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Biomedical subjects

L E Mansfield

Publications and source records attributed to L E Mansfield.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory disorders.

Gastroesophageal reflux is an important cause of chronic respiratory diseases. Asthma in particular has an interesting and frequent association with GER. Asthma appears to promote GER, and GER can provoke asthma. It behooves the clinician to be aware of this association when treating patients with one of or both of these disorders. Any patient whose respiratory status is worsening without another recognized cause needs to have GER causation considered. Asthmatics whose disease requires systemic steroids or who cannot be controlled are suspect for GER provoked problems. Recognition and treatment of GER will often cause worthwhile improvement of the respiratory illness. This response can often be dramatic.

Gastroesophageal Reflux↗
PubMed1990

The role of antihistamine therapy in vascular headaches.

Migraine (vascular) headache is a complex syndrome that involves vascular hyperreactivity. The functions of systemic mediators in migraine are not fully understood. It is unclear which mediators provoke this probably atopic disorder and which represent an attempt to correct an imbalance. However, it has been demonstrated fairly conclusively that increased histamine levels correlate with migraine attacks in susceptible persons. Recent studies showing that histamine seems to have many different receptors and to adopt different conformations for different receptors may serve as a useful guide to future scientific investigation. Further impetus may come from ongoing studies of H3 histamine receptors, which indicate that H3 agonists offer promise as prophylactic agents for people who suffer from vascular headaches.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Albuterol treatment for children with asthma: a comparison of inhaled powder and aerosol.

A dose-ranging study and a 12-week treatment study were conducted in children with asthma, aged 4 to 12 years, to assess the efficacy and safety of albuterol inhaled as either an aerosol or as dry powder. Both studies were double-blind and placebo-controlled with randomized assignment to treatment. The dose-ranging study in 30 patients indicated that similar single doses of albuterol aerosol and powder had comparable effects with the intermediate doses (i.e., 180 micrograms of aerosol and 200 micrograms of powder) providing effective bronchodilation with minimal adverse effects. In the subsequent 12-week, parallel-group study, 204 children received albuterol as either aerosol, 180 micrograms, or powder, 200 micrograms four times a day. Both formulations were equally effective with no untoward cardiovascular effects and only one incident of mild tremor. Among those children who expressed a preference for one of the delivery systems, significantly more children preferred the powder (44% versus 26%, p less than 0.01). Albuterol taken four times a day as either aerosol or dry powder is both effective and well tolerated in children with asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Use of enzyme-developed immunoblots scanned by densitometry to compare lot-to-lot variability of Russian-thistle extracts.

Two different lots of Russian-thistle extracts from five commercial sources were evaluated by isoelectric focusing, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblots of Immobilon transfers from these separations. The immunoblots were developed by an enzyme-linked method and scanned with a densitometer. The two lots of a standardized extracts produced scans that suggested uniformity in allergenic components. Several of the nonstandarized extract lots also appeared quite comparable. With further refinement, immunoblotting with densitometric analysis appears to offer an attractive way to standardize allergen extracts.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma.

Gastroesophageal reflux provokes asthma in many patients. Conversely, asthma predisposes to gastroesophageal reflux. In many patients, reflux therapy will ameliorate asthma. Recognition of this relationship is facilitated by physician awareness, clinical history, selected laboratory tests, and ultimately, a careful monitoring of the response to antireflux therapy. With the introduction of effective medical antireflux therapy, the opportunity to benefit these patients has increased. Surgical management of reflux-provoked asthma remains an effective and useful alternative in selected patients.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of the individual allergens of Russian thistle pollen by an enzyme-linked immunoblotting technique.

Russian thistle pollen extract was analyzed by immunoblots of isoelectric focused and SDS-PAGE gels. Twenty distinct protein bands were recognized by human IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies in the immunoblot from the SDS-PAGE gel. Molecular weights of these allergens ranged from 12.2 kD to 85 kD. Seventeen bands were detected on isoelectric focusing immunoblots with pI from 3.95 to 7.70. Allergic subjects had differing individual patterns of protein band recognition. Immunoblot techniques provide detailed evaluations of the response of allergy subjects to components of crude natural allergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Gastroesophageal reflux and diseases of the respiratory tract: a review.

