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Biomedical subjects

L E Gedymin

Publications and source records attributed to L E Gedymin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Impact of phthisiosurgery on the development of morphological studies of the lung].

The paper describes the most important developmental stages of phthisiomorphology in chronological order, by using as an example the work of the Pathomorphology Laboratory, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, since its organization. It also shows the stages of phthisiosurgery with the inestimable scientific and practical contribution of the works by L. K. Bogush and his followers from the formation of lung surgery to today's achievements. The authors give examples of the long-term working partnership of surgeons and morphologists in the development of these two disciplines, which was fruitful in deciding many issues of phthisiology.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2006

[On the morphological diagnosis of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis].

The intraoperative samples taken from 15 patients with acutely progressive drug-resistant fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. There were typical signs of granulomatosis inflammation, a predominance of an exudative tissue reaction, and an extensive vascular bed lesion. Two types of perifocal cellular infiltrates were identified. Mononuclear infiltrates with epithelioid cellular transformation along the periphery were defined as specified. Nonspecific infiltrates were composed of foam macrophages-lipophages and they reflected lipid metabolic disturbances. In addition, the severity of the process was determined by an extensive specific bronchial lesion of all generations. A morphological study of the samples could reveal the tissue and cellular features of respiratory organs in drug-resistant tuberculosis and identify the diagnostically significant signs of specific and nonspecific inflammation.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2004

[The tissue and cellular reactions of the lung in drug-resistant tuberculosis].

The material obtained from 52 patients with drug-resistant fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis was studied. Morphological studies established the progression of a process in 94.2% of the cases. There was a prevalence of an alternatively exudative tissue reaction, a generalization of the process with specific and non-specific changes in the lung, lesion to the vascular bed with a predominance of an exudative reaction, generalized nonspecific and specific bronchitis with impaired elimination of the intraalveolar contents and with the preserved extensive cellular infiltrates in the lung. Healing elements as the signs of the encapsulation of caseous necrosis, the proliferation of lymphoid elements, and a macrophageal response were simultaneously revealed, which provides evidence for that different modalities of pathogenetic therapy should be used.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Leukinferon in combined therapy for acute pulmonary tuberculosis].

Experiments on 140 CBA and C57BL/6 mice and studies of 163 patients with acute pulmonary tuberculosis have indicated that leukinferon has a immunomodulating effect on morphological reactions in the lung and on the clinical course of the disease. They have shown that leukinferon plays an important role in the activation of exudate macrophages and in the acceleration of their differentiation in experimental tuberculosis and that there is a rapid elimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the involved organs without production of the L-forms of the causative agent when immunomodulation is used. At months 2-3, the patients with acute pulmonary tuberculosis showed the accelerated processes of detoxification, abacillation, infiltrate resolution, and decay cavity closure during hemo- and immunomodulation with the normalized production of cytokines (gamma-interferon and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). During 6-month therapy, a severe pulmonary process was arrested in 84% of cases and some patients were operated on (76% in the comparison group). The morphological effect of leukinferon was to increase mononuclear infiltration and to normalize a lung connective tissue response, by further decreasing the rate of inflammation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of immunomodulator leukinferon on the course of experimental tuberculosis].

An experiment was conducted on 60 CBA mice intravenously inoculated with cultured Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MBT), Erdmann strain, in a dose of 0.025 mg. The specific features of tissue, cellular, and biochemical reactions were studied in the lung, liver, and spleen when leukinferon (LF) was included into tuberculosis treatment regimen. LF was shown to have a positive impact on the development of reparative reactions during tuberculous inflammation by reducing the time of abacillation and recovering the structure of diseased organs. By month 3 of follow-up, MBT were not detected in mice receiving antibacterial agents (ABA) and LF, while typical and changed forms of LF were identified in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages in mice treated with ABA alone. A specific feature of an inflammatory reaction as a significant proliferation of lymphocytes and macrophages with their ample infiltration of target organs was noted in animals receiving LF. This was followed by the activated production of alpha- and gamma-interferons and by the mobilization of an enzymatic link of anti-oxidant defense under chronic oxidative stress, which led to a reduction of resolution of inflammatory areas and to an increase in survival of animals which had not been given ABA, but treated with LF alone.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2001

[Features of morphological reactions in caseous pneumonia].

