gain/feed consumption), feed N efficiency (body weight gain/feed N consumption), and the excretion, absorption and retention of N, Ca, Mg and P and the bone deposits of these minerals were investigated. 1) The method of sterilization of the diet did not appreciably influence these parameters, except for the apparent digestibility of N and ratio of N retention. Compared to autoclaved diet-fed mice, irradiated diet-fed mice showed a higher apparent digestibility of of N and lower ratio of N retention. 2) Feed consumption in both GF and CV mice showed no major differences. Body weight gain, feed efficiency and feed N efficiency were higher in GF mice than in CV mice. 3) GF conditions increased the apparent digestibility of N, Ca, Mg and P. Lower total excretion of N, Ca and P in the feces and urine, a higher retention of Ca and P, and higher ratios of retention of N and these minerals were observed in GF mice. 4) The results in GF mice indicated a higher weight of moisture- and fat-free bone and a higher Ca, Mg and P concentration in the bones (femurs and tibias with fibulas) with respect to the body weight minus the weight of the digesta.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Use of CO2 euthanasia cabinet for experimental animals (author's transl)].

The process of CO2 euthanasia on mouse, rat, guinea pig and rabbit was observed using a CO2 euthanasia cabinet. The cabinet was filled with CO2 gas and the caged animal was placed into the cabinet. These animals quietly collapsed and their respiratory movement ceased within 25--225 seconds. A-V block was the first arrhythmia recognized on ECG in all cases. The arrhythmia recorded on ECG included complete A-V block, A-V dissociation, ventricular escape rhythm, atrial fibrillation, ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation. It could be concluded that euthanasia was satisfactorily performed on these species by means of the CO2 euthanasia cabinet.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Yersinia enterocolitica in colonies of laboratory mice, rats and rabbits: an attempt of isolation.

An attempt to isolate Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens and Yersinia enterocolitica was made in a total of 931 laboratory animals (mice, rats and rabbits) from five representative commercial breeders in this country and from our laboratory colonies. E. cloacae organisms were isolated from feces and other specimens of 15 mice and 17 rats between November 1979 and July 1980. Neither S. marcescens nor Y. enterocolitica was detectable in any specimen of feces, fur and skin, nasal discharge, lungs, urinary bladder or urine from the animals examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Reproductive ability of germfree ICR female mice (author's transl)].

Reproductive ability of germfree and conventional female ICR mice was examined. Litter size and number of fetuses of germfree ICR mice kept in Facility A were smaller than those of Jcl: ICR mice. No difference was seen in oestrous cycle, pregnant rate, gestation period, weaning rate and number of corpora lutea between germfree and conventional mice. The small litter size of germfree mice seemed to be associated with early embryonic death before implantation. On the other hand, litter size of ex-germfree mice did not increase after conventionalization in Facility B.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Drug resistance of organisms isolated from feces of laboratory mice and rats.

A total of 248 strains of EScherichia coli, 132 of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 137 of Streptococcus faecalis and 89 of STr. faecium were collected from feces of 40 mice and 36 rats of 8 colonies in 1978, and drug resistance were examined by an agar dieution method using 23 antibiotics. The results indicated a positive relation between use of antibiotics and appearance of multiple drug resistant organisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[The weights of genital organs in germfree and conventional ICR mice administered with hCG, estradiol benzoate, progesterone and testosterone propionate (author's transl)].

Female germfree (Gf) and conventional (Cv) ICR mice aged 21-25 days were administered with hCG (50IU/head/day for 2 days). Six hours after the last administration, uterine weights of Gf and Cv mice were 175.8 mg% and 238.7 mg% respectively, the difference between Gf and Cv animals was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Ovariectomized Gf and Cv mice aged 80-150 days were successively administered with estradiol benzoate (0.02 mg/head/day for 5 days). Six hours after the last administration, uterine weights of Gf and Cv mice were 358.8 mg% and 462.7 mg% respectively, being statistically significant between Gf and Cv animals (p less than 0.01). After administration of estradiol benzoate (0.02 mg/head/day for 2 days), 1.0 mg/head/day of progesterone for 3 days were given ovariectomized Gf and Cv mice aged 80-150 days. Six hours after the last administration, uterus of Gf and Cv mice were weight 337.6 mg% and 423.5 mg% respectively, the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Castrated Gf and Cv mice aged 80-150 days were administered with 1.0 mg of testosterone propionate (head/day for 5 days). Six hours after the last administration, weights of seminal vesicle and coagulating gland of Gf and Cv mice were 376.0 mg% and 611.8 mg% respectively, the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Colonization and pathogenicity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MC16, in mice and cynomolgus monkeys after oral and intravenous administration.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an ascomycetous yeast and a candidate for a host-vector system in recombinant DNA experiments, was examined for its pathogenicity and colonization in mice and cynomolgus monkeys as the models of the biological containment level. Adult mice given perorally with 5.5 or 2.4X10(7) cells of MC16 strain S. cerevisiae excluded them rapidly and no colonization of the cells in the abdominal organs, lymph nodes or gastrointestinal wall was demonstrated. No change in the fecal flora was observed. Cynomolgus monkeys after peroral administration of 4.9X10(7) or 7.8X10(8) cells showed a similar tendency of rapid exclusion and the lack of colonization. Cortisone acetate treatment had no significant effect. Intravenous administration of 3.9X10(7) yeast cells had no pathogenic effect and no viable yeast cell was detected in the blood. The biological containment level of S. cerevisiae was suggested to be not lower than that of E. coli K12 B1 level, and the possibility of achieving the B2 level was also suggested.

Administration, Oral↗