Biomedical subjects

K Stoltze

Publications and source records attributed to K Stoltze.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Is pre-term labour associated with periodontitis in a Danish maternity ward?

OBJECTIVES: To reveal differences in periodontal status and presence of subgingival bacteria in a Scandinavian population of women with pre-term birth compared with women who delivered at term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one women with pre-term labour (before week 35) and 33 women with term labour (between weeks 38 and 41) were included in this case-control study. Periodontal measurements included plaque index (PlI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Inter-proximal distances from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the marginal bone crest (MBC) were measured on bitewing radiographs. In 31 patients (16 cases and 15 controls) the subgingival plaque was analysed using "checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: Differences between the two examined groups were found related to "Twin births" (p=0.0064) and "Smokers" (p=0.03). None of the periodontal measurements showed any association. Significant differences were found concerning presence of Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola, Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguis and Capnocytophaga ochracea but when defining sites with >10(5) bacteria as heavily colonized, no statistical difference was found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: A relation between pre-term birth and periodontitis was not revealed in the present study.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Long-term treatment outcome of oral premalignant lesions.

The purpose of the present retrospective study was to learn the long-term outcome of oral premalignant lesions, leukoplakia and erythroplakia, with or without surgical intervention and to relate the outcome to factors supposed to be significant for malignant development including clinical type, demarcation, size, site, presence of epithelial dysplasia, smoking and surgery. A total of 269 lesions in 236 patients were included. Ninety-four lesions were surgically removed, 39 lesions (41%) being homogenous and 46 (49%) non-homogenous leukoplakias whereas nine (5%) were erythroplakias. Seventy-three percent of the lesions were associated with tobacco habits. The mean size of the lesions was 486 mm(2), and 71% of the lesions showed a degree of epithelial dysplasia. After excision the defects were closed primarily by transposition of mucosal flaps or they were covered by free mucosal or skin grafts. A few defects were left for secondary healing. After surgical treatment the patients were followed (mean 6.8 yrs, range 1.5-18.6 yrs), and new biopsies taken in case of recurrences. One hundred and seventy five lesions had no surgical intervention, 149 lesions (85%) being homogenous and 20 (11%) non-homogenous leukoplakias, and 6 (3%) erythroplakias. Eighty-one percent of the lesions were associated with smoking. The mean size of the lesions was 503 mm(2) and 21 of the lesions (12%) exhibited epithelial dysplasia. Sixty-five lesions were not biopsied. These patients were also followed (mean 5.5 yrs, range 1.1-20.2 yrs), and biopsies taken in case of changes indicative of malignant development. All patients were encouraged to quit smoking and candidal infections were treated. The possible role of different variables for malignant development was estimated by means of logistic regression analysis. Following surgical treatment 11 lesions (12%) developed carcinoma after a mean follow-up period of 7.5 yrs. Non-homogenous leukoplakia accounted for the highest frequency of malignant development, i.e. 20%, whereas 3% of the homogenous leukoplakias developed carcinomas. Surgically treated lesions with slight, moderate, severe and no epithelial dysplasia developed carcinoma with similar frequencies, i.e. 9-11%. Without surgical intervention 16% of the 175 lesions disappeared whereas seven lesions (4%) developed carcinoma after a mean observation period of 6.6 yrs. The highest frequency of malignant development (15%) was seen for non-homogenous leukoplakias, this figure being 3% for homogenous leukoplakias. Fourteen percent of lesions with slight epithelial dysplasia developed malignancy and 2% of lesions with no dysplasia showed malignant transformation. Logistic regression analysis showed a seven times increased risk (OR = 7.0) of non-homogenous leukoplakia for malignant development as compared with homogenous leukoplakia and a 5.4 times increased risk for malignant development for lesions with a size exceeding 200 mm(2). No other examined variables including presence of any degree of epithelial dysplasia, site, demarcation, smoking and surgical intervention were statistically significant factors for malignant development.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

