PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Sarai

Publications and source records attributed to K Sarai.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A double-blind study of adjunctive carbamazepine versus placebo on excited states of schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders.

A multi-institutional double-blind study comparing the therapeutic effect of adjunctive carbamazepine and placebo with standard neuroleptic treatment was performed on 162 patients with DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenic (n = 127) or schizoaffective disorders (n = 35) who had excited states or aggressive/violent behavior that responded unsatisfactorily to neuroleptic treatment. The patients participated in a 4-week trial of carbamazepine plus neuroleptics (n = 82) or placebo plus neuroleptics (n = 80). The sum of patients with marked and moderate improvement was modestly larger in the carbamazepine group (48 vs. 30%, P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the carbamazepine and placebo groups in the changes of total BPRS scores, although the carbamazepine group showed more improvement on the items suspiciousness, uncooperativeness and excitement. The results suggest that carbamazepine, when used in combination with neuroleptics, is a useful drug for the treatment of excited states of patients with schizophrenic and schizoaffective disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Multiple [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin binding sites in rat brain: modulation by GTP and cations].

[3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ([3H]8-OH-DPAT) is thought to label a single population of serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor, but some reports implicate multiple binding sites exist. In addition, while 5-HT1A receptor activates or inhibits adenylate cyclase, 5-HT1A receptor high and low affinity states are not reported. In this experiment, we found that [3H]8-OH-DPAT had multiple binding sites, which contained 5-HT1A receptor high and low affinity states, in rat brain membranes. [3H]8-OH-DPAT saturation binding experiment revealed high and low affinity binding sites existed. High affinity binding site was dense in hippocampus and sparse in striatum. 5-HT agonist and antagonist biphasically displaced [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding in frontocortical, hippocampal, and striatal membranes. These drugs potently displaced high affinity [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding, but clomipramine (5-HT reuptake inhibitor) potently displaced low affinity binding. High affinity [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding site was decreased by guanosine triphosphate and Na+, but increased by divalent cations, implicating coupling with G protein(s). Low affinity [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding site was decreased by cations, especially by monovalent cations and Ca2+. After the destruction of 5-HT neuron by parachloroamphetamine, only the low affinity binding site decreased. These results indicate that [3H]8-OH-DPAT not only labels the 5-HT1A receptor high and low affinity states but has presynaptic binding site relating to 5-HT reuptake site.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1989

Rubidium (Rb) treatment of rats: biological effects and implications for psychiatry.

Experiments were carried out on rats in order to find out the implications for psychiatry of the basic biological effects of rubidium (Rb). The forced swimming test (FST), used to evaluate the effects on rats of treatment with Rb, was conducted after 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb was given chronically or subacutely. The weight of rats treated with 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb, once daily, was observed daily for two weeks. Rb levels in the blood and brain of rats treated with Rb chronically or subacutely were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The rectal temperature was observed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after injections of 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb. The increase in the mean body weight of treated rats was almost the same as that of the control. The rectal temperature in rats treated with Rb showed a hyperthermic response. With both the 1 and 3 mEq/kg Rb treatments, Rb levels in the brains were significantly higher in the chronic experiments than in the subacute experiments. The experiments conducted to determine the effect of chronic and subacute treatment of Rb are hereafter termed 'chronic experiment' and 'subacute experiment' respectively. Almost the same significant difference was also observed in the Rb levels in the blood. In the FST, a decrease in the mean immobility time was not observed in either the subacute or the chronic experiments. Thus, antidepressant effects, as judged from the FST, were not observed although Rb did actually accumulate in both brain and blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Serum neuroleptic activities required to inhibit relapse in schizophrenic patients--a study by radioreceptor assay.

1. The serum levels of antidopaminergic (anti-D2), anti-alpha-adrenergic (anti-NA) and antiserotonergic (anti-5HT2) activities of neuroleptics were determined in schizophrenic patients on maintenance treatment. 2. The patients whose conditions remained stable had significantly higher serum levels of anti-D2 and anti-5HT2 activities than those who were considered to be in unstable conditions after a period of remission. 3. However, the serum levels of anti-5HT2 activity in patients whose conditions remained stable varied as much as those of anti-NA activities did, so it appeared that from a pharmacological viewpoint anti-D2 activity of neuroleptics was the most important in preventing a relapse in schizophrenic patient. 4. The serum levels of anti-D2 activity required to prevent relapses differed for each neuroleptic. 5. The frequency of side effects increased concordant with increasing serum levels of anti-D2, anti-NA and anti-5HT2 activities, and unfortunately even minimum effective serum levels of anti-D2 activity elicited slight side effects in the majority patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of efficacy of zotepine and thiothixene in schizophrenia in a double-blind study.

