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Biomedical subjects

L Cionini

Publications and source records attributed to L Cionini.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Relationship between sex, age, education and field-dependence: a cross-cultural comparison.

Past examination of the relationship between field-independence and age has indicated a developmental trend of increased field-independence up to 17 yr., with a movement toward greater field-dependence after this point. However, discrepancies between longitudinal and cross-sectional findings suggest that this relationship may be confounded by socioeconomic variables. The present study examined the age/field-dependence relationship in a sample of Northern Italians controlling for educational background. Results for females indicated statistical control of educational variables modified the age/field-dependence relationship, but did not for the male sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Biliary and pancreatic secretions in abdominal irradiation.

The biliary and pancreatic secretions have been determined in patients given pelvic or para-aortic irradiation, with a dose of 50 Gy in the former group and between 36 and 40 Gy in the latter. A test meal containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as reference substance was used. Each sample of the duodenal content was assayed for volume, PEG content, amylase and trypsin activity, pH and biliary secretion. No significant modifications of biliary and pancreatic secretions were demonstrated after irradiation, suggesting that these functions are not involved in the pathogenesis of the malabsorption radiation syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Malignant lymphoma of the testis.

The clinical features and the results of treatment in 12 cases of malignant lymphoma of a series of 280 consecutive cases of testicular tumor are reported. The tendency of these neoplasms for bilateral involvement and the association with skin and upper respiratory tract lesions, reported in the literature, were confirmed. Long survival of a few cases after orchidectomy or regional treatment only (2 in the present series) suggests the existence of malignant lymphoma of the testis as a primary condition, although in most cases a lymphomatous involvement of the testis must be considered as a local manifestation of disseminated lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Radiotherapy of seminoma of the testis. Report on 129 patients.

From 1958 to 1974, 129 patients with pure seminoma of the testis were admitted to the Institute of Radiology, University of Florence. Sixty-two were in Stage I, 36 in Stage II A, 23 in Stage II B, 3 in Stage III, and 5 in Stage IV, Para-aortic and ipsilateral iliac nodes were treated in all cases with doses ranging from 3000 to 4200 rads. In the treatment of the supradiaphragmatic area, uniform criteria were not adopted. Out of 124 cases in Stage I, II A and B, and III, 17 suffered a replase; aall relapsed cases died except for one. Site and cause of the failures were analyzed. Prophylactic irradiation of the mediastinum and supraclavicular area appears to lower the probability of recurrence in Stage II. Doses over 3500 rads may be necessary to destroy large metastases. The presence of nonseminomatous areas in the seminoma showing inadequate regression after radiotherapy must be suspected; an exploratory laparotomy should be indicated in such a case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prognostic significance of histologic subdivision of Hodgkin's disease nodular sclerosis.

Sixty-seven patients with nodular sclerosis (Hodgkin's disease stages I and II) have been subclassified according to the cellular composition and the amount of fibrosis. Predominance of mature lymphocytes and rarity of Reed Sternberg cells were associated with less extensive disease at presentation and more favourable outcome. A less definite correlation to the amount of fibrosis was found.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1976

Water (electrolyte) balance after abdominal therapeutic treatment.

Total body water, plasma volume and Na space have been studied in 34 patients receiving external radiotherapy on the pelvic region. Determinations were made on the same patients before, and half-way treatment; in a few cases, some determinations were also repeated after the end of treatment. The results failed to show any appreciable modification of the different parameters studied.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of lymphography in the staging and treatment of ovarian dysgerminoma. Report on 27 cases.

In 1960-1985, 35 patients with ovarian dysgerminoma were referred after surgery to the Radiation Therapy Unit of the University of Florence. Twenty-seven of these cases were analysed with regard to lymphangiography findings before radiation therapy. Nodes were judged as positive in 18 of the 27 cases (44%) and in all the positive cases the paraaortic nodes were involved. The relevance of lymphography in the staging and follow-up of patients with ovarian dysgerminoma is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiation in the treatment of advanced cervical cancer.

