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Biomedical subjects

K Taguchi

Publications and source records attributed to K Taguchi.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Relationship between movements of the head and the center of gravity of the body in Menière's disease.

The body sway of the patients with unilateral and bilateral Ménière's disease was recorded by using a cephalograph and a stabilometer, and analyzed with a microcomputer. The results show that the locus type, locus area and locus length traced by the head's center and the body's center of gravity are useful parameters of the body sway, representing the characteristics of peripheral vestibular disorders. The noteworthy characteristics are shown in the right-and-left type and forward-and-backward type in statokinesigram, in the significant differences of locus area and/or locus length between the head movement and the movement of the center of gravity, and the change of the averaged divisional frequencies of the body sway with eye-closing.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMed1985

On fluctuation of hearing in otitis media with effusion after myringotomy.

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is known to occur in school or preschool children. Its chief symptom is hearing disturbance without otalgia. One of its effective therapies is myringotomy and suction of secretion out of its morbid tympanic cavities. This improvement differs with frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to present the mechanism of hearing recovery after myringotomy. The mean audiogram of OME showed a flat shape with 0 dB of bone conduction and 37.5 dB of air conduction. Hearing level after myringotomy recovered at high tones, but not recovered at low ones. One week later, the mean audiogram without perforations of eardrums showed hearing improvement at low tones. These findings suggested that slower recovery at low tones might be due to incision of an eardrum and closure of its perforation. To confirm this hypothesis we performed an experiment, by which the vibratory mechanism of a thin membrane was disclosed. The result showed that the vibratory modality of a membrane was influenced by incision of it. In conclusion, it is considered that though myringotomy of OME gets hearing improvement, it could result in hearing impairment, probably due to the vibratory modality of an eardrum.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Elastofibroma of the greater omentum.

A rare case of elastofibroma developing in the greater omentum of a 76 years old woman was reported. The greater omentum was thickened in a plate-like shape to a size of 24 X 15 X 2 cm, and a firm mass as large as 5 X 4 X 3 cm was formed in a portion of the omentum. Granulomatous inflammation associated with the calcification was present in the center region of the mass. Collagen fibers and elastofibroma fibers were markedly proliferated around the granuloma. Fibrosis accompanied with the formation of elastofibroma fibers was observed not only around the granulomatous inflammatory focus but also throughout the thickened omentum. The elastofibroma fiber in this case lost its stainability to resorcin-fuchsin and orcein after 4 hours treatment with elastase. It may be inferred that not only mechanical stresses but also inflammatory stimuli contribute to the development of elastofibroma.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on coccidiosis in guinea pigs. 2. Epizootiological survey].

An epizootiological survey has been carried out on naturally occurring coccidiosis in Hartley guinea pigs (weight, 250g) purchased by the National Institute of Health, Tokyo during the period 1964 to 1982. Coccidial infections in breeding colonies of guinea pigs were observed very frequently in weaned animals but scarcely in adult and suckling animals. Oocysts of Eimeria caviae were detected in 53.8% of the 7,162 fecal samples collected from transportation boxes and coccidiosis occurred in 39% of the 1,461 dead or culled animals obtained during the routine one week quarantine period. In the period 1964 to 1971, particularly high rates of prevalence of oocysts, between 55-86%, and incidence of coccidiosis, between 55-76%, were observed. These rates were clearly reduced in the period 1972 to 1982, with a lower rate of isolation of oocysts ranging from 14-48% and les than 20% incidence of coccidiosis (except in 1981 and 1982). The monthly fluctuation of occurrence rates of oocysts and clinical coccidiosis differed over the period of study. From 1964 to 1971, the high prevalence of oocysts was consistently observed accompanied by a bimodal pattern of incidence of coccidiosis in April (85%) and October (78%). In the period 1972 to 1982, both parameters showed a single peak, for prevalence of oocysts in June (60.7%) and for incidence of coccidiosis in May (45%). Oocysts in feces disappeared in February and March and coccidiosis occurred irregularly in 1981 and 1982.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1985

[Occurrence of sick animals in conventional guinea pigs obtained from commercial breeders during 1964 to 1982].

