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Biomedical subjects

K Tanabe

Publications and source records attributed to K Tanabe.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical and endocrine studies on patients with amenorrhoea associated with weight loss.

Two hundred and forty-three patients with amenorrhoea associated with weight loss were studied. At the onset of amenorrhoea, regardless of percentage weight loss, basal levels of LH were low and LH responses to LHRH were impaired. However, both basal and stimulated levels of FSH were comparable to normal. With resumption of menstruation, the basal and stimulated levels of LH were found to rise to normal, while FSH responses continued to exceed normal. However, 16.6% of 66 unimproved cases had normal responses but remained amenorrhoeic. Furthermore, amenorrhoea persisted in 71% of 31 patients with complete recovery of body weight. No significant correlation was noted between percentage weight loss and responsiveness to LHRH, nor between recovery of body weight and resumption of menstruation. Return to normal weight is desirable for resumption of normal cyclic menstruation and hypothalamic-pituitary function, but is not always effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Serological observations of Pneumocystis carinii infection in humans.

Serological examinations of Pneumocystis carinii antigen and antibody were performed in adult patients with P. carinii pneumonia. The antibody titer was assayed by indirect immunofluorescence, and antigenemia was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Profiles of the time course of antibody levels in serum indicated that development of the antibody occurred at an early stage of pneumonia and that peak titers were obtained during the febrile stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

An antigen of Plasmodium yoelii that translocates into the mouse erythrocyte membrane upon entry into the host cell.

Monoclonal antibodies against the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii, have been prepared and characterized by indirect immunofluorescence on acetone-fixed infected mouse erythrocytes. The antibody of clone K2 reacted strongly with late trophozoites and schizonts, whereas it did so weakly and diffusely with ring forms and early trophozoites. Strong fluorescence was confined to granular structures in schizonts and merozoites. Parasites that invaded erythrocytes in vitro lost the strong fluorescence. Instead, immunofluorescence appeared in the membranes of erythrocytes infected in vitro with merozoites. Erythrocytes infected with more than one merozoite had intensified immunofluorescence in their membranes. Staining of the invaded erythrocytes with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) hydrochloride demonstrated that membranes of all the invaded erythrocytes acquired the P. yoelii antigen. These results suggest that the P. yoelii antigen in merozoites is translocated into erythrocyte membranes upon entry into the host cell. Immunofluorescence continued to appear in membranes of infected erythrocytes throughout the intra-erythrocytic parasite growth. Staining of unfixed infected erythrocytes with the K2 antibody failed to detect the parasite antigen. In contrast, immunofluorescence was present in unfixed membranes of erythrocyte ghosts, which had been spontaneously formed after rupture of schizont-infected erythrocytes by merozoite release. No immunofluorescence appeared in either acetone-fixed or unfixed ghosts of normal erythrocytes. These results suggest the antigenic determinant of the P. yoelii antigen is exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the infected erythrocyte membrane. Immunoprecipitation has revealed that the K2 antibody recognizes a 160 X 10(3) Mr P. yoelii antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Free alpha subunits of glycoprotein hormone with dissimilar carbohydrates produced by pathologically different carcinomas.

The two kinds of glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit ectopically produced by an undifferentiated carcinoma of the left femoral region (TM-alpha) and an adenocarcinoma of the right external genitalia (FS-alpha) were examined for amino acid composition, isoelectric focusing, molecular weight, the ability to combine with standard hCG beta and affinity with lectins (Con A, Ricin and PNA). Both TM-alpha and FS-alpha exhibited immunoantigenicity similar to standard hCG alpha. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the amino acid compositions of TM-alpha, FS-alpha or standard hCG alpha. In isoelectric focusing, while standard hCG alpha exhibited a neutral charge, both TM-alpha and FS-alpha exhibited strong negative charges. FS-alpha was as sensitive to sialidase as standard hCG alpha, whereas most of the TM-alpha exhibited resistance to sialidase. TM-alpha contains sialidase-insensitive peripheral material with a negative charge. The affinity with Ricin-Sepharose indicated that most of the FS-alpha and some of the TM-alpha may contain terminal sialic acid and the penultimate structure, Gal beta 1----4G1cNAc; the affinity with PNA-Sepharose indicated that both may also contain terminal sialic acid and the penultimate structure, Gal beta 1----3GalNAc. These observations suggest that dissimilar glycosylation processes are present in the carcinoma ectopic biosynthesis of glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerases solubilized from nuclear matrices of regenerating rat livers.

DNA topoisomerase activity together with the activities of DNA polymerase were detected in a form tightly associated with rat liver nuclear matrices. DNA polymerase activities were solubilized from the nuclear matrices of regenerating rat livers by sonic treatment followed by extraction of these activities with detergent and salt. The predominant activity was mainly alpha-polymerase as judged from the size determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. However, only beta-polymerase activity was detected in the matrix of normal rat livers. DNA topoisomerase activity, detected in both regenerating and normal liver nuclear matrices, showed a molecular size of about 4 S in sucrose gradient, and was active in the presence of EDTA. These results suggest that this enzyme belongs to type I topoisomerase.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Large polypeptides of 10S DNA polymerase alpha from calf thymus: rapid isolation using monoclonal antibody and tryptic peptide mapping analysis.

