Coronary spastic angina precipitated by the administration of an anticholinesterase drug (distigmine bromide).
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
K Obata
Publications and source records attributed to K Obata.
Atrial natriuretic polypeptide is removed by the lungs and released into the left atrium as well as the right atrium in humans.
To examine the sites of release and removal of plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide plasma levels in the femoral vein, right atrium, pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary bed, left atrium and aortic root were measured in 11 control subjects and 22 patients with mitral stenosis. Mean plasma natriuretic polypeptide levels in the femoral vein, right atrium, pulmonary artery, pulmonary capillary bed, left atrium and aortic root were, respectively, 64 +/- 29, 124 +/- 72, 103 +/- 44, 83 +/- 30, 106 +/- 46 and 101 +/- 35 pg/ml in the control subjects and 321 +/- 170, 500 +/- 234, 458 +/- 266, 356 +/- 209, 434 +/- 222 and 432 +/- 217 pg/ml in the patients with mitral stenosis. In both the control subjects and the patients with mitral stenosis, there was a significant increase between the femoral vein and the right atrium and between the pulmonary capillary bed and the left atrium and a significant decrease between the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary capillary bed. Blood samples were also taken simultaneously from the pulmonary vein and the pulmonary capillary bed, as well as from the pulmonary artery and the left atrium, in 25 patients (11 control subjects, 5 patients with mitral stenosis and 9 patients with atrial septal defect). There was no difference in plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide levels between the pulmonary capillary bed and the pulmonary vein in these 25 patients. It is concluded that atrial natriuretic polypeptide 1) is released into the left as well as the right atrium, and 2) is removed by the lungs.
Adult↗
Expression of three drebrin isoforms in the developing nervous system.
Drebrins are developmentally regulated brain proteins which were first isolated from brains of 10-day chick embryos. They are classified into three forms, drebrins E1, E2 and A. Cloning of drebrin cDNAs revealed that each drebrin isoform is encoded in an independent mRNA. Genomic Southern blot analysis and cloning of a drebrin gene revealed that the mRNAs of three drebrin isoforms are generated by alternative RNA splicing from a single gene. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analysis of the embryonic cerebellum indicated that drebrin mRNA is first transcribed in postmitotic neurons and that there seem relations between cell migration and expression of drebrin E1.
Animals↗
Rat mast cell granules reacting with a mouse monoclonal antibody M6764 which recognizes the same epitope of a mouse monoclonal antibody HNK-1.
Rat mast cell granules and plasma membrane fractions were obtained by homogenization of highly purified rat mast cells and isolation in a Percoll gradient and a sucrose gradient, respectively. Immunostaining of rat mast cells, granules and plasma membrane fractions was performed with mouse monoclonal antibody M6764 which was produced against the crude membrane fractions of the neural tubes. Rat mast cells and granules were immunostained with the monoclonal antibody, but not the plasma membrane fractions. The granules fixed with glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde showed ring-like forms. Chloroform-methanol treatment did not effect the staining of rat mast cells and granules with the monoclonal antibody. Western blotting analysis of rat mast cells and granules with the monoclonal antibody showed broad protein bands ranging from 100 to 250 kD.
Animals↗
Pathfinding during spinal tract formation in the chick-quail chimera analysed by species-specific monoclonal antibodies.
In order to analyse the spinal tract formation at early stages of development in avian embryos, chick-quail spinal cord chimeras were prepared and species-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were developed. MAbs CN, QN and CQN uniquely stained chick, quail, and both chick and quail nervous tissues, respectively. All three antibodies appeared to bind to the same membrane molecule, but to different epitopes. Cord reversal revealed the features of axonal growth of both cord interneurons and dorsal root ganglion cells. Quail cord interneurons grew along an originally ventral marginal layer in the quail cord transplanted in a reversed position, then turned toward the ventral side at the boundary between the graft and the host, and grew along the host chick ventral marginal layer. Central axons of dorsal root ganglia were restricted to the ventrolateral region of the cord which originally formed the dorsal funiculus. These results suggest that cord interneurons and dorsal root ganglion cells actively select to grow along specific regions of the cord and that spinal tract formation appears to be determined by cord cells, and not by sclerotome cells.
Animals↗
[Carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. An investigation of 384 registered cases in the Tokai Urological Cancer Registry].