The effect of spironolactone on experimental periodontitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have been found in patients with adult periodontitis. Animal studies have shown that TNF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. New findings suggest that the aldosterone-inhibitor spironolactone possesses an anti-TNF effect. The purpose of the study was to determine the anti-TNF effect of spironolactone in an endotoxic shock rat model and to disclose the effect of oral administration of spironolactone on the development of experimental periodontitis in rats. METHODS: The study was divided in two parts. Part 1: oral administration of spironolactone (100 mg/kg) followed by intravenous lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg) infusion 45 min later. Blood samples were taken before and 90 min after lipopolysaccharide infusion to determine the TNF levels in spironolactone treated and non-treated rats. Part 2: oral administration of spironolactone [100 mg/(kg day)] starting 2 days prior to induction of experimental periodontitis established by peridental ligatures. Morphometrical and radiographical registrations of alveolar bone destruction were carried out to determine the effect of spironolactone on the progression of experimental periodontitis. RESULTS: In part 1 the endotoxic shock model showed a significant reduction in TNF levels in the spironolactone-treated group compared to the non-treated group, suggesting that spironolactone acts as a TNF inhibitor. In part 2 spironolactone-treated rats did not demonstrate significantly less alveolar bone destruction compared to non-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: The insignificant effect of spironolactone treatment could be explained by the fast metabolism of spironolactone and that spironolactone does not completely inhibit TNF production in rats. Moreover, many other cytokines and mediators involved in alveolar bone destruction may account for the lacking response to spironolactone.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2003

Masticatory and nutritional aspects on fixed and removable partial dentures.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate mastication, food selection and nutritional aspects in two groups of persons restored with fixed (FPD, N=44) and removable (RPD, N=40) partial dentures respectively. The subjects were part of a cohort study of 67-68-year-old men living in Malmö, Sweden. The two groups were very similar regarding social factors and the inclusion criteria were chosen so that the groups were very equal regarding oral factors, apart from the difference in fixed and removable partial dentures. The number of natural teeth, number of replaced teeth and occlusal contacts did not differ significantly between the two groups, nor did the distribution of maxillary and mandibular dentures. A comprehensive examination of several general health factors included a home interview of dietary habits. A clinical examination included a 20-minute oral examination with registration of number of teeth, FPDs, RPDs, and occlusal contacts. It also included masticatory tests: chewing gum colour mixing, chewing gum bolus shaping, and swallowing threshold (number of strokes to the first swallow of an almond). The consumption of hard and soft foods was revealed by the dietary interview as well as the intake of energy and some nutrients. There was a significant difference between the groups regarding the capacity to mix the two-coloured chewing gum, to shape the chewing gum bolus and in the consumption of hard foods. There was no difference in the swallowing threshold and the consumption of soft foods. The intake of energy and nutrients did not differ significantly between the groups. The differences in masticatory capacity found thus seem to have little, if any, effect on the factors of importance for general health. A reasonable explanation for the differences found is that artificial teeth that are well retained, such as FPDs, make more active chewing possible than do removable, and often somewhat loose-fitting partial dentures.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

The pre-natal development and osseous growth of the human cerebellar field.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the pre-natal development of the bones that enclose the cerebellum and part of the brain stem (the neuro-osteological cerebellar field) in the mid-sagittal plane. DESIGN: Radiographic, cephalometric and histologic examination of normal pre-natal human fetuses; 50 normal fetuses, with crown-rump length of 18-227 mm and approximate gestational age from 6 to 26 weeks. RESULTS: The cerebellar field expressed extensive growth during development both sagittally and vertically. Because of changes in shape, the field was displaced in an anterio-caudal direction. CONCLUSION: In the present study we recorded normal measurements of size, shape and position of the cerebellar field. These standards can be used as references in skeletal analysis of cases with cranial abnormalities and cerebellar malformations.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2003

The prenatal development of the human cerebellar field in Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of the osseous field enclosing the cerebellum and part of the brain stem (the neuro-osteological cerebellar field) in Down syndrome, and compare the development with normal developmental standard of the field. DESIGN: Radiographic, cephalometric and histologic examination of 58 legally or spontaneously aborted Down syndrome prenatal human fetuses; crown-rump length of 80-255 mm and approximate gestational age from 13 to 26 weeks. RESULTS: The growth of the Down syndrome cerebellar field is smaller in the sagittal and vertical directions than in normal fetuses. CONCLUSION: In the present study the pathological development of the cerebellar field was described in a genotypic sample. In combining normal and pathological development of neural and osseous tissues a better understanding of the genotype/phenotype interactions is attainable and fields of common gene expression maybe defined.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed2001

Effect of Gyrodactylus derjavini infections on cortisol production in rainbow trout fry.

Cortisol production in fry of rainbow trout (367-456 mg body weight) infected with the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini (mean intensities 4.7 and 4.9 parasites per fish) was studied at two temperature levels, 4-6 degrees C and 11-12 degrees C, respectively. Due to difficulties in obtaining an adequate amount of plasma from the small sized fish, the corticosteroid concentration was measured in the body fluid recovered (as supernatant) after sonication and centrifugation of whole fry. Infected fry at 11-12 degrees C showed an elevated level of cortisol compared to uninfected fry. However, the cortisol concentration was lower than in fish exposed to handling stress. At 4 degrees C, the cortisol level in infected fish compared to uninfected was insignificantly increased. The findings are discussed in relation to the role of monogeneans as inducers of secondary infections.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

A clinical index for evaluating and monitoring dental erosion.