The role of chemotherapy in the management of advanced cervical cancer has been long debated. Whereas some phase II trials have shown promising results with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by irradiation, most phase III trials failed to demonstrate any benefit with this sequential treatment in terms of loco-regional control and survival, mainly because chemotherapy could cause accelerated tumor clonogen resistant cell repopulation The data on cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery appear to be more promising. This treatment modality can increase the operability rate and reduce the incidence of positive nodes and other pathological risk factors. However, very few randomized trials comparing cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy versus conventional irradiation treatment are currently available, whilst data about long-term survival of chemo-surgical-treated patients are scanty. Recently five prospective randomized trials compared concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy and irradiation versus hydroxyurea plus irradiation or irradiation alone. All showed a significant improvement in the outcome of patients treated with concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiation. Based on these data, the National Cancer Institute released a Clinical Announcement stating that concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiation should be the new standard of therapy for high-risk early stage and locally advanced cervical cancer. The introduction of taxanes in both neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy and concurrent chemoradiation could further improve the results of these two treatment modalities. A multicenter randomized trial comparing chemo-surgical treatment with concurrent chemoradiation is warranted to better define the optimum therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced cervical cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postoperative radiotherapy of rectal carcinoma].

In the last 40 years, radiotherapy as gained a major role in the curative treatment of rectal carcinoma. Based on a reported incidence of local failure after surgery between 15% and 50%, in patients with T3-4 rectal cancer, postoperative radiation has been proposed in this group of patients. However, postoperative radiotherapy results associated with a relatively high incidence of acute and late toxicity and the reported improvement in local control attained statistical significance only in the MRC randomized trial. A recent publication suggests that postoperative radiation should probably be reserved to the subgroup of pT3 patients with unfavourable features. Postoperative radiation therapy is considered also for patients with G1-2 carcinoma treated with local excision, who do not show lymphatic or venous invasion, and for those with pT2 stage or pT1 carcinoma with involved resection margins.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Postoperative chemotherapy in rectal carcinoma].

The natural history of rectal carcinoma requires to achieve strategies addressed both local control and the prevention of distant metastases. Based on the NCI Consensus Conference of 1990, the recommended adjuvant treatment for rectal carcinomas staged pT3, or with pathologically involved lymph nodes, is represented by concurrent chemoradiation. The role of chemotherapy in the adjuvant treatment of patients operated on for rectal tumor remains unclear also in patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation. The chemotherapeutic drugs to be used, and the potential role of chemotherapy alone for patients at low risk of local recurrence, should also be considered. In this analysis literature data regarding these issues are presented. Despite the absence of clear indications from published data, in patients with pathological B2 or C stage after preoperative chemoradiation it seems that adjuvant chemotherapy should be used.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of adjuvant radiotherapy in the treatment of rectal carcinoma].

Radiotherapy (RT) either pre or postoperative is widely accepted as the standard adjuvant treatment in rectal carcinoma invading the perirectal tissues. The main effect of RT was to decrease the incidence of local recurrence by 30%-50%; there was however no evidence of any impact on survival. With preoperative RT a large range of doses was tested; a dose of 35 Gy or more with fractions of 1.8-2.0 Gy five times per week (or a biologically equivalent regimen) is required to affect the local recurrence rate; with postoperative RT a more uniform dose of 45-50 Gy in 5 five weeks was used. Wether RT is better to be given pre or postoperatively has been the object of a continuing debate. The preoperative option seems at present preferable: the main advantages of this option are the lower morbidity and the possible increase of sphincter saving surgery; the availability of the intrarectal imaging modalities made the clinical staging very reliable, eliminating the major concern of preoperative RT represented by the possible overtreatment of early intraparietal tumours. For tumours located in the range of applicability of intrarectal US or MR (extraperitoneal rectum) preoperative RT should be considered the first choice adjuvant treatment. For tumours located in the intraperitoneal part of the rectum postoperative RT, on the basis of pathological staging, is probably preferable. Two randomized trials reported an improvement of the overall survival when postoperative RT was given concomitantly with 5 Fluorouracil but at the expense of a higher morbidity and a lower compliance. The most promising approach to be explored seems therefore the concomitant combination of preoperative RT and 5 Fluorouracil. Future studies should also define the more effective modality of this combination and wether 5 Fluorouracil has to be given alone or combined with other drugs.

Humans↗