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Biomedical subjects

K Taki

Publications and source records attributed to K Taki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Direct recording of cardiac output- and venous return-curves in the dog heart-lung preparation for a graphical analysis of the effects of cardioactive drugs.

The dog heart-lung preparations were prepared. The "equilibrium point", which could be defined as the point at which the cardiac output (CO)-curve and the venous return (VR)-curve crossed, when the CO and VR were plotted against the right atrial pressure, was recorded directly by utilizing an X-Y recorder. The CO-curve was obtained, as a locus of the equilibrium point, by raising and lowering the level of blood in the venous reservoir (competence test). The meaning of the procedure was shown to increase or decrease the mean systemic pressure, and to cause the corresponding parallel shift in the VR-curve. The VR-curve was obtained by changing myocardial contractility. When heart failure was induced by pentobarbital or by chloroform, the equilibrium point shifted downwards to the right, depicting the VR-curve. During development of the failure, the slopes of CO-curves decreased gradually. Effects of cinobufagin and norepinephrine were also analyzed. Utilization of the X-Y recorder enabled us to settle the uniform experimental conditions more easily, and to follow the effects of drugs continuously on a diagram equating the CO- and VR-curves (Gyton's scheme).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Relationship between precipitate volume and antigen weight in immunodiffusion.

Immunodiffusion of antigen from conic and cylindrical wells of various sizes in thick antiserum gel plate was studied. The shape of precipitate was affected by the shape and size of the well and by the antigen weight. In the test of anti-rabbit serum agar plate, albumin concentration ranged from 2 to 25 mg/ml, and the maximal albumin weight was 15.8 times the minimal one. In this case, regression line and standard deviation (S.D.) were calculated from antigen weight (x) and standardized data (y1) of precipitate volume, and from antigen weight and standardized data (y2) of precipitation ring area, and the following results were obtained: y1=0.006x-1.611, S.D.=0.092 for the former and y2=0.005x-1.546, S.D.=0.295, for the latter. In the test of agar plates containing anti-carbonic anhydrase B (CA B), the maximal concentration and weight of CA B was 16.7 times and 18.3 times the minimal one, respectively. In this case, regression line and standard deviation obtained from the CA B weight (x) and the standardized data (y3) of the precipitate volume, and from the weight (x) and the standardized data (y4) of the precipitation ring area were as follows: y3=0.146x-1.754, S.D.=0.208, and y4=0.104x-1.251, S.D.=0.717, respectively. There was a clearer linearity in the relationship between the precipitate volume and the antigen weight than in that between the ring area and the antigen weight. In the gel medium, antigen concentration gave no influences on antigen quantitation at the end point of antigen diffusion in a wide range.

Albumins↗
PubMed1976

Hemoglobin A1 quantity in individual red cells of normal adults.

HbA1 weight in individual red cells, amounting to 13,746, was quantitatively determined in 72 male and 17 female healthy adults. The red cells were besmeared on the anti-HbA1 serum agarose plate and the precipitation rings formed were measured from the size printed on sheets of printing paper. HbA1 weight in individual cells was calculated from the calibration curve prepared specially for HbA1, weight in a red cell and the volume of a precipitation ring. HbA1 weight in individual cells ranged from 4.7 to 62.6 pg and averaged 23.7 pg. The mean HbA1 weight in individual cells per head ranged from 18.1 to 34.0 pg and averaged 26.4+/-4.3 pg. No difference in the mean HbA1 weight was found between male and female adults, and among the age groups of them. Average ratio of the mean HbA1 weight in individual cells to the total hemoglobin in the average red cell was 87.4%. The HbA1 weight in the average red cell was determined from HbA1 concentration and red cell counts of the whole blood. The correlation coefficient between the mean HbA1 weight in individual cells and the HbA1 weight in the average red cell was 0.546 (p less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perchloric acid, toxicolor, endospecy, and miconazole in the early diagnosis and treatment of fungemia.

As a procedure for the diagnosis of fungemia, Toxicolor and Endospecy (limulus tests using a synthetic chromogenic substrate) were used to measure (1----3)-beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan), which is a membranous component of fungus. The plasma samples were pretreated with a new perchloric acid method. These methods permit measurement of the beta-glucan within about two hours. Patients in whom fungemia was diagnosed were effectively treated with miconazole.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitory effects of ulinastatin on the production of cytokines: implications for the prevention of septicemic shock.

The study was designed to determine whether ulinastatin can be used as a biological response modifier for the prevention of septicemic shock. Monocytes from heparinized blood of three healthy volunteers were incubated with 0.125 or 1.25 U/ml of ulinastatin, and then endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide) was added at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 micrograms/ml. A dose-dependent increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 alpha, and interleukin-1 beta was noted after endotoxin stimulation. Production of these cytokines was inhibited by the addition of ulinastatin in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that ulinastatin could be useful in the prevention of septicemic shock.

Cytokines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of IPM/CS in gram-negative bacillus infections: use of an endotoxin-specific assay.