Gastroesophageal reflux is an important cause of chronic respiratory disorders. In at least two common pulmonary conditions, chronic bronchitis and asthma, there may be a ying-yang association between the pulmonary disease and gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal-provoked disease needs to be evaluated in patients with chronic respiratory disease whose condition is progressing in spite of adequate medical therapy; whose history strongly supports this concept; and whose laboratory tests suggest a causal relationship. Recognition and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, either medical or surgical, can benefit respiratory problems of many patients.

Bronchodilator Agents↗
PubMed1989

Gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory disorders: a review.

Gastroesophageal reflux is an important cause of chronic pulmonary disease. Particularly, chronic bronchitis and asthma are two common conditions in which there may be a chicken-and-egg association between the pulmonary problems and the gastroesophageal reflux. This interesting relationship needs to be considered in any patient with chronic pulmonary disease in whom the condition is progressing in spite of adequate medical therapy, in whom the history strongly supports this concept, and in whom laboratory tests suggest a causal relationship. Recognition and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, either medical or surgical, can lead to improvement in the pulmonary condition of a large number of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of dermographia, histamine, and dextromethorphan skin tests by ketotifen. A possible effect on cutaneous vascular response to mediators.

Forty-one subjects with dermographia were studied for a 4-week period. Twenty subjects received ketotifen therapy, the other 21 received chlorpheniramine (H1) for 2 weeks, and then chlorpheniramine plus cimetidine (H1 + H2). Both groups had significant suppression of dermographia and skin wheals caused by dextromethorphan and histamine after 2 weeks. The inhibition by ketotifen of dermographia, histamine wheal, and the dextromethorphan wheal increased from week 2 to week 4. During the first 2 weeks, ketotifen's activity was comparable to chlorpheniramine. Ketotifen's activity increased during the second 2 study weeks to match the additional chlorpheniramine. These results suggest that ketotifen may have additional pharmacologic activities besides H1 antagonism, including possible inhibition of mast cell mediator release. As a consequence, cutaneous vascular hyperresponsiveness may decrease. Ketotifen appears promising as treatment for allergic skin disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Food allergy and headache. Whom to evaluate and how to treat.

Clinical observations and studies support the role of food in causing migraine and sinus headache. Diagnosis of food allergy is based on a diet log, diet trial, and prospective food challenges as indicated. In most cases, patients with food-provoked headache can obtain relief by avoiding a few selected, commonly eaten foods. Benefits of an avoidance diet include the need for fewer medications.

Food Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1988

Regional individual allergen based miniscreen to predict IgE-mediated airborne allergy.

A small panel of local individual regional allergens (miniscreen) tested in vitro by FAST was developed to evaluate the utility of screening for IgE-mediated airborne allergy. Using this miniscreen in a population of 125 subjects referred for evaluation of possible allergic respiratory disorders would have increased the accuracy of referral from 74.4% to 95.6%. The miniscreen correctly classified 119 of the 125 subjects. The miniscreen appears to be a potentially useful tool for the allergy specialist in the present medical climate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Ethanol-induced urticaria: a case report.

Urticaria, after ingesting ethanol, is rare. A 36-year-old Caucasian male developed multiple, generalized, pruritic urticarial lesions 5 to 15 minutes after drinking alcoholic beverages of any type. A blinded challenge with 5 mL of chemically pure 95% ethanol in concentrated grape juice caused urticaria and an elevation of plasma histamine. Pure grape juice alone was unreactive. Prick skin tests with Brewers' yeast, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid were negative. Hydroxyzine (25 mg, p.o., q.i.d.), given for three days prior to challenge, inhibited skin response and histamine release. Biopsy of the urticarial lesions caused by ethanol ingestion showed mast cell degranulation. In this subject, ethanol appeared to directly affect mast cell mediator release by non-IgE mechanisms.

Adult↗