Zotepine and thiothixene were compared for clinical efficacy and safety in a double-blind trial. Using overall improvement ratings and Gorham's BPRS, zotepine rated higher improvement in motor retardation, suspiciousness, mannerisms and posturing symptoms, suggesting that it has both activating and antipsychotic activities. Thiothixene produced higher improvement ratings in symptoms such as hallucinatory behavior, somatic concerns, anxiety, guilt feelings, tension, depressive mood and uncooperativeness. As for side effects, there was a significantly lower frequency of dry mouth and insomnia with zotepine when compared with thiothixene. The lower incidence of insomnia is interesting in view of zotepine's clinical activating effects. There were no abnormal laboratory findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative effects of combined dopamine and nitroprusside versus dobutamine and nitroprusside infusions for computer-controlled management of low-output cardiac failure after open heart surgery.

In order to evaluate the possible differences in response to two currently preferable inotropic-vasodilator drug combinations, the hemodynamic effects of automated infusions of nitroprusside-dobutamine and nitroprusside-dopamine were studied in two clinically similar groups of patients with low-output syndrome after aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Nitroprusside, when infused in combination with dopamine, was effective in lowering filling pressures of both ventricles and systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures reflecting the reversal of deleterious rise of these parameters including determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption (mean arterial pressure rate by +6%, heart rate by +20%) caused by dopamine (6 micrograms/kg/min) infused alone. The combination of the more cardioselective catecholamine dobutamine with nitroprusside brought about similar increase in cardiac output by 50%, but derived its hemodynamic efficiency from the sum of separate effects of components and produced less in the way of elevation of determinants of oxygen consumption. Dobutamine when infused alone (6 micrograms/kg/min) has not affected systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures and stroke index rose more markedly (+9%) as a result of more moderate heart rate increase (+13%). Nitroprusside contributed in an additive manner to the achieved overall reduction of SVR and PVR by 43% and 50%, resp., the automated infusion being helpful in maintaining these values within close tolerances.

Cardiac Output, Low↗
PubMed1985

[Pericardial effusions after heart surgery. Incidence and clinical sequelae].

The frequency and clinical outcome of pericardial effusions was investigated in 104 patients following open-heart surgery. A pre- and post-operative echocardiogram was made in all cases. Pericardial effusions were present in 26%, significantly more occurring after bypass surgery (37%) than after valve replacement (15%). In 4 out of 5 cases the effusion had no haemodynamic effect and in no instance was a repeat thoracotomy necessary. A significantly higher incidence of reduced exercise tolerance, increased heart rate, atrial fibrillation and a radiologically demonstrable increase in heart size of more than 10 mm, were indicative of the presence of pericardial effusions. In contrast, central venous pressure and blood pressure were no higher than in patients without pericardial effusion. Complication-free pericardial effusions thus occur frequently after cardiac surgery. A reliable diagnosis is only possible by means of echocardiography. It remains to be shown whether the long-term clinical progress is affected.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[In vitro study of transvenous commissurotomy in severe mitral valve stenoses using the balloon catheter].

To answer the question whether mitral commissurotomy with a balloon catheter is possible, the following in vitro study was performed. In 12 patients who were operated due to severe mitral stenosis the fibrotic (n = 8) or calcified (n = 4) valves were excised and mounted in a glass cylinder. In a first step a valvuloplasty was performed with a balloon catheter (size 20 mm). Mitral valve area increased by about 40%. With simultaneous inflation of a second balloon catheter (size 15 mm) valve area increased more than 100% and reached 1.63 cm2 in the mean. Valvuloplasty was successful (increase of at least 0.5 cm2) in 11/12 cases. In 9 valves the rupture occurred within the commissures, twice within the leaflets and once the opening area increased due to dilatation. Commissurotomy with a balloon catheter seems to be possible even in calcified mitral valves although in most cases a mild to moderate stenosis will remain.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Aortocoronary bypass operation in considerably reduced left-ventricular function caused by chronic ischemia].

Among a group of 18 patients with severe angina and an ejection fraction of less than 46%, cine-angiography was performed on 18, 2-D echocardiography on 18, radionuclide ventriculography on 13 and 201Thallium myocardial scintigraphy on 13 at rest, both pre-operatively and six months after an aortocoronary bypass operation. In nine patients there was a significant increase postoperatively in the ejection fraction (P less than 0.001) (group I), while it remained practically unchanged in the remainder (group II). Similar results were obtained with radionuclide ventriculography and echocardiography. Ischaemia at rest was demonstrated by myocardial scintigraphy preoperatively in an average of 10 out of 27 sectors in group I patients, but within six months postoperatively decreased to 3.1 (P less than 0.01). In group II patients the mean number of sectors with ischaemia at rest was pre-operatively 2.5, postoperatively 6.0. With one exception there was an improvement in left-ventricular function at rest in all patients with pre-operatively 7 or more sectors showing ischaemia at rest. These results suggest that myocardial scintigraphy makes it possible to identify those patients with severe ischaemic myocardial damage who would profit from revascularization.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1984

Effects of chronic sultopride treatment on endocrine systems in psychotic women.