This study describes a new fine-scaled system for classifying initial and advanced dental erosions. The system includes the use of study casts of the teeth in an epoxy resin with an accurate surface reproduction. The severity of erosion on each tooth surface is scored according to six grades of severity. In addition, the presence of a Class V restoration and dental erosion on the same surface increases the erosion score, as it is assumed that the need for restorative treatment can be caused by the erosion. A high inter-examiner agreement was found when the present scoring system was used by two examiners on the same sample. With this prerequisite it is proposed that an index value for facial, oral, incisal/occlusal and cervical surfaces is calculated as the mean value of scores for the respective surfaces. The index values represent the severity of tooth substance loss in various locations of the oral cavity and are furthermore suitable for data analysis. The system is thereby well-suited for determining etiologic factors and monitoring the progression of erosion over time.

Disease Progression↗

PubMed1998

Dissolution of type I collagen fibrils by gingival fibroblasts isolated from patients of various periodontitis categories.

The classification of periodontitis in various disease categories, including juvenile periodontitis, rapidly progressive adult periodontitis and slowly progressive adult periodontitis is based mainly on differences in disease progression and age group susceptibility. Because dissolution of collagen fibers is an integral part of periodontal attachment loss, we investigated whether the clinical differences among these periodontitis/control groups are reflected in the collagen-degrading activity of gingival fibroblasts isolated from affected tissues. All fibroblast strains isolated from the 4 groups (n = 48) displayed cell-associated collagenolytic activity when seeded in contact with a reconstituted film of type I collagen fibrils. Cells from the control group (n = 14) dissolved the collagen fibril film twice as fast as those from each of the 3 disease groups (juvenile periodontitis (n = 13), rapidly progressive adult periodontitis (n = 7), and slowly progressive adult periodontitis (n = 14)). Both interleukin-1 beta and phorbolester accelerated the rate of dissolution 2-4-fold, but even after cytokine or phorbolester stimulation control cells were still considerably more effective in dissolving the collagen fibrils than cells from the disease groups. The observation made in this study, that dissolution of collagen fibrils by gingival fibroblasts from periodontally diseased individuals is significantly slower than by cells from healthy control subjects, challenges disease paradigms based on a direct relationship between collagenolytic potential and disease activity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Marginal bone level after Le Fort I osteotomy.

The object of the study was to assess the effect of Le Fort I osteotomy and maxillary interdental osteotomy on the marginal bone level. Forty patients (25 female, 15 male, mean age 24 years, range 15-46) treated for dentofacial deformities comprised the subjects of the study and underwent Le Fort I osteotomy with or without simultaneous interdental osteotomy. Outcome was measured by marginal bone level measured in radiographs before and 1 year after operation. All patients had good oral hygiene. There was an overall significant mean marginal bone loss of 0.2 mm at surfaces without interdental osteotomy (P = 0.001). When the bone loss of the different types of teeth was considered separately, only those of central incisors (0.5 mm, P = 0.0001) and canines (0.4 mm, P = 0.004) were significant. Interdental osteotomy caused an overall mean marginal bone loss of 0.4 mm, but this was not significantly different from that of teeth without interdental osteotomy (P = 0.07). When the bone loss of different types of teeth after interdental osteotomy was considered separately, the only difference that achieved significance was that of premolars (0.3 mm, P = 0.04). Though there were significant differences, none of them was large enough to have any clinical relevance. Le Fort I osteotomy and interdental osteotomy may only in a few instances cause marginal bone loss of clinical relevance. However, the present study was performed on patients with good oral hygiene. The above conclusions may therefore not be valid for patients who, prior to surgery, already have a compromised marginal bone level.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of peri-implant radiolucencies--an in vitro experiment.

The absence of a peri-implant radiolucency on radiographs is used as a criterion for implant success. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosing peri-implant radiolucencies using an experimental model. Astra Tech fixtures were inserted into 20 bony specimens. Later, the fixtures were removed and the prepared cavities were enlarged in 2 steps. The specimens were radiographed under strictly standardized circumstances in the 3 stages ("press-fit" = simulated osseointegration, and "0.1 mm space" and "0.175 mm space" = simulated connective tissue layer). All specimens were radiographed with 2 vertical angulations (0 degree and 15 degrees). Ten observers read the radiographs and evaluated bone-implant relationship on a 5-point scale. The interobserver agreement was low. Specificity was remarkably low, and sensitivity was moderate. A significant difference in diagnostic accuracy was found for 0.175 mm peri-implant-space compared to 0.1 mm space. The diagnostic accuracy was found to be highest for 0.175 mm peri-implant space specimens. It is concluded, that radiography seems to be an unreliable method for diagnosing peri-implant spaces, although accuracy improved at increasing space widths. Strict orthogonal projection angles did not improve diagnostic accuracy.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed1996

Influence of conventional forceps extraction and extraction with an extrusion instrument on cementoblast loss and external root resorption of replanted monkey incisors.

