The value of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors was investigated using an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique on 91 histologic sections (88 tumors and 3 normal tissues) and 39 ascitic fluid smears (28 from patients with epithelial ovarian tumors and 11 from cases of myoma uteri). The rate of positive EMA staining was highest in malignant tumors (89.2%), second highest in tumors of low malignant potential (33.3%) and lowest in benign tumors (25.0%); normal ovarian tissues were negative for EMA. Of the malignant tumors, all 48 serous cystadenocarcinomas (100%) and 18 of 26 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas (69.2%) stained positively for EMA. In serous cystadenocarcinomas, the EMA staining was mainly localized on the luminal membrane of cells in well-differentiated tumors, but appeared on the entire cell surface and cytoplasm of cells in poorly differentiated tumors. The results of EMA staining on ascitic fluid smears were almost the same as the results for the histologic sections. The intensity and the localization of EMA staining were related to the grade of malignancy in these ovarian tumors. In comparison with staining for other antigens (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA-125 and human keratin protein), EMA was found to be one of the most sensitive markers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and cytologic aspects of primary fallopian tube carcinoma. A report of ten cases.

The clinical and cytologic findings in ten cases of primary fallopian tube carcinoma, a very rare malignancy, are presented. All ten patients had vaginal pool (V), cervical (C), endocervical (E) and endometrial aspiration (EA) smears examined preoperatively; peritoneal smears were also prepared from cul-de-sac fluid aspirated during surgery. In the preoperative cytodiagnosis, some of V, C, E and EA smears were positive for malignant cells in six of the ten patients (60%). Examination of the EA smear was the most effective means of discovering this disease. A watery discharge was noted in two patients, both of whom were negative in the preoperative cytodiagnosis. In such patients, it is necessary to repeat the smear examinations. The cytologic appearance of this disease is contrasted to that of endometrial carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The detection of cervical cancer at Cancer Institute Hospital in Tokyo from 1952 to 1963.

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Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic studies of malignant melanoma of the vagina.

Four cases of primary malignant melanoma of the vagina are described and discussed with respect to vaginal smears. Two cases treated with radiotherapy began to increase the amount of the melanin pigment during the course of irradiation. Characteristic cytologic features found in the four cases are summarized as follows: a) Distribution of cell 1) Scattering, no tendency of grouping 2) Moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis b) Cytoplasm 1) Cyanophilic wispy cytoplasm 2) Indistinct cytoplasmic rim 3) Relatively clear cytoplasm 4) Relatively low N/C ratio c) Melanin pigment 1) In melanoma cells-finely granular and diffusely packed in cytoplasm 2) In histiocytes-coarsely granular and densely packed in cytoplasm d) Nucleus 1) Extremely eccentric nucleus 2) Thin and irregular nuclear membrane 3) Relatively regular chromatin distribution 4) Finely or moderately granular chromatin pattern 5) Prominent nucleolus 6) Giant malignant cells (3-4 nuclei) 7) Intranuclear vacuole (punched out).

Adult↗