The polypeptides recognized by a monoclonal antibody against calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha (secreted from a hybridoma CL22 -2- 42B , Nucleic Acids Res. (1982) 10, 4703-4713) were identified by the immunoblot method as the large polypeptides of the partially-purified 10S DNA polymerase alpha fraction. Using an immunoprecipitation technique with the monoclonal antibody, a rapid immunological isolation of the polypeptides has been achieved. By this method, the large polypeptides with Mr = 140,000, 145,000, and 150,000 were isolated from a partially-purified preparation of 10S DNA polymerase alpha. On the other hand, the polypeptides with Mr = 150,000, 180,000, and 240,000 were obtained from a crude extract of calf thymus. Tryptic peptide maps showed that the large polypeptides with Mr = 150,000, and 180,000 were very similar in primary structure and that the structures of Mr = 180,000 and 240,000 polypeptides contained partially common sequences. Among these polypeptides, the Mr = 150,000 polypeptide was shown to correlate with the enzyme activity. These results suggest that the large polypeptide of 10S DNA polymerase alpha is initially synthesized as Mr = 180,000 or larger polypeptide, then converted to the form with Mr = 150,000. The Mr = 140,000 and 145,000 polypeptides in the purified preparation may be artificial products formed during purification.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Inhibin activity and steroid hormone levels in ovarian extracts and ovarian vein plasma of female monkeys during postnatal development.

Inhibin activity, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-suppressing substance, estrogen, progesterone, and androstenedione were measured in charcoal-treated ovarian tissue and ovarian venous and peripheral blood of eight rhesus monkeys ranging from 12 to 48 months of age. All of the monkeys demonstrated inhibin activity in ovarian tissue, which, if expressed per milligram protein, was relatively constant throughout development. However, if the activity was expressed per ovary, the amount of ovarian FSH-suppressing substance increased between 26 and 48 months; it was present in detectable amounts in ovarian venous blood only in one 26-month-old monkey. Detectable levels of estrogen were present in ovarian venous blood of the 26-month-old and the 48-month-old monkeys but not in the younger monkeys. It is possible that the secretion of inhibin activity may be in part responsible for low levels of serum FSH observed prior to puberty, because it has been observed by others that bilateral ovariectomy in the prepubertal monkey can result in a rise in FSH and that administration of charcoal-treated ovarian follicular fluid can suppress serum FSH in castrated prepubertal and adult rhesus monkeys.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1984

Stimulatory effects of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone upon secretion of progesterone and inhibin activity by cultured infant human ovarian granulosa cells.

Ovarian tissue obtained from three human infants (60, 120, and 210 days of age) was separated into cell types and cultured. Granulosa cells from two of three subjects were viable and grew in culture. The cells had the potential to secrete low levels of progesterone and responded to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone added in culture with greatly enhanced ability to secrete progesterone. Granulosa cells could also secrete inhibin activity in culture and responded to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with enhanced inhibin secretion. The granulosa cells also had the potential to secrete estrogen in the presence of testosterone. Serum levels of gonadotropin in the human infant are elevated for a period between 1 and 4 months; yet only follicular growth, not luteinization, occurs. It can be concluded that infant human granulosa cells, like adult human granulosa cells, have the potential of responding in vitro to gonadotropin.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1984

Follicular fluid inhibin activity and steroid levels in ovarian tissue obtained at autopsy from human infants from 18 to 200 days of age.

The ovaries of 25 human infants from 18 to 200 days of age were obtained at autopsy, and their follicular fluid was subjected to measurement of inhibin activity, estrogen, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone. Significant inhibin activity was present in all samples of follicular fluid (charcoal-treated) (138 +/- 19 U/10 microliter follicular fluid; 10,545 +/- 2758 U/ovary). There was a tendency for greater inhibin activity, follicular volume, and estrogen in infants from 18 to 59 days than in older infants. There was a significant positive correlation between follicular fluid volume, estrogen, and androstenedione, compared with follicular fluid inhibin content per ovary. It is possible that elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone observed early in life stimulates follicle growth, inhibin, and estrogen production. As a result of elevated inhibin and estrogen, the gonadotropins may be inhibited, which may cause a decline in follicular activity after 4 to 6 months.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections at the time of the acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media.

The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether or not patients with chronic otitis media are infected with viruses or Mycoplasma at the time of sudden increase in otorrhea. From 26 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media, sera were collected at the time of sudden increase in otorrhea and three to four weeks later. These paired sera were examined for antibody titer to respiratory viruses (21 species) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Of them, influenza B virus and RSV infections were demonstrated in four and two cases, respectively. Examinations showed no infection in 10 control cases without acute exacerbation. In 36 cases of acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media, attempts were made to isolate viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the pharynx and otorrhea. Consequently, influenza B virus was detected in pharyngeal mucous scrapings in two cases and RSV in one. The probability of respiratory virus infection leading to acute exacerbation of chronic otitis media appears to be lower than that provoking acute otitis media in children and infants. However, the present data suggest that the development of respiratory virus infection in patients with chronic otitis media may cause an increase in the otorrhea, eventually resulting in an acute exacerbation of inflammation.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

Conservation of molecular structure of DNA polymerase beta in vertebrates probed by tryptic peptide mapping.