Cementoblast loss and root resorption on the root surface was registered histologically after removal and immediate replantation of maxillary central incisors in monkeys (Cecropithecus aethiops). Incisors were removed with either a conventional extraction technique using forceps or with a special designed extrusion instrument and in both cases teeth were immediately replanted. Altogether 18 monkeys were used for the experiments in which 9 monkeys were sacrificed after 3 d and 9 animals after 8 wk. Histological analysis was made in horizontal sections perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth using either 24 measuring points or 12 sections. Histometric analysis showed extensive cementoblast loss in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and with a maximum of damage occurring on the corner surfaces of the root. Extracted teeth showed significantly more extensive cementoblast loss than extruded teeth. Root resorption was also found in the corner locations and was significantly more frequent in extracted than in extruded teeth. There was a similarity in the distribution of cementoblast loss and root resorption indicating that root resorption develops in the same areas where cementoblast loss takes place, i.e. locations that are more compressed during removal of the tooth and must have caused by mechanical damage to the PDL exerted on the root surface during tooth removal.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Elimination of Elyzol 25% Dentalgel matrix from periodontal pockets.

Elyzo 25% Dentalgel (EDG) which is developed for use in the treatment of periodontitis is a suspension of metronidazole benzoate (40%) in a mixture of glyceryl mono-oleate (GMO) and triglyceride (sesame oil). Metronidazole can be detected in the periodontal pockets 24-36 h after application. The aim of the present study was to estimate the period of time that the gel matrix persists on periodontal pockets after 1 application of EDG. 12 patients were included in the study. From each patient, 1 sample was taken before and immediately after, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after application. Subgingival scaling followed by absorption of gingival crevicular fluid with filter paper was used for sampling. The sampling unit was 1 tooth. Each sample was assayed for the amount of GMO and oleic acid (a degradation product of GMO) by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. To allow determination of the GMO dose applied into the pockets and to estimate the recovery rate of the sampling method, 1 tooth in each patient was selected for sampling as soon as the gel had set, i.e., about 10 min after application. Only in 1 patient was a detectable amount of GMO within the pocket revealed 24 h after application. This amount was approximately 0.5% of the mean GMO dose applied around 1 tooth. GMO was found no longer than 12 h in the remaining patients.

Absorption↗

PubMed1994

Comparison of a manual and a new electric toothbrush for controlling plaque and gingivitis.

In the present clinical trial, the effect on existing plaque and gingivitis of a new electric toothbrush (ET) was compared to that of a manual toothbrush (MT). 40 medical students, age 18-30 years, participated. Plaque index (PlI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded at 6 sites at all teeth. At baseline, a PlI and GI > 1 were required. The participants were at random allocated to a group using either ET or MT and were instructed only to use the assigned toothbrush, brushing each morning and evening for 2 min. No oral hygiene instruction was given. Re-examination was done after 1, 2 and 6 weeks. In the MT group, a minor decrease in mean PlI was found after 6 weeks (all sites: from 1.2 to 1.1, approximal sites: from 1.4 to 1.2). The corresponding figures in the ET group were: 1.2 to 0.6 and 1.4 to 0.8. After 6 weeks, the % of sites with visible plaque with MT was: 24% (all sites) and 30% (approximal sites) and with ET 8% and 9%, respectively. With MT, mean GI was unchanged after 6 weeks compared to baseline, whereas with ET, the changes were from 1.1 to 0.9 (all sites) and from 1.1 to 1.0 (approximal sites). The % of sites with GI score > or = 2 had not changed after 6 weeks with MT (all sites: 11%, approximal sites: 13%). With ET, these results were 3% and 4%, respectively.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Oral candidiasis and immune status of HIV-infected patients.