The subjects were 26 patients hospitalized with severe trauma or burns. Twice daily for seven to 14 days, 1 gm of IPM/CS (a 1:1 combination of imipenem and cilastatin sodium) was administered by intravenous drip infusion to each patient. Clinical outcome was rated excellent in nine patients, good in 12, and fair in five. Bacteria, isolated in 21 of the 26 patients, were eliminated in 18 and decreased in three. Mean endotoxin levels, assessed by the Endospecy method, were reduced from 167.8 pg/ml before treatment to 5.1 pg/ml after treatment. No treatment side effects were noted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors mediating a regional difference in vasorelaxing effects of human natriuretic polypeptide in dogs.

Factors mediating a regional difference in vasorelaxing effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) were investigated, using the canine pulmonary and renal arteries. Isolated preparation was suspended in an organ bath, and the isometric tension was recorded. ANP relaxed both arteries dose-dependently under precontraction with methoxamine (3 x 10(-5) M). The maximum relaxation was extremely different between the two arteries: 78.5% and 8.6% of maximum relaxations caused by papaverine in the pulmonary and renal arteries, respectively. Removal of the endothelium affected neither the relaxation of pulmonary artery nor that of renal artery. Methylthionine (10(-5) M) greatly diminished the maximum relaxation in the pulmonary artery, but not in the renal artery, indicating that some free radical species may mediate the relaxation of pulmonary arteries to ANP. Methoxamine-induced contractions were inhibited by isosorbide dinitrate (10 and 30 nM) in both pulmonary and renal arteries, in a noncompetitive manner. Nifedipine (10 and 30 nM) inhibited the contractions competitively in the renal artery, but not in the pulmonary artery. Even in the Ca++-free solution, ANP diminished the methoxamine-induced contractions of the pulmonary arterial strips more effectively than those of the renal arterial strips. From these results, we concluded that the regional difference in the ANP-induced relaxation between the pulmonary and renal arteries was derived, partly, from a difference in the mechanism of intracellular Ca++ mobilization.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardioprotective effect of bepridil on ischemic myocardial damages in dogs.

The cardioprotective effect of bepridil was investigated. Nineteen adult mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups; in the control group, physiological saline was administered and 25 min later the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 2 hr; in the bepridil group, bepridil (1 mg/kg) was administered 25 min before 2 hr LAD occlusion and followed by a constant infusion (1 mg/kg/hr). Blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored throughout the experiment. Two hours after occlusion, mitochondria were prepared from both nonischemic and ischemic areas in each group, and their function was measured polarographically. Fractionation of myocardial tissue from both nonischemic and ischemic areas was performed, and activities of lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase) were measured in each fraction. In the bepridil group, decrease in heart rate was observed without significant changes in blood pressure. In the control group, mitochondrial dysfunction and leakage of lysosomal enzymes induced by 2 hr occlusion were observed. Administration of bepridil significantly maintained the mitochondrial function and significantly prevented the leakage of lysosomal enzymes. These results indicate that bepridil might have a cardioprotective effect on ischemic myocardium.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the degree of severity in liver cirrhosis by computed tomography.

As CT findings useful for the evaluation of the degree of severity in liver cirrhosis, the following items were chosen for statistical analysis: atrophy of the right lobe, enlargement of the left lobe, irregularity of the liver surface, ascites, varices or collaterals, and dilatation of the SMV. According to the frequency with which these six items were found, the CT findings were expressed in the form of a score, and the resulting scores agreed well with ICG values, portal-venous flow (Qp) ratios obtained from radionuclide angiography, and the scores on the Child-Turcotte criteria. A score of 5 or 6 meant severe cirrhosis. A score of 4 meant liver cirrhosis, however, the degree of severity could not be determined, because there was overlap among the cirrhotic groups. A score of 3 meant liver cirrhosis with a probability of about 90%. A score of 1 or 2 was nonspecific for evaluation. When a score of 0 was noted with splenomegaly, there was a probability of more than 90% that it was chronic hepatitis. In conclusion, this approach was considered to be useful for evaluating the degree of severity in liver cirrhosis and differentiating between liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis to some degree in Japanese.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention by ulinastatin of decreased carbonic anhydrase activity induced by PMN elastase in vitro.

Disturbed carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been considered to result from the dead space created by microthrombosis and vasoconstriction. However, another disturbance factor in CO2 elimination has been reported; the chemical dead space resulting from the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA). This experiment was conducted to quantify the inhibition of CA activity by polymorphonucleocyte (PMN) elastase, which increases in ARDS. Different flasks containing solutions of CA, buffer, elastase, ulinastatin (an elastase antagonist), CA with PMN elastase, and CA with both PMN elastase and ulinastatin were prepared. Each flask was injected with sodium bicarbonate labeled with radioactive carbon (14C) and was shaken for 20 minutes; CA activity in each flask was measured by calculating the decrease in the coefficient (K) of 14C. It was observed that CA activity was inhibited dose-dependently by PMN elastase and that the inhibited activity was recovered by ulinastatin, which can inhibit PMN elastase. These findings indicate that CA activity in vitro could be inhibited by PMN elastase, which increases in ARDS, and suggests that disturbance of CO2 elimination could be reduced by using ulinastatin. It was concluded that ulinastatin could prevent the CA activity induced by PMN elastase in vitro.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors↗