A quarantine was performed on conventional Hartley guinea pigs free from Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Salmonella spp., but infected with Eimeria caviae, which were purchased from twenty-five commercial breeders by the National Institute of Health. Physical examinations revealed an incidence of 0.88 per cent or 1,461 sick animals in 166, 050 guinea pigs quarantined during the period 1964 to 1982. The result obtained showed the following significant differences between the periods 1964 to 1971 and 1972 to 1982: Annual incidence of sick animals in the period 1972 to 1982 increased twice as many as 0.56 to 0.81 per cent during the 1964 to 1971, and monthly incidence showed bimodal occurrence at April and October in the former period but continual occurrence from November to April in the latter period. Major clinical signs in the former period were death and diarrhea, which occurred usually within a week after arrival of the guinea pigs at our institute and caused significant decrease of body weight, but those in the latter period were retarded growth and weakness which became detectable during 1-3 weeks after arrival of the animals. Discussions were made on possible reasons concerning the differences in incidence of sick animals during the two periods.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Correlation between postoperative decrement of hematocrit and osmolarity in neurosurgical patients].

UNLABELLED: After neurosurgical treatment, surgeons sometimes observe decreased hematocrit (Ht), though fluid as well as blood transfusions were properly given during and after surgery. This study was performed to investigate the effects of osmotic change on the decrease in Ht. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Subjects were 153 patients who underwent neurosurgical treatment. Group 1: 39 patients with parasellar tumor. Group 2: 35 patients with anterior cerebral aneurysm. Group 3: other 79 patients with brain tumor or aneurysm except Group 1 and 2. As the controls, 50 patients undergoing intraabdominal operations. During the pre- and postoperative course, blood examination (Ht, RBC, blood glucose, BUN, electrolyte and blood gases), measurements of osmotic pressure (of serum, urine and cerebrospinal fluid), and checks of blood and water balance and vital signs were performed. RESULTS: As compared with the control group in which Ht decreased clearly but slightly, the neurosurgically-treated groups showed marked decreases in Ht on the 2nd to 4th day after surgery. Of them, groups 1 and 2 showed more prominent decreases. On the 1st to 4th day after surgery, serum sodium levels of groups 1, 2 and 3 increased more clearly than that of the control group. Urine volumes of groups 1 and 2 were larger during one postoperative week, and cases of diabetes insipidus were included. No significant difference was found in water balance and urinary osmotic pressure. Relationships between the serum osmotic pressure and serum sodium content, cerebrospinal fluid osmotic pressure and serum sodium content, and cerebrospinal fluid and serum osmotic pressure were seen. We lay stress on the inverse correlation between the decrease in Ht and the time-course of serum osmotic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Water↗
PubMed1985

[A case of simple form of sudanophilic leukodystrophy of a child which showed a marked loss of cerebral white matter and fatty liver].

A sporadic case of sudanophilic leukodystrophy of the simple form (Peiffer) was reported. The patient was three-year-old girl who had suffered from progressive developmental retardation and neurological disorders such as ataxia, cortical blindness and spastic paralysis of the extremities for eighteen months after she had showed normal development till one and a half years old and died from respiratory insufficiency. On admission, computerized tomogram scan demonstrated diffuse low density lesions of the cerebral white matter extending subsequently to the subcortical white matter. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed only slight increase of protein. Lysosomal enzyme activities such as arylsulfatase and beta-galactosidase in the white blood cells were normal except for distinctly low activity of a-mannosidase without any clinical symptoms suggesting a-mannosidase deficiency. Amino acids in blood were normal. The brain weighed 900 gm. On the coronal sections most part of the cerebral white matter was so strongly degenerated and disappeared that the lateral ventricular structure was not discernible. Histologically, a diffuse and symmetrical demylination, loss of axons including U fibers and moderate gliosis were observed in the residual white matter in the cerebrum and pons. There was no inflammatory cells and metachromatic substances. Large amount of sudanophilic droplets showing polarizing cross and needle like crystals were found in the intra- and/or extracytoplasm of macrophages. Demyelinated lesions with little tissue reaction were also found in the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and in pyramidal tracts through midbrain to cervical spinal cord. There were slight loss of neurons and moderate astrocytosis in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. There were no Rosenthal fibers and no sparing of islets of myelin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain↗
PubMed1984

Clinical significance of head movement while stepping.

Head movement of normal subjects and patients with peripheral vestibular disorders while stepping was recorded using three accelerometers, a multi-channel telemeter and a microcomputer. The head movement registered from normal subjects was stable at a stepping speed of 1.2 or 1.4 steps/sec. Patients with peripheral vestibular disorders (except for BPPV) showed significantly greater head movement values in all three directions and smaller ratios of anteroposterior component to lateral component in the head movement, as compared with those of normal subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Histological statistics of malignant urogenital tumors].

