PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Tokuyama

Publications and source records attributed to K Tokuyama.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Neural control of goblet cell secretion in guinea pig airways.

We studied the neural control of goblet cell secretion in the lower airways of anesthetized guinea pigs using a semiquantitative morphometric technique. The magnitude of discharge of intracellular mucus was determined in histological sections of the trachea and main bronchi stained for mucus glycoproteins. Bilateral electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerves induced goblet cell secretion. The magnitude of the effect was dependent on the frequency, voltage, and pulse width of the stimulus, and the duration of stimulation. At 10 Hz, 5 V, and 5 ms for 3 min, there was a 62% decrease in the amount of intracellular mucus below that with sham stimulation. The secretion was blocked either by atropine or by pretreatment with capsaicin but was not significantly inhibited by idazoxan, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. The magnitude of goblet cell discharge in animals pretreated with propranolol was intermediate between that in controls and that with nerve stimulation, although not significant to either. These results demonstrate that goblet cell secretion is under neural control in guinea pig airways and suggest that cholinergic, nonadrenergic-noncholinergic, and possibly adrenergic neural pathways, may contribute to the secretion.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Anaphylaxis to grand keyhole limpet (abalone-like shellfish) and abalone.

We report five patients who developed moderate to severe anaphylactic reactions induced by the ingestion of grand keyhole limpet (GKL) and abalone. Specific IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to these shellfish was demonstrated by history, prick skin test, and RAST. RAST inhibition technique revealed the cross-antigenicity between GKL, abalone, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Enhanced acute response to corticosterone in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice.

Our previous work showed that ob/ob mice responded to physiological concentrations of blood corticosterone (maintained by implanted pellets of corticosterone in adrenalectomized mice) by increasing food intake and blood insulin concentration to a much greater extent than did lean mice. The present study sought to determine whether the chronic presence of corticosterone was necessary or whether a single injection would also have these effects. Lean and ob/ob mice were adrenalectomized at 4.5 wk of age, injected with corticosterone at 10.5 wk of age, and killed 6 or 15 h after injection. A markedly exaggerated hyperinsulinemia was seen in ob/ob mice at 15 h. Food intake increased in both lean and obese mice, and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis (as reflected by mitochondrial guanosine 5'-diphosphate binding) was suppressed in both. We conclude that the ob/ob mouse has an excessive central sensitivity and responsiveness to a rapid action of corticosterone that results in neural activation of insulin secretion and suppression of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. The persistence of some degree of obesity in the adrenalectomized ob/ob mouse is attributed to the remaining slight hyperinsulinemia coupled with reduced energy expenditure due to persistent thermoregulation at a lower than normal body temperature.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1989

Adrenalectomy prevents obesity in glutamate-treated mice.

Mice treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the neonatal period grow into obese, stunted adults without overeating. We have previously demonstrated normal control of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic function in the MSG-treated mouse and have concluded that thermoregulation at a lower than normal body temperature for most of the time is a major cause of its obesity. The objective of the present experiments was to find out whether adrenalectomy would prevent obesity in the MSG-treated mouse, as it does in hyperphagic obese rodents, and whether the thermoregulatory anomaly would be prevented by this procedure. MSG-treated mice that were adrenalectomized at 5 wk of age and studied at 10 wk of age did not become obese. Adrenalectomy increased body temperature of MSG-treated mice to normal (male mice) or almost normal (female mice). Adrenalectomy increased BAT mitochondrial guanosine 5'-diphosphate binding in MSG-treated mice, indicative of an increased thermogenic state, but had the same effect in control mice. We conclude that obesity in the MSG-treated mouse is secondary to the high level of corticosterone in its blood, which raises its metabolic efficiency, an effect of corticosterone also seen in normal lean mice, and causes it to thermoregulate at a low energy-conserving level. This latter effect is peculiar to the MSG-treated mouse and is not seen in corticosterone-treated normal mice.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1989

[Two fatal cases of hepatic failure due to a malignant lymphoma presenting a liver injury].

Reported are two cases of a malignant lymphoma that presented a liver injury in which death was brought on by hepatic failure. In both instances on admission, liver injury and hepatomegaly were noticed. Abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography, however, showed no SOL in the liver or any clear lymph node mass, though a bright echo and a diffuse low density was observed in one of the patients (Case 1). In spite of treatment that included prednisolone, the liver injury in both patients progressed towards hepatic failure. Severe jaundice increased rapidly in Case 1, and a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy complicated by jaundice was observed in the other patient (Case 2). Both autopsies revealed severe lymphoma cell infiltration into the liver, mainly in Glisson's capsule, and diffuse hepatic cell necrosis. Diagnostic imaging of the diffuse lymphoma infiltration into the liver proved very difficult, so that it was necessary to rely on a differential diagnosis, employing laboratory tests and a liver biopsy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

Two cases of aspirin-intolerant asthma whose leukocytes demonstrated hypersensitivity to sulpyrin.

Two cases of aspirin-intolerant asthma whose polymorphonuclear leukocytes demonstrated hypersensitivity to sulpyrin in vitro were reported. The patients were 14- and 15-year-old girls. Aspirin and sulpyrin intolerance were confirmed by aspirin oral provocation test and bronchial sulpyrin inhalation provocation test. In those intolerant patients, preincubation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with sulpyrin enhanced the calcium ionophore A23187-induced leukotriene C4 production as compared with those of healthy adults and aspirin-tolerant asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Relation between frequency of asthma and IgE antibody levels against Dermatophagoides farinae and total serum IgE levels in schoolchildren.