Registration of renal pelvic and ureteral tumor was done from 1980 through 1986, in the Tokai Urological Tumor Registry. Among the 404 cases of the carcinoma, 384 cases (210 renal pelvis, 174 ureter) were subjected to the present study. A total of 319 cases (83.1%) showed a complete cure, while 20 cases (5.2%) were considered as partial cure, and 45 cases (11.7%) were classified to progressive disease group. Chemotherapy was performed on 151 patients including systemic administration to 141 patients (33.9%) and 11 patients received combined intravesical instillation therapy. Irradiation was performed on 49 patients (12.8%). Degree of histological and morphological differentiation of renal pelvis and ureter tumor were studied in 341 cases of transitional cell carcinoma (88.8%); G0, 0.3%, G1, 12.9%, G2, 49.3%, Gx, 5.2%. Stage of the tumor were T1, 33.6%; T2, 12.5%; T3, 14.6%; T4, 13.3%; Tis, 0.3%; Tx, 24.7%. Five-year relative survival for carcinoma of the renal pelvis was 46.6%, and for the ureter it was 53.1%. Five-year survival according to histological differentiation of transitional cell carcinoma and according to the stage of the tumor were as follows; G1, 91.6%; G2, 58.5%; G3, 27.2%; Ta, 84.6%; T1. 74.2%; T2, 48.5%; T3, 24.1%, T4, 7.3%. The rate of survival was correlated with histological differentiation of the tumor cells. The survival was poor in cases who had the components of squamous cell carcinoma and/or adenocarcinoma. Overall survived case were 177, 122 patients died of cancer, 20 patients died of other causes than cancer, and 1 patient died from immediate surgical effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Survival rate of bladder tumors--an analysis of 2304 patients with bladder tumors in the Tokai Urological Cancer Registry].
During the 7 years from 1980 to 1986, 2860 cases of bladder tumors were registered in the Tokai Urological Cancer Registry. Among the 2860 cases, 2304 cases were selected from the registered cases for the present study. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rates were 73.8% (61.9%) of all patients; 48.9% (42.4%) in those with malignant neoplasma of urinary bladder excluding transitional cell carcinoma; 48.8% (41/3%) in those with mixed tumor. In patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year relative (actual survival rates were 93.7% (78.8%) for G1, 87.2% (74.1%) for G2 and 47.3% (38.9%) for G3. As to staging, the 5-year survival rates were 101.9% (88.0%), 87.6% (75.3%), 57.9% (47.8%), 33.7% (28.2%) and 6.1% (5.0%) in patients with stage of Ta, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The tumors with muscle infiltration and high grade malignancy obviously deteriorated patients' survival. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rate for patients treated with TUR was 98.1% (82.2%). As to grading, the 5-year survival rates were 102.2% (86.6%) for G1, 104.3% (88.3%) for G2 and 56.9% (48.3%) for G3. The 5-year survival rates of those with Ta, T1 and T2 were 103.9% (89.7%), 96.0% (82.6) and 61.1% (49.1%), respectively. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rate for patients undergoing total cystectomy was 62.4% (52.3%). In those patients, the 5-year survival rates were 96.7% (80.9%) for G1, 63.6% (55.7%) for G2 and 55.4% (47.1%) for G3. As to staging, the 5-year survival rates were 102.3% (90.6%), 77.8% (68.2%), 56.3% (47.9%), 41.8% (34.9%) and 15.2% (13.1%) in patients with stage of Ta, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The 3 and 5-year relative (actual) survival rates in patients with advanced bladder tumors were 5.3% (4.8%) and 0.87% (0.73%), respectively.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical study of iohexol in excretory urography].
Excretory urography was performed using iohexol (Omnipaque 300 and Omnipaque 350) on 388 patients requiring urography in the Department of Urology, Nagoya University School of Medicine and 10 affiliated hospitals. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 cases (0.8%), but they were all mild. Good image efficacy was obtained in more than 95% of the patients injected 20 ml, 40 ml, and 100 ml of Omnipaque 300 and 40 ml of Omnipaque 350. There was no difference in the results of image efficacy between 40 ml (Omnipaque 300) and 100 ml (Omnipaque 300) groups. Therefore, the use of 40 ml of Omnipaque 300 for excretory urography was considered to be a very useful screening method for the urinary tract.
Adolescent↗
[Formation and elimination of synapses in neural development].