A total of 84 HIV-infected homosexual men having either normal oral mucosa (NOM), erythematous candidiasis (EC) or pseudomembranous candidiasis (PsC) were included in the study. The patients were evaluated by median number of peripheral CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells and by lymphocyte function assessed by poke-weed mitogen test. There was a significant difference between CD4+ counts among patients with the two subtypes of candidiasis (95% CI of median difference: 10-240/mm3; P = 0.03), but not for pokeweed mitogen response. Survival analysis showed that after 2 y there was no significant difference in development of AIDS between patients with EC and PsC (P = 0.29). If patients with both types of oral candidiasis were pooled and compared with patients with NOM, a significant difference in development of AIDS was found (P = 0.04). It is concluded that HIV-infected patients with oral candidiasis of any subtype (EC or PsC) are significantly more immune suppressed and show a faster development of AIDS than HIV-infected patients with NOM. However, in this cohort, EC and PsC are of equal importance as predictors for immune suppression and AIDS development.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1993

Ligature-induced marginal inflammation around osseointegrated implants and ankylosed teeth.

The purpose of the investigation was to gain more understanding of marginal inflammatory reactions around osseointegrated implants. The significance of the lacking periodontal ligament of implants was examined in the initial breakdown phase of supporting tissues by comparing clinical and radiographic manifestations of ligature-induced marginal inflammation related to osseointegrated implants with those around ankylosed and normal control teeth in 8 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Bilateral extraction of the first and second mandibular molars was carried out initially, and 12 weeks later 2 implants were placed in each side. Ankylosis of the second maxillary molars was established by extracting and replanting the teeth after a drying period. When ankylosis and osseointegration were established, ligature-induced marginal inflammation was induced in the right or left side at random around implants, ankylosed teeth and normal control teeth (second maxillary premolar) for 7 weeks. Although the clinical manifestations as expressed by plaque score, gingival score, probing depth and attachment loss were quite similar, the radiographic features differed. Significant loss of bone height was limited to implants and ankylosed teeth and did not occur in relation to normal control teeth. Furthermore, the bone loss around implants was significantly greater than the loss around ankylosed teeth. Bone loss was limited to implants and ankylosed teeth; the study therefore suggests that the presence of marginal inflammation around implants and ankylosed teeth may have more serious implications than does marginal inflammation around teeth with a periodontal ligament. However, variations in microbiota and susceptibility of different jaw positions to periodontal breakdown may influence the results of this study.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed1993

Miconazole chewing gum for treatment of chronic oral candidosis.

A chewing gum containing the antifungal drug miconazole may be convenient for topical treatment of oral candidosis. Therefore a trial was performed to examine the effect and tolerance of miconazole chewing gum in comparison with miconazole gel in the treatment of oral candidosis. The study group consisted of 32 patients with oral candidosis harboring yeasts, predominantly Candida spp. Half of the patients chewed one piece of chewing gum (dose: 3.6 mg of miconazole) four times daily; the other half dispersed a 2% gel (dose: 50 mg of miconazole) in the oral cavity four times daily. After 6 wk of treatment, there was no clinical evidence of yeast infection in either of the two groups. No significant differences between the two groups were found in clinical, mycologic, and cytologic investigations conducted after 3 and 6 wk of treatment or at the follow-up examination 4 wk after termination of the treatment. The results indicate that miconazole released from chewing gum is as effective as miconazole gel. The chewing gum reduced the dosage of miconazole for treatment of oral candidosis, and the patients approved the chewing gum as a pleasant medicament.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1993

Effect of LongoVital treatment on development of periodontal disease in rats.

LongoVital is a herbal tablet with documented immunostimulatory effects in man. In the present study the effect of LongoVital on development of periodontal disease was investigated in a rat model. Fifty-four conventional rats, 5 wk old, were distributed into the following groups: A) untreated, uninfected; B) untreated, infected with Actinomyces viscosus and Porphyromonas gingivalis wk 8; C) treated with LongoVital 80 mg x 3/wk, wk 5-14, uninfected; D) treated with LongoVital 80 mg x 3/wk, wk 5-14, infected with A. viscosus and P. gingivalis wk 8; E) treated with LongoVital 200 mg x 1 in wk 8 and 80 mg wk 9-14, uninfected; F) infected with A. viscosus and P. gingivalis wk 8, subsequently treated with LongoVital 200 mg x 1 in wk 8 and 80 mg wk 9-14. All animals were killed when they were 15 wk old, and periodontal bone support was assessed radiographically. Statistically significant bone loss was found in untreated, infected rats, as compared with untreated, uninfected rats. In LongoVital-treated animals, no significant difference was seen in bone level between infected and uninfected rats. These results indicate that LongoVital-treated rats were protected against periodontal bone loss caused by infection with A. viscosus and P. gingivalis. Furthermore, the protection seemed effective both when LongoVital was administered prophylactically and after exposure to periodontal pathogens. The active components of LongoVital, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the protection, remain obscure.

Actinomyces viscosus↗