The morphological features of caseous pneumonia (CP) were studied in 90 patients aged 20-54 years by using specimens obtained at autopsy and surgery at the Central Research Institute of Therapy, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and Moscow Clinical Tuberculosis Hospital No. 7. Thirty patients died from CP, 30 were operated on for CP. A matched group of 30 patients was operated on for fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis (FCPT). Of the 30 patients operated on for CP, the process was classified as an individual nosological entity in 19 patients and as a complication due to FCPT in 11 patients. Out of the 30 deceased, CP was as an individual nosological entity in 17 patients and it complicated acute FCPT in 13 patients. Morphological (light and electron microscopy) and immunomorphological studies revealed the specific features of CP, which distinguished it from other forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. These included: the fulminant course and dissemination of lung tissue lesion, which is association with the appearance of intravascular blood coagulation and lung infarction; 2) development of immunodeficiency in the presence of autoallergy to the basilar membrane of lung vessels, macrophageal and lymphocytic dysfunctions; 3) extensive cell dystrophy of the air-blood barrier even in the intact portions of the lung; 4) hepatic dysfunction due to extensive dystrophy to the extent of hepatocytic micronecroses and dyscirculatory disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical presentation, course and treatment of recurrent sarcoidosis: followup data].

The paper presents the results of long-term follow-ups of 107 patients with recurrent sarcoidosis registered as having Group VII-IB. In the patients, there was the greatest dissemination of the process in the lung, intrathoracic lymph nodes and other organs and MF MB in the blood, sputum, BAC? Group VIIIB patients need the greatest attention of physicians, treatment involving extracorporeal and physiotherapeutical methods to prevent respiratory failure and disability.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Platelet activating factor in biological fluids of animals with different species-specific resistance at the stage of infective process after inoculation with mycobacterium tuberculosis].

Following 24 hours, 1, 2, and 6 weeks of inoculation of guinea-pigs and albino rats by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT), the levels of platelet activation factor (PAF) were determined in the plasma, leukocytes, alveolar macrophages, nonfractionated cellular sediment and fluid of bronchoalveolar lavage (FBAL) by testing rabbit platelets. The guinea-pigs developed generalized tuberculosis, the rats receiving a small dose of MT developed nonspecific inflammation and those taking a large dose had specific foci. In both experiments, spontaneous regression of inflammatory changes began in rats after 6 weeks. In the guinea-pigs inoculated by MT, there was a steady increase in PAF synthesis in all cell populations, PAF levels dropped in fluids. In the rats receiving a small dose of MT, the cellular levels PAF levels periodically rose in early infection, but decreased below the control values during regression of inflammatory changes. Concurrently, the level of PAF became lower in plasma and FBAL. With high-dose inoculation, it drastically fell in the cells just after MT administration, then moderately increased during the development of specific changes and again dropped at the end of the experiment. In early infection the changes in PAF levels in the body's fluids were mirror as regards to the respective cells, but at regression of specific changes, the content of PAF was lower than the normal values in all the fluids under study.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Features of oxidative metabolism and level of platelet activating factor in pulmonary and circulating phagocytes of tuberculosis-resistant animals at stages of experimental infection].

An experiment was conducted on noninbred albino rats intraperitoneally inoculated with Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MBT) in a dose of 0.025 mg. Alveolar macrophages (AM), non fractionated cell sediments (NFCS) and circulating leukocytes were studied 1 day, 1, 2, and 6 weeks after inoculation. Spontaneous and killed BCG culture-stimulated killed HCT-test, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and platelet activation factor (PAF) were determined. Morphological changes were histologically controlled. The rats administered the MBT dose sufficient to initiate generalized tuberculosis in guinea pigs were found to develop nonspecific changes which became reversible by the end of the experiment. Throughout the process, there was no splash of basal oxidative metabolism in all phagocytic types and their functional decompensation did not develop. Following 1.5 months, all the types of phagocytes showed an increased oxygen burst during specific stimulation. The level of MDA did not exceed the control values in all periods. The activity of anti-oxidative enzymes changed heterodirectionally. At the final stage, the activity of catalase repeatedly increased with normal or reduced SOD values. In early infection, the concentration of PAF rose in the pulmonary phagocytes. When resistance was formed, in all cell types it fell below the control values.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Oxidative metabolic changes, antioxidantion, and platelet activation rat phagocytes during development of experimental specific tuberculous changes].