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Animals↗
Developmentally expressed O-acetyl ganglioside GT3 in fetal rat cerebral cortex.
Monoclonal antibody M6704, established against the chick neural tube, was shown to recognize a trisialosyl residue, NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc alpha 2-3-R of C-series gangliosides. Using this antibody, the developmental changes of C-series gangliosides in fetal rat cerebral cortex have been examined. Two dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) enzyme-immunostaining analysis revealed that alkali treatment resulted in a great increase in GT3 that amounted to more than 85% of the total GT3 detected. The alkalilabile form was easily degraded to form GT3 by the action of the receptor-destroying enzyme of influenza C virus, sialate O-acetylesterase, indicating that the antigen was most probably 9-O-acetyl-NeuAc containing GT3. The ganglioside was highly enriched at the 14th gestation day, gradually decreased, and was not detected in adult rat cerebral cortex.
Aging↗
One step sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human type IV collagen using monoclonal antibodies.
Monoclonal antibodies were used in one step sandwich enzyme immunoassay (one step sandwich EIA) for human serum immunoreactive type IV collagen. The one step sandwich EIA using either polystyrene ball or microplate was characterized by carrying out two immunoreactions simultaneously, type IV collagen reacting with both a monoclonal antibody as a solid phase and a horseradish peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody (Fab') against human type IV collagen as a conjugate. Sensitivity of one step sandwich EIA system by using either polystyrene ball or microplate was 0.22 ng per tube or 0.04 ng per well for type IV collagen, and linearity was obtained between 0.22-40 ng/tube or 0.04-20 ng per well, respectively. Both methods gave reproducible quantitative analysis of immunoreactive type IV collagen levels in the sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and patients with liver cirrhosis, which were apparently higher than the levels in the sera of healthy subjects. Protein immunoblotting shows that the immunoreactive type IV collagen trapped in our present one step sandwich EIA system was not the 7-S and NC1 domains of type IV collagen.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Developmental changes in phosphorylation state of neurofilament proteins in the chick embryonic optic nerve.
Developmental changes in the phosphorylation state of neurofilament proteins (NFPs) in the chick embryonic optic nerve were histochemically and biochemically studied using monoclonal antibody (MAb) 82E10 specific to the highly phosphorylated components of high (180K)- and middle (160K)-molecular-weight subunits of neurofilament (NF) in the chicken. Cross sections of developing embryonic optic nerve were studied by enzyme immunohistochemistry using this MAb. The staining pattern showed marked changes with the developmental stage. In 6-day embryos (E6) the entire cross section was stained, whereas in E10 only about a ventroposterior half of the cross section was stained. In E14 nearly the entire area of the cross section became unstained. Thereafter, the immunoreactivity reappeared and gradually increased, such that in E20 the entire cross section became immunopositive again. Electrophoretic and immunoblot analyses were made on optic nerves dissected out of embryos of various stages. The 82E10 immunoreactivity at the position of NF-M underwent a transient loss in E14 in parallel with the time course of histochemical change. Two-dimensional gels stained for protein further showed that the highly phosphorylated form of NF-M is transiently lost from embryonic optic nerve in E14, while the less phosphorylated form persists throughout the embryonic developmental stages. In order to understand the orderly loss of the 82E10 immunoreactivity in relation to retinotopic and chronotopic organizations of the fibers in the embryonic optic nerve, retinal injection of a fluorescent dye DiI as an anterograde tracing marker for selected fibers was utilized. An ordered arrangement of the fibers was present within the embryonic optic pathway, suggesting that the orderly loss of the 82E10 immunoreactivity in the embryonic optic nerve reflects the chronological order of the optic axons. These changes in the phosphorylation state of NFPs in the embryonic optic nerve presumably reflect dynamic changes of the neuronal cytoskeleton at certain stages during development.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
A new membrane antigen revealed by monoclonal antibodies is associated with motoneuron axonal pathways.