The relation between the frequency of wheezing illness and IgE antibody levels against Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and total IgE levels was examined in 457 randomly selected schoolchildren. From the response to the ATS-DLD-78-C respiratory symptoms questionnaire, 14 subjects (3.1%) were found to have asthma syndrome (recurrent episodes of attacks of shortness of breath with wheezing) and 17 subjects (3.7%), wheezing syndrome (only wheezing). The percentage of the asthma syndrome increased with increasing levels of Df-specific IgE, and there was an intimate correlation between the percentage of asthma syndrome and Df-specific IgE levels (r = 0.97; p less than 0.001), whereas such association was not found between the two (r = -0.19; p greater than 0.5). Similar relations were found between the frequencies of the specific syndromes and total IgE levels. There was a significant correlation between total IgE levels and Df-specific IgE levels in the total population (r = 0.7; p less than 0.001). These results suggest that allergic reaction greatly contributes to the development of asthma in children.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Arterial infusion chemotherapy and embolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma using an intraarterial catheter].

We performed arterial infusion chemotherapy and embolization on 22 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma via an intraarterial catheter, which was inserted in the hepatic artery under laparotomy. The administration frequency of intraarterial chemotherapy on a patient was 1 to 155 with a median of 17, while that of embolization was 1 to 6 with a median of 2.5. The maximal and average durations of a catheter in place were 15 and 4 months, respectively. The survival rates were 50% in one year, 18% in two years, and 12% in three years. Insertion technique and management of the catheter are relatively safe and easy, so catheterization of the hepatic artery would enable us to develop new treatment modalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in younger children with asthma.

We have previously reported a new technique of evaluating bronchial responsiveness by monitoring the transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2). This method is so simple, painless, and effortless with high reproducibility that it is possible to use the technique on children as young as 2 years old. Consequently, we used this method to study bronchial hyperresponsiveness in 141 children with asthma and 46 disease controls without asthma or chronic respiratory disorder. The bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children aged 2 to 5 years was higher than in the disease controls (P less than .001). Further, bronchial responsiveness was significantly higher in moderately as opposed to minimally affected asthmatics (P less than .01), and was gradually higher according to clinical severity. In other age groups as well, the bronchial responsiveness of asthmatic children was higher than of disease controls. There was a close relationship between the level of increased bronchial responsiveness and the clinical severity of asthmatic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Increased sensitivity of the genetically obese mouse to corticosterone.

Adrenalectomy normalizes many abnormalities of the obese (ob/ob) mouse. The high corticosterone concentration in blood may account in part for development of obesity and other abnormalities in the ob/ob mouse. Our objective was to determine dose-response relationships for the effect of corticosterone on the obesity. Lean and ob/ob mice were adrenalectomized or sham-operated at 4.5 wk of age. Adrenalectomized mice received 100 mg implants of cholesterol containing corticosterone (0, 2, 5, 20, or 50 mg) at 8.5 wk of age and were killed at 10.5 wk of age. In ob/ob mice, but not in lean mice, low physiological levels of serum corticosterone (up to 10 micrograms/dl) markedly increased body weight gain, food intake, and serum insulin. They also increased white and brown adipose tissue weights and decreased brown adipose tissue mitochondrial GDP binding. Higher levels of corticosterone (12-22 micrograms/dl) increased body weight gain, white and brown adipose tissue weights, and serum insulin and suppressed brown adipose tissue mitochondrial GDP binding in lean mice also, although in most cases to a lesser extent than in ob/ob mice, but were still without effect on food intake. Only very high levels of corticosterone (approximately 30 micrograms/dl) increased food intake in lean mice. Hyperglycemia was induced in ob/ob, but not lean, mice only at concentrations of corticosterone greater than 17 micrograms/dl. Thermoregulation was unaffected by serum corticosterone at levels from 0 to 30 micrograms/dl in both ob/ob and lean mice. Thus the ob/ob mouse is excessively sensitive and responsive to an effect of physiological levels of corticosterone that results in hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased weight gain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1987

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with atopic and nonatopic asthma.

We have studied the bronchial hyperresponsiveness of children with atopic and nonatopic asthma by methacholine inhalation challenge, using a new device, the "Astograph." Three parameters, initial respiratory resistance (Rrs cont), bronchial sensitivity (Dmin), and bronchial reactivity (St), were studied. The Rrs cont values of atopic asthma were higher than those of the disease controls (p less than 0.05), while there was no difference between nonatopic asthma and disease controls. The Dmin values of atopic and nonatopic asthma were lower than those of disease controls (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.01). The St values of atopic and nonatopic asthma were higher than those of disease controls (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.01). There was no difference of Rrs cont and Dmin between the children with atopic and nonatopic asthma. However, St of the children with nonatopic asthma was remarkably higher than that of the children with atopic asthma (p less than 0.001). These data suggested that there was a remarkable difference of bronchial response to methacholine between the children with atopic asthma and those with nonatopic asthma.

Airway Resistance↗