Karen Erickson | PubMed Health

PubMed2002

Monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte surface antigens for cetacean homologues to CD2, CD19 and CD21.

CD2 is a pan-T cell marker, while CD19 and CD21 are important molecules in signal transduction of B lymphocytes. CD19 and CD21 are both present on mature B cells, while CD19 is also present in developing B cells and plasma cells. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cetacean lymphocyte putative homologues to CD2 (two different antibodies), CD19 and CD21 were characterized. The proteins immunoprecipitated were as follows: F21.I (putative anti-CD2), 43 and 59kDa; F21.B (putative anti-CD19), 83 and 127kDa; F21.F (putative anti-CD21), 144kDa. The second putative anti-CD2 (F21.C) selectively inhibited the binding of F21.I. Both the putative anti-CD2 (T cell markers) stained T-cell zones on lymph node sections, while both the B cell markers (putative CD19 and CD21) stained B-cell zones. F21.B and F21.F were absent from thymus single cell suspension but labeled 63 and 65% mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes, respectively, while both F21.C and F21.F were present on 100% thymocytes and fewer lymph node lymphocytes. B and T cell markers were mutually exclusive on double labeling using flow cytometry. These mAbs are foreseen as possible valuable diagnostic and research tools to assess immune functions of captive and wild cetaceans.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Enhancing literacy development through AAC technologies.

There is a critical need to understand teaching and technology supports that enable students who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems to engage in meaningful literacy experiences and foster conventional literacy skills. To thrive in classroom environments, they must have access to tools that can support them in active and independent literacy learning. These students need technology that allows them to move seamlessly between reading, writing, and communicating. They require technology that takes into account access needs, individual learning needs, the learning demands of technology, and literacy development across grades. Families and school teams need information that will assist them in providing the best tools and the most appropriate content within these tools throughout the school day. Teachers need information that supports them in providing exemplary literacy instruction to students who use AAC systems. This article explores and summarizes factors impacting literacy learning, including literacy capabilities of school-age students who use AAC, communication in literacy learning and use, reading and writing instruction in general education classrooms, and technology to support literacy learning. It is important that future technology tools provide a platform for levels of literacy learning: The power of technology will be reflected in its ability to provide access to and display the right content at the right time for students who use AAC. This article summarizes current factors thought to influence literacy learning and discusses priorities for future research and technology development.

Communication Devices for People with Disabilities↗