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Biomedical subjects

L A Cone

Publications and source records attributed to L A Cone.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cytomegalovirus enhances lysis of HIV-infected T lymphoblasts.

A T4+ lymphoblastoid cell line (CR-10) persistently infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and designated CR-10/NIT was superinfected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with AIDS. A productive CMV cycle in the CR-10/NIT lymphoblasts was demonstrated by fluorescent antibody staining (IF) using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the 150-kDa major capsid protein, by infectivity assays and by electron microscopy (EM). Two-color IF analysis showed that a small percentage of the CR-10/NIT cells were producing both CMV and HIV at any one time. EM studies revealed that all doubly infected cells were lysed whereas most cells infected only with HIV appeared intact. Cell lysis appeared 24 hr after superinfection of the CR-10/NIT cells with CMV and progressed to complete destruction of the cell culture between days 9 and 10. Our results suggest that CMV may convert a mildly cytopathic HIV infection of T lymphoblasts into a highly lytic process.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disorders of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

It is apparent that the lung is frequently involved by a number of opportunistic pathogens and neoplasms in AIDS patients. What is even more disconcerting is the fact that often several infections or infection and neoplasm can coexist [236]. At this time, although effective therapy is at hand for most of the disorders mentioned, the patient's underlying immunodeficiency prevents any long-term survival and also usually leads to relapse when treatment is discontinued. Perhaps the use of newer antiviral compounds such as azidothymidine [237] or immunomodulating agents will help to reconstitute the waning immunocompetence and allow more durable responses in these currently fatal complications.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of scleroma with ceforanide.

Three patients with rhinoscleroma who presented with nasal and pharyngeal symptoms are described. Treatment with ceforanide, a new second-generation cephalosporin with high intrinsic activity against Klebsiella, and possessing a long half-life, was used as outpatient treatment. A total of 120 g of ceforanide was administered over a period of two months. All three patients showed signs of clinical improvement, but only two of three became bacteriologically sterile at the end of two months; one patient relapsed bacteriologically but not clinically, once the drug was discontinued. Second- and third-generation cephalosporins appear to have excellent activity against the causative pathogens of rhinoscleroma. Because of the impracticality of administering these agents parenterally over prolonged periods of time, there is a need for the development of an oral cephalosporin with similar intrinsic activity and beta-lactamase stability. Perhaps the novel beta-lactam antibiotics such as the penems and monobactams, some of which can be administered orally, will answer that need.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Histologic conversion of an unfavorable primary brain lymphoma to a favorable type.

Histologic conversion of a less aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to a more aggressive type has been established in several studies. Neither this trend nor vice versa has been reported in primary brain lymphoma, because of the poor median survival in the clinical setting which precludes further invasive procedures. The authors report a case of transformation of a primary brain lymphoma, histiocytic type, to poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma 2 1/2 years after treatment with radiation and intrathecal methotrexate.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

An update on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Associated disorders of the alimentary tract.

The pandemic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been described in 40 nations throughout the world. This paper describes the wide spectrum of gastrointestinal tract manifestations seen in this syndrome, with particular attention to the epidemiology, etiology, and measurement of these problems. Discussion of candidiasis, herpes simplex, "hairy" leukoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma, cytomegalovirus, anal warts and carcinoma, chlamydial proctitis (LGV), coccidiosis, and mycobacterial diarrhea, as well as "gay bowel syndrome," demonstrates the complex management problems associated with this condition.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Cytomegalovirus viremia increases with progressive immune deficiency in patients infected with HTLV-III.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia was studied in 15 homosexual patients [two healthy, nine with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), five with the AIDS-related complex (ARC)], in one patient with transfusion-related AIDS, and in four individuals with cancer or connective tissue disorders. While CMV viremia was absent in the latter patients, in the healthy homosexuals, and in three stable ARC patients, it was present in clinically-deteriorating ARC patients and in all nine AIDS patients. Some CMV isolates caused limited proliferation of fibroblasts in the culture medium. The rapidity and ease of CMV isolation from leukocytes of patients at different stages of infection with human T-lymphocytotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) indicate that the CMV titer in leukocytes increases as immune deficiency worsens. In ARC patients CMV viremia may be predictive of clinical complications in the next 3 months. In AIDS patients CMV viremia at high titer was an unfavorable prognostic sign.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1985

Ceftazidime versus tobramycin-ticarcillin in the treatment of pneumonia and bacteremia.