An experiment was made on 100 noninbred albino rats, of which 80 rats were intraperitoneally inoculated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) in a dose of 7.5 mg. Examinations were conducted 1 day, 1, 2, and 8 weeks after inoculation. Alveolar macrophages, nonfractionated cellular sediment of bronchoalveolar lavage, and leukocytes were the object of the studies. Spontaneous and BCG-stimulated HCT test, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), and platelet activation factor (PAF) were determined in all cell populations. The course of the process was histologically controlled. Following a fortnight, specific foci developed in the organs, they began spontaneously resolving 6 weeks later. In all types of cells, an infectious process resulted in an increase in the rate of oxidative metabolism, which did not lead to their functional exhaustion. In early infection, the activity of SOD dropped, the level of MDA and the activity of catalase increased. During involution of specific changes, their normalization of MDA and catalase variables corresponded to the high values of SPD in the cells. The level of PAF moderately elevated during the formation of specific changes in the organs and fell below the control values in the involutional phase of the process.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Morphological reactions in the subcutaneous fat after lymphotropic administration of isoniazid: experimental study.

Two experiments were conducted on 36 guinea-pigs. One of them examined the morphology of the distribution of the intravital stain trypan black with isoniazid 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours after their administration into the subcutaneous fat of the neck and axilla. It demonstrated that the agents came from the subcutaneous fat largely to the intrathoracic lymph nodes and lungs via the lymphatics in a retrograde way. The other experiment on 16 healthy guinea-pigs indicated that 1, 2, and 3 months after lymphotropic administration (into the pretrachea and axilla), an infiltrate appeared and increased at the site of drug administration, which became larger after 3 months of lymphotropic injection, and after discontinuation it is completely resolved and the tissue structures of the subcutaneous fat recovered.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

[Morphology of the lungs and cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage in tuberculomas].

Morphology of the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were studied in 27 patients with tuberculomas. The investigators also determined lymphocytic, macrophagal or neutrophil BAL composition regarding lymphocyte, macrophage or neutrophil dominating infiltration of pulmonary tissue outside the sites of specific inflammation. As a result, the activity of the process was assessed by subpopulation composition of lymphocytes in BAL, by morphology of alveolar macrophages in pulmonary tissue; the pattern of inflammatory reaction in the lesion focus was specified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Tuberculosis thanatogenesis and pathoanatomy of caseous pneumonia].

Tuberculosis thanatogenesis of today has been studied on autopsy and operative material. Pathoanatomy and mechanism of development of caseous pneumonia have been investigated: types of tissue reactions and role of terminal and respiratory bronchioles in the development of caseous pneumonia are shown and early phases of pathological changes of the connective tissue and interstitium (acute mesenchymopathy) distinguished. Caseous pneumonia has been distinguished for the first time. Its reversible phase may be cured by modern treatment strategy, whereas in its irreversible form not only conservative, but urgent surgical treatment is indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Advances in microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis].

Combined microbiological investigation of diagnostic material containing granular mycobacteria has revealed cultures-revertants both in tuberculous and sarcoidosis patients. Identification of the isolated cultures provided the conclusion on identity of granular mycobacterial structures discovered both in tuberculous and sarcoidosis patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[A comparison of clinico-scintigraphic studies with the morphological changes in the lungs in destructive tuberculosis].

Radionuclide findings were compared with morphological changes in resected lung tissue in 78 patients with destructive tuberculosis. In the preoperative period, 30 (38.5%) of 78 patients were found to have significant and much significant changes in regional blood flow while 48 (61.5%) patients had restrictive changes. This provides evidence that 76% of the first diagnosed patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis had chiefly inflammatory changes, i.e. the specific process was reversible and only 24% had sclerotic changes. In patients with chronic destructive tuberculosis, sclerotic pulmonary and inflammatory changes were prevalent in 73.6 and 26.4%, respectively. Scintigraphic studies are of great clinical and diagnostic value of characterizing the extent and site of a pathological process in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, revealing regional circulatory disorders both at the site of a specific process and in the intact areas of the lung, as evidenced by morphological studies.

Adult↗