A statistic survey was carried out on the histology of the 465 malignant tumors at our urological department during the last 10 years. The most frequent tumors were bladder tumor (50%), prostatic tumor (17%) and renal tumor (15%). Histological typing and grading were tabulated for each tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Primary seminal vesicle carcinoma in a 19-year-old male].

A 19-year-old male with papillary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle with cyst is reported. Cytological and histopathological studies were carried out and the relevant literature was perused. There are only 6 cases of carcinoma and 40 cases of cyst of the seminal vesicle in the Japanese literature. Moreover, ours is the first reported case of the co-existence of carcinoma and cyst in the seminal vesicle. There may be a pathogenetic relationship between the carcinoma and cyst in our case.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1983

Changes in blood cortisol and aldosterone levels and ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex during hemorrhagic shock.

Changes of secretory activity and structure of the adrenal cortex were observed in dogs subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Blood cortisol and aldosterone levels were rapidly increased after hemorrhage. The cortisol level reached a maximum value about 5 times that of normal 1 h after hemorrhage, while aldosterone levels attained maximum levels showing a 10-fold increase over normal, considerably later (at the end of the impending stage) than the cortisol. Cortisol secretion was quickly depleted at the end of critical stage and terminal stage of normovolemic shock, while the aldosterone secretion remained relatively high. Morphologically, sticking of leukocytes to the sinusoidal wall and accumulation of SER around lipid droplets in the fasciculata and reticularis cells became conspicuous 1 h after hemorrhage. At the end of the impending stage, infiltration of leukocytes occurred in the zona fasciculata and reticularis. Irregular masses of fibrin strands appeared in the sinusoidal space and at large gaps of the sinusoidal wall. Degenerative changes such as aggregation of SER, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and edema were observed in the cells of zona fasciculata and reticularis, especially of inner half of the former. At the end of the critical stage, small necrotic foci and hemorrhage with inflammatory infiltration were scattered in the inner half of the zona fasciculata. Degeneration of the cells of zona fasciculata and reticularis became more severe in this period, while the cells of zona glomerulosa remained unchanged. At the terminal stage of normovolemic shock after reinfusion, degeneration and necrosis were remarkable in the cells of zona fasciculata and reticularis, especially of the inner half of the zona fasciculata. Moreover, destruction of cordal structure, hemorrhage and inflammatory infiltration were distinct in the zona fasciculata and reticularis, while the zona glomerulosa was relatively well preserved.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1983

Influence of drugs on evoked potentials in the cat cerebellum: II. Effects of morphine hydrochloride (1).

Effects of morphine hydrochloride on the cerebellum were examined in cats. Morphine (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased the potentials by superficial radial nerve (SR), nucleus reticularis lateralis (LRN), or nucleus olivaris inferior (ION) stimulation on the cerebellar cortices. These effects were antagonized by naloxone hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.). In the LRN or ION, morphine decreased the potentials evoked by SR stimulation. In the LRN- or ION-lesioned cat, morphine decreased the potentials evoked by SR stimulation on the cerebellar cortices. This opiate decreased the potentials evoked by tooth pulp stimulation on the vermis, and this effect was also antagonized by naloxone. Morphine slightly decreased the potentials evoked by SSA-1 stimulation on the cerebellar cortices. Furthermore, the potentials evoked by SR stimulation on the SAA-1 were slightly decreased by morphine. These results may suggest that the cerebellum plays an important role in not only the motor system, but also the sensation of pain.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Influence of drugs on evoked potentials in the cat cerebellum: III. Effects of morphine hydrochloride (2).

In intact cats, morphine hydrochloride (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) depressed spontaneous discharge of the Purkinje cell in 8 of the 15 neurons tested. These effects of morphine were antagonized by naloxone hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.). This opiate significantly decreased the evoked potentials produced by superficial radial nerve (SR) stimulation in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Although morphine decreased the potentials evoked by SR or tooth pulp stimulation in the nucleus fastigii and nucleus interpositus, this drug hardly influenced them in the nucleus dentatus. In the decerebrated cats, morphine significantly increased the potentials evoked in the cerebellar cortices by SR stimulation. In the somatosensory area I (SSA-I)- or motor area (MA)-lesioned cats, morphine decreased the cerebellar potentials evoked by SR stimulation, but increased them in the SSA-I- and MA-lesioned cats. Naloxone antagonized these effects of morphine. From our results, it appears that the decreasing effects of morphine on the cerebellar potentials evoked by SR stimulation may be affected by the functions of the SSA-I and MA of the cerebral cortex and that morphine may influence the cerebellum.

Animals↗