A prospective, randomized study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime with those of a combination of ticarcillin and tobramycin in the treatment of 40 nonneutropenic patients with pneumonia or bacteremia. Altogether, 93% of the patients receiving ceftazidime for pneumonia were cured, and 87% of those with bacteremia responded favorably. Of the subjects who were treated with ticarcillin and tobramycin ceftazidime developed significant superinfection, and one individual treated with the aminoglycoside and carboxypenicillin developed reversible azotemia. Ceftazidime appears to be as efficacious as the ticarcillin-tobramycin combination and is probably safer with regard to oto-and nephrotoxicity; however, superinfections did occur more frequently in the group treated with ceftazidime.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Randomised, controlled trial of the comparative efficacy, auditory toxicity, and nephrotoxicity of tobramycin and netilmicin.

254 patients with serious gram-negative bacillary infections were enrolled into a multicentre, randomised, blind clinical trial and treated with tobramycin-ticarcillin or netilmicin-ticarcillin. The two treatment groups were similar as to sex, age, and weight. The mean daily dose of netilmicin (237 mg) was higher than that of tobramycin (211 mg), p less than 0.01, but the mean duration of therapy was longer with tobramycin (9.4 days versus 8.7 days), p less than 0.01. The netilmicin cohort also had more serious underlying diseases, p less than 0.028. Clinical (tobramycin, 93% and netilmicin, 91%) and bacteriological responses (tobramycin, 87% and netilmicin, 89%) were similar. 84 tobramycin and 73 netilmicin patients had serial audiograms. Eighth nerve deficits developed in 10 (12%) tobramycin and two (3%) netilmicin patients, p = 0.037. Drug-related renal dysfunction developed in 5 (4%) of 114 tobramycin patients whose renal function was monitored and in 1 (1%) of 116 netilmicin patients, p = 0.12.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

A survey of prospective, controlled clinical trials of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and netilmicin.

Data from 24 prospective, controlled clinical studies of the aminoglycosides gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and netilmicin are reviewed. According to these findings, netilmicin is the safest and most effective of the four types (P less than 0.01, both comparisons), and gentamicin is more effective than tobramycin (P less than 0.05) and less ototoxic than amikacin (P less than 0.05).

Amikacin↗
PubMed1981

Clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of infections in the compromised host.

A number of disorders of host resistance to infections occur in cancer patients. Defects in granulocytes, complement synthesis and antibody formation, cellular immunity, and mucocutaneous boundaries are discussed. Most infections in these compromised patients are caused by a few gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci, although other bacteria, opportunistic fungi, intracellular parasites, and DNA viruses also cause severe disease. Cefotaxime was found to be an effective antimicrobial in the treatment of 40 cancer patients with infections of the urinary or lower respiratory tracts, bacteremia, soft-tissue infections, and fever of undetermined origin. Cefotaxime in combination with ticarcillin or an aminoglycoside may improve response in infections due to opportunistic organisms such as Pseudomonas.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity microassay by cytofluorography.

A cytofluorometric method for measuring lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity is described which employs acridine orange and ethidium bromide stains. These stains permits the rapid (approximately 45 sec per sample) differential enumeration of viable cells and are therefore valuable in the preparation and performance of a cytotoxicity assay. Reproducibility of viable target cell counts is good and, statistically, the same mean result is obtained when the cytofluorometric and an accepted radioisotopic method are compared. It is found that the method employing radioisotopic label ([125I]iododeoxyuridine) non-specifically killed 80% of the target cells, whereas the cytofluorographic method does not result in non-specific kill. Therefore, the cytofluorometric method reflects in vivo conditions more accurately. The cytofluorometric method also provides a more rapid and less technically demanding assay than those previously described.

Animals↗