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Biomedical subjects

K Tokuyama

Publications and source records attributed to K Tokuyama.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, torpor, and obesity of glutamate-treated mice.

Mice treated with glutamate in the neonatal period are known to develop into stunted obese adults, despite hypophagia. Our objective was to find out whether brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic function might be abnormal in the glutamate-obese mouse. At 10 wk of age, group-housed glutamate-obese mice exhibited nocturnal and early diurnal torpor, i.e., they thermoregulated at a lower than normal body temperature. When exposed to 4 degrees C, they died in hypothermia within 24 h. They could adapt to living at 14 degrees C for up to 1 wk but failed to adjust their food intake sufficiently to maintain their body weight. Their fat stores were, nevertheless, conserved. BAT was present in increased amounts in glutamate-obese mice. Its thermogenic activity (as assessed by the level of mitochondrial GDP binding) was normal (male mice) or reduced (female mice). A normal thermogenic responsiveness of BAT to cold occurred. The thermogenic response of BAT to a cafeteria diet was normal (male mice) or reduced (female mice). Serum corticosterone concentration was increased in both male and female glutamate-treated mice particularly in the cold. We conclude that the high metabolic efficiency and obesity of the glutamate-obese mouse are principally a consequence of its maintenance of a hypothermic torpid state for more than 50% of the time. An additional deficit in energy expenditure in female, but not male, glutamate-obese mice is associated with suppressed responsiveness of the thermogenic function of BAT to diet and may account for the greater degree of obesity in female than in male glutamate-treated mice.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1985

Hepatocellular carcinoma detected by iodized oil.

This study assesses the diagnostic value of Lipiodol (iodized oil) and computed tomography (CT) in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Twenty-four patients who were suspected of having HCC received injections of a small amount of Lipiodol, along with an antitumor agent, in the hepatic artery following routine celiac angiography. CT scans obtained 7-10 days after Lipiodol administration demonstrated HCC in distinct contrast to the surrounding noncancerous parenchyma. In particular, the CT-Lipiodol procedure disclosed many small HCC lesions that were not shown by celiac angiography, scintigraphy, CT with and without contrast medium enhancement, and ultrasonography. Although this procedure may miss very small or highly fibrotic lesions, it is recommended for patients suspected of having HCC and for patients for whom hepatic resection is being considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Beat-to-beat variation of the heart rate in children with allergic asthma.

Beat-to-beat variation of the heart rate in 53 allergic asthmatic children was quantitatively measured as a coefficient of variation of the R-R interval (CVR-R), and was compared with that of 284 nonallergic and 47 allergic children without asthma. Allergic children both with and without asthma had significantly higher mean CVR-R values (7.08 +/- 1.87 and 7.54 +/- 2.40 and p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively) than those of non-allergic children (6.32 +/- 1.88). These results confirm the previous reports that the increased cholinergic tone was related to the allergic state and not only to allergic asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1985

Hyperresponsiveness of cough receptors in patients with bronchial asthma.

The hyperresponsiveness of cough receptors was evaluated using the acetic acid inhalation test in healthy adults, patients with bronchial asthma, and children with or without cough. The concentration of acetic acid inducing cough was more than 20% in all 16 healthy adults and 18 children in the control group. There were two groups of asthmatic patients: Those in group 1 showed normal response to more than 20% acetic acid (n = 46), and those in group 2 showed a sensitive reaction to less than 10% (n = 11). Mean age was 9.0 +/- 4.2 years in group 1 and 15.1 +/- 7.6 years in group 2 (statistical significance, P less than .001). Six of 11 asthmatic patients in group 2 were classified as nonallergic asthmatics, whereas only five of 46 patients in group 1 were nonallergic (P less than .01). Bronchoconstriction was not induced in any case, in spite of the production of cough. It is suggested that the hyperresponsiveness of individual cough receptors without the stimulation of irritant receptors be evaluated.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

Simple and rapid estimation of serum theophylline concentration using apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay.

Theophylline concentration was measured by the apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay system using the Seralyzer system. The results were compared with those obtained employing high performance liquid chromatography and substrate-labelled fluorescent immunoassay. The results obtained by the above three methods were quite compatible with each other. Furthermore, the capillary method was quite compatible with the venous method which is useful for frequent measurement of theophylline concentrations, especially in children with asthma.

Apoenzymes↗
PubMed1985

The evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in patients with bronchial asthma.

Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and extended pH monitoring of the distal esophagus were assessed in 15 asthmatic children in order to evaluate the most important symptoms of suspected gastroesophageal reflux (GER)-asthma. As a result, episodes of asthmatic attacks after overeating were closely correlated with GER as determined by decreased LESP and high pH score.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A new method of estimating bronchial hyper-responsiveness in younger children.

By using the new device, the "Astograph," it is possible to measure the continuous changes of respiratory resistance (Rrs) during bronchial inhalation challenge. This method, however, is not suitable for younger children because of wide variations in Rrs. So we studied a technique using a transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2) monitoring system. The bronchial reactivity and sensitivity were significantly correlated between Rrs and tcPO2 (P less than .001), and there was no correlation between cardiac output and Rrs. The tcPO2-method is useful for measuring bronchial responsiveness, especially in younger children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Nonimmunologic activity of Dermatophagoides farinae extract.

Nine healthy and seven mite-sensitive allergic subjects were examined by skin sensitivity and IgE antibody to fractions from Dermatophagoides farinae, including high and low allergenic fraction to human. In the intracutaneous test, all healthy subjects reacted to 200 ng and in particular, five of them to 0.2 ng of Fr void on Sephadex G-100 filtration which was a low allergenic fraction. Furthermore, end points of intracutaneous test and specific IgE antibody titers did not correlate on Fr void. Conclusively, Dermatophagoides farinae extracts contain a nonimmunologically highly skin-reactive fraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Combined treatment with intra-arterial administration of oily anti-cancer agents and transcatheter arterial embolization--clinical and pathological study on 2 cases with resected small hepatoma].

Combined treatment with intraarterial administration of oily anti-cancer agent (SMANCS-Lipiodol; copolymer of styrene maleic acid conjugate of Neocarcinostatin disolved in Ethiodol) and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was employed in 2 patients with small hepatoma. At 3-4 weeks after treatment, hepatic resection was performed. Histopathological examination of the 2 resected specimens showed total cell necrosis; CT and Softex revealed the distribution of lipiodol in the tumor and adjacent regions. This combination treatment showed combined effects, i.e. embolization by TAE, the anti-cancer effect of SMANCS and the selective delivery of lipidol to the hepatoma, especially the area of capsula invasion, the daughter nodule and tumor thrombus.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