The effects of chronic sultopride treatment on endocrine systems were studied using five schizophrenic women. Sultopride, an antipsychotic drug, was administered orally three times daily for 5 weeks in a daily dose of 300-600 mg. The serum prolactin levels increased significantly after 1 day of treatment, reaching a maximum at 1 week and remaining elevated during treatment. The serum GH levels declined temporarily after 1 week of treatment and then returned to normal values after 3-5 weeks of treatment. Sultopride had no significant effects on LH, FSH, TSH, insulin, estradiol-17 beta and cortisol basal levels. Serum sultopride levels measured by radioimmunoassay remained steady during treatment. These results showed that sultopride stimulates prolactin secretion in schizophrenic women, probably by blocking pituitary dopamine receptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Hemodynamic equivalence of automated nitroglycerin- and nitroprusside-infusions combined with dobutamine for augmentation of cardiac output in patients following aorta coronary bypass-operation.

In low-output cardiac failure with hypertension developing early after aortocoronary surgery, the currently preferred vasodilators nitroglycerin and nitroprusside proved to be equally successful and safe for the closed-loop control of mean arterial pressure. With NP- and NTG-induced MAP reduction to the present level of 80 mm Hg cardiac index increased similarly from 2.0 +/- 0.35 to 2.4 +/- 0.3 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.05) and from 1.9 +/- 0.29 to 2.2 +/- 0.26 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.05), respectively. Once adequate blood pressure fall was obtained, the addition of dobutamine at 6 micrograms/kg/min resulted under maintenance doses of NP and NTG averaging 1.6 +/- 0.4 and 4.6 +/- 1.8 micrograms/kg/min, respectively. A further improvement of cardiac performance manifested itself by cardiac index rise to 3.4 +/- 0.4 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.005) and 3.3 +/- 0.3 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.001), respectively. The NP-Db and NTG-Db regimens induced comparable reductions of rate - pressure-products reflecting a decrease of myocardial oxygen demands and facilitation of myocardial work.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[The effects of chronic methamphetamine and single haloperidol injections on thiamine and its phosphate ester levels in the rat brain].

The effects of chronic methamphetamine administration (10 mg/kg, ip) on thiamine and its phosphate esters in the rat brain were studied. Thiamine triphosphate (TTP) decreased significantly in correlation to the stereotyped behavior. However, thiamine, thiamine monophosphate (TMP) and thiamine diphosphate (TDP) did not change significantly. In the chronic methamphetamine intoxicated rat, TMP and TDP decreased immediately after a single haloperidol injection (10 mg/kg, ip), and the level of TDP decreased significantly TTP in the brain, however, did not change for 60 minutes. Further studies on the relationship between biogenic amines and TTP which is supposed to be a neuroactive agent would be required.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of acute and chronic toluene inhalation on behavior and (3H)-serotonin binding in rat.

Toluene inhalation (0.7% in air) induced in rats abnormal neurological states resembling the serotonin syndrome, such as hindlimb abduction, resting tremor and head weaving. The frequency and intensity of these responses were unchanged after two weeks of exposure (0.7% in air, 15 min/day for 14 days), indicating an absence of tolerance development. An examination of specific serotonin (3H-5HT) binding to crude synaptic membranes prepared from brains of rats subjected to acute and chronic toluene exposure revealed that while no changes in either apparent Kd or apparent Bmax occurred in acutely exposed animals, in chronically treated animals specific (3H)-5HT binding decreased in hippocampus and pons + medulla oblongata. These results indicate that serotonergic mechanisms may play a role in some of the effects of toluene inhalation in rats, but cannot explain the absence of tolerance development after chronic exposure to toluene.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of efficacy of a new butyrophenone derivative, timiperone and perphenazine in schizophrenia by a multicentre controlled study.

The efficacy of timiperone in schizophrenia as compared with perphenazine was assessed in a double-blind fashion in 205 patients throughout a 12-week treatment period. More than half of the subjects were chronic schizophrenics. Global improvement in the timiperone treatment group was superior to that in the perphenazine group in view of a lower rate of aggravation. With regard to overall safety and general usefulness rating, there were no significant differences between the two drug treatments. However, timiperone showed less frequency of excitability, irritability, anxiety and anorexia than perphenazine on occasions during the 12 week treatment period. From these results it may be concluded that the efficacy of timiperone could be superior or equivalent to that of perphenazine which has been confirmed to be of use as an antipsychotic.

Adolescent↗