DNA polymerase beta's from mouse myeloma, chick embryo, and cherry salmon testis were all composed of a single polypeptide of about 40K daltons as judged by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of extensively purified enzyme preparations. Although the enzyme from bullfrog ovary was not fully purified, its molecular weight was estimated to be the same as that of the chick enzyme by immunological detection after electrophoresis. All the enzymes tested cross-reacted immunologically with the antibody against chick DNA polymerase beta, indicating that they have a common molecular structure, at least in part. Two-dimensional maps of radioiodinated tryptic peptides directly showed the presence of highly conserved amino acid sequences among mouse, chick, and cherry salmon enzymes. This conserved structure is thought to be essential for the enzyme activity, which is very similar among all these vertebrates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Inhibitory effect of rhodamine 123 on the growth of the rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium yoelii.

The effect of the cationic permeant fluorescent dye, rhodamine 123 (R123), on the in vivo growth of Plasmodium yoelii was examined. Plasmodium yoelii-infected mouse erythrocytes were incubated in vitro with R123 and injected intravenously into mice. Examination of daily parasitemias showed that R123 delayed parasite growth whereas rhodamine 110, a neutral compound, and fluorescein, a negatively charged fluorescent dye, did not. Infected erythrocytes treated with R123 were not cleared from the circulation even 7 h after injection. Quantitation of cell-associated R123 by spectrophotometry revealed that infected cells with increased levels of R123 considerably prolonged the 2% prepatent period, the time required for the parasite to develop a 2% parasitemia. Degenerating parasites within and outside the host erythrocytes were observed on day 1 of infection in the mice. Thus it follows that R123, which accumulated in infected erythrocytes, inhibits the growth of P. yoelii; moreover, when R123-labeled infected erythrocytes were treated with 1-10 microM carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a proton ionophore, to release R123 from the cells, the inhibitory effect on the growth rate of P. yoelii was partially reversed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential of Toxoplasma gondii after invasion of host cells.

The membrane potential of Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite, was monitored with the cationic permeant fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123). Fluorescence microscopy revealed R123 to be partitioned predominantly in a restricted part of the parasite, which consisted of twisted or branched tubules, or of granular bodies. These structures were frequently connected to each other. The dye retention by these structures was markedly reduced by treating R123-labelled parasites with the proton ionophore, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, the potassium ionophore, valinomycin and the inhibitor of electron transport, antimycin A. Thus, these structures are regarded as the parasite mitochondria. Another cationic fluorescent dye, rhodamine 6G, stained the parasite mitochondria, whereas a negatively charged fluorescent dye, fluorescein, and the neutral compounds, rhodamine 110 and rhodamine B, did not. This fact indicates that R123 monitored the parasite mitochondrial membrane potential. T. gondii-infected 3T3 cells were also stained with R123. In contrast to the mitochondria of extracellular parasites, those of intracellular parasites failed to take up the dye. The absence of fluorescence in intracellular parasites persisted until the infected host cells ruptured and liberated daughter parasites 1 day after infection. Parasites, liberated from the host cells, either spontaneously or artificially by passing the infected cells through a 27G needle, regained the ability to take up the dye. After direct microinjection of R123 into the vacuole in which the parasite grows and multiples, the dye appeared in the host-cell mitochondria but not in the parasite's mitochondria. Thus, we conclude that the mitochondrial membrane potential of T. gondii was reduced after invasion of host cells by the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of brotizolam, a new thieno-triazolo-diazepine derivative, on the central nervous system.

The effects of brotizolam, a new thieno-triazolo-diazepine derivative, on the central nervous system were analyzed in mice, rats and rabbits. Diazepam, estazolam and triazolam were used as control drugs. Brotizolam inhibited spontaneous motor activities; performances in the rotarod test, staircase test, and maximal electroshock seizure test; and pentetrazol- or bemegride-induced convulsion. Moreover, catalepsy inducing action and potentiating effect on sleep elicited by pentobarbital or ethanol were observed. Following intraperitoneal or oral administration of brotizolam to rabbits with chronically implanted electrodes, the electroencephalographic profile in spontaneous EEG was characterized by slow waves with high amplitudes in the neocortex. The arousal responses by stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation and posterior hypothalamus were slightly inhibited, but the recruiting responses induced by stimulation of the diffuse thalamic projecting system were not inhibited, and seizure discharges induced by stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus were inhibited markedly. When motor activities and pentetrazol-induced convulsions were observed as indices of tolerance for brotizolam, tolerance was not developed by repeated administration of brotizolam up to 14 days. These results suggested that brotizolam, a new thieno-triazolo-diazepine derivative, is judged to be a safer and stronger sleep inducer than diazepam and estazolam.

Animals↗