Chick embryonic motoneurons selectively grow out from the spinal cord as the first step of their selective axonal growth. In order to detect the molecules responsible for motoneuron outgrowth from the cord, we produced and immunohistochemically screened many monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against cord and somite. We found that two of them, called M7412 and M7902, selectively bound to the cell surface of the anterior half of the sclerotome, where motoneurons selectively extend their axons. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot results were identical for these antibodies and the antigen was called M7412 antigen. Although neural crest cells also migrate into the anterior half of the sclerotome, the expression of M7412 antigen by sclerotome cells was independent of the neural crest, because neural crest removal did not affect the appearance of the antigen. Furthermore, MAb M7412 bound to the mesenchymal cells along presumptive major nerve trunks in the limb and to the structures surrounding myotubes in muscles during the formation of intramuscular nerve branches. These results suggest that M7412 antigen might be a substrate for general, but not specific, growth of motoneuron axons. If this is the case, we must also infer that some molecule inhibitory for motoneuron growth is localized in the posterior half of sclerotome, because at upper cervical levels the M7412 antigen was also expressed intensely in the posterior sclerotome, whereas motoneurons still grew only into the anterior half. The M7412 antigen was transiently expressed in such various tissues as somite; muscles; blood vessels; spinal cord cells, especially motoneurons innervating the limb; and dorsal root and other peripheral ganglion cells. The M7412 antigenic molecule was extractable with NP40 from a membrane fraction of whole chick embryos and its molecular weight was estimated to be 70 kDa from immunoblot analysis. Thus, our monoclonal antibodies have revealed a new membrane-associated molecule which is likely to play a role in cell-cell interactions during development of motoneurons.
Animals↗
Circadian variation of plasma fibrinopeptide A level in patients with variant angina.
Plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were examined on venous plasma samples taken every 4 hours for 24 hours in 20 patients with variant angina and 20 patients with stable exertional angina together with 24-hour Holter recordings. The mean plasma FPA levels (ng/ml) at 2:00 PM, 6:00 PM, 10:00 PM, 2:00 AM, 6:00 AM, and 10:00 AM were 4.6 +/- 1.0, 3.1 +/- 0.5, 6.1 +/- 1.6, 9.9 +/- 2.4, 8.7 +/- 1.4, and 4.2 +/- 0.8 in patients with variant angina (p less than 0.01) and 1.8 +/- 0.2, 2.3 +/- 0.3, 1.9 +/- 0.3, and 2.3 +/- 0.2 in those with stable exertional angina. In seven patients with variant angina, we also examined the effects of heparin (3,000 units), given subcutaneously at 6:00 PM, 10:00 PM, and 2:00 AM, on the plasma FPA levels and the anginal attacks. Although heparin suppressed the elevation and circadian variation of plasma FPA levels, it did not suppress the attacks and their circadian variation in these patients. Plasma FPA levels increased significantly from 3.7 +/- 0.5 to 12.5 +/- 2.7 ng/ml during or immediately after an attack in the seven patients with no heparin. On the other hand, the plasma levels of BTG and PF4 were increased in patients with variant angina as compared with those with stable exertional angina but did not show a significant circadian variation in both groups. We conclude that 1) plasma levels of FPA, BTG, and PF4 were increased in patients with variant angina as compared with those with stable exertional angina; 2) there was a significant circadian variation in the plasma levels of FPA in parallel with that of the frequency of the attacks with the peak level occurring from midnight to early morning in patients with variant angina; and 3) elevated levels of plasma FPA are the result and not the cause of coronary spasm.
Angina Pectoris↗
Augmented expression of atrial natriuretic polypeptide gene in ventricle of human failing heart.
To elucidate the expression of the atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) gene in the ventricle of the human failing heart, we have measured ANP and ANP messenger RNA (ANPmRNA) levels in left ventricular aneurysm obtained at operation, biopsy specimens of left ventricles from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and autopsy samples of old myocardial infarction (OMI) and DCM hearts, and compared the levels with those in the normal ventricle. The ANP level (mean +/- SE) was 17.5 +/- 6.9 ng/g in the normal ventricle, and increased to 660.3 +/- 122.2 ng/g in the left ventricular aneurysm tissues and to 3,138.6 +/- 1,642.1 ng/g in the biopsy specimens of the DCM ventricle. These levels were approximately 40 and 200 times higher than in the normal ventricle. The increase of ANP levels was observed in both infarcted and noninfarcted regions of the OMI heart, and in the entire ventricle of the DCM heart. A significant positive correlation was found between the ANP level in aneurysm tissues and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.85). The ANPmRNA level in the left ventricular aneurysm showed about a 10-fold increase compared with that in the normal heart and reached 23% of that in the atrium of the same heart. A similar increase in the ANPmRNA level was observed in the entire ventricle of DCM. These data clearly indicate that the expression of the ANP gene in the ventricle is augmented in the failing heart in accordance with the severity of heart failure. In the atrium of the failing heart, ANP and ANPmRNA levels were only two times higher than those in the normal atrium. Thus, the augmentation in the expression of the ANP gene was more prominent in the ventricle than in the atrium. Taking tissue weight into account, the total content of ANPmRNA in the ventricle of the failing heart is much the same as that in the normal atrium. The ratio of the ANP level to the ANPmRNA level in the ventricle is much smaller than that in the atrium. These results suggest more rapid secretion of ANP after synthesis in the ventricle. These findings demonstrate that the expression of the ANP gene is augmented in the human ventricle of the failing heart and suggest that the ventricle becomes a substantial source of circulating ANP in congestive heart failure.
Aged↗
Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide from the left ventricle in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
To examine whether atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) is released from the left ventricle in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) we measured plasma ANP level in the aortic root (Ao), the anterior interventricular vein (AIV), the great cardiac vein (GCV), and the coronary sinus (CS) in 11 patients with DCM and 18 control subjects. Plasma ANP levels in Ao, AIV, GCV, and CS were 454 +/- 360, 915 +/- 584, 1,308 +/- 926, and 1,884 +/- 1,194 pg/ml, respectively, in the patients with DCM and 108 +/- 42, 127 +/- 55, 461 +/- 224, and 682 +/- 341 pg/ml, respectively, in the control subjects. There was no significant difference in the plasma ANP levels between Ao and AIV in the control subjects. On the contrary, there was a significant (P less than 0.001) step-up in plasma ANP levels between Ao and AIV in patients with DCM. Thus, the difference in ANP levels between Ao and AIV was significantly increased in patients with DCM as compared with the control subjects (461 +/- 248 vs. 19 +/- 59 pg/ml, P less than 0.001). The difference in ANP levels between Ao and CS was also significantly increased in patients with DCM as compared with the control subjects (1,429 +/- 890 vs. 577 +/- 318 pg/ml, P less than 0.001). We conclude that ANP is released in increased amounts into the circulation from the left ventricle as well as from the heart as a whole in patients with DCM.
Aged↗
Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in response to cardiac pacing.
Effects of cardiac pacing on secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) were examined in 20 patients during cardiac catheterization under control conditions. The plasma ANP concentration in the coronary sinus (900 +/- 115 pg/ml) was significantly higher than those in the aorta (147 +/- 19 pg/ml) and the femoral vein (105 +/- 15 pg/ml) (p less than 0.001). The plasma ANP concentration was also significantly higher in the aorta than in the femoral vein (p less than 0.001). Its concentration at all three sites significantly increased during cardiac pacing (from 900 +/- 115 to 1461 +/- 218, from 147 +/- 19 to 250 +/- 36, and from 105 +/- 15 to 150 +/- 24 pg/ml, respectively). However, mean right atrial pressure and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure showed no significant changes between control conditions and during pacing (5 +/- 1 vs 6 +/- 1, and 8 +/- 1 vs 8 +/- 1 mmHg). Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between ANP secretion and the pressure in both atria. Thus, cardiac pacing can release ANP from the heart without increasing atrial pressure.
Adult↗
Histopathological study of corpora amylacea pulmonum.
In this paper, we present a rare disorder which is known as corpora amylacea pulmonum. X-ray CT scanning showed an abnormal focus of the lung as a solitary mass with high density and spicular features around the surface. The resected lung tissue was characterized by the appearance of round, concentrically laminated acellular bodies about 40-80 microns in diameter. The bodies were usually found lying free in the alveolar space and surrounded by the exudate alveolar macrophages or multinuclear giant cells. Some of these macrophages were in a state of progressive degeneration. The bodies showed an affinity for Congo red and exhibited partial birefringence. Moreover, all the bodies had a strong positivity for the PAS reaction and anti lysozyme antibodies. The exudate alveolar macrophages and multinuclear giant cells also displayed reactivity for PAS and lysozyme in a similar manner to that of the bodies. Electron microscopically the bodies were fundamentally composed of fibrillar elements, which bore some resemblance to amyloid fibrils and probably accounted for the partial affinity of the bodies for Congo red. These amyloid-like fibrils were also found in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. This suggested that the concentrically laminated bodies in corpora amylacea pulmonum might be formed by sequential aggregation, fusion, coalescence and compaction of degenerated alveolar macrophages.
Aged↗