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Biomedical subjects

L E Mansfield

Publications and source records attributed to L E Mansfield.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Analysis of the individual allergens of Russian thistle pollen by an enzyme-linked immunoblotting technique.

Russian thistle pollen extract was analyzed by immunoblots of isoelectric focused and SDS-PAGE gels. Twenty distinct protein bands were recognized by human IgE- and IgG-specific antibodies in the immunoblot from the SDS-PAGE gel. Molecular weights of these allergens ranged from 12.2 kD to 85 kD. Seventeen bands were detected on isoelectric focusing immunoblots with pI from 3.95 to 7.70. Allergic subjects had differing individual patterns of protein band recognition. Immunoblot techniques provide detailed evaluations of the response of allergy subjects to components of crude natural allergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Gastroesophageal reflux and diseases of the respiratory tract: a review.

Gastroesophageal reflux is an important cause of chronic respiratory disorders. In at least two common pulmonary conditions, chronic bronchitis and asthma, there may be a ying-yang association between the pulmonary disease and gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal-provoked disease needs to be evaluated in patients with chronic respiratory disease whose condition is progressing in spite of adequate medical therapy; whose history strongly supports this concept; and whose laboratory tests suggest a causal relationship. Recognition and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, either medical or surgical, can benefit respiratory problems of many patients.

Bronchodilator Agents↗
PubMed1989

Gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory disorders: a review.

Gastroesophageal reflux is an important cause of chronic pulmonary disease. Particularly, chronic bronchitis and asthma are two common conditions in which there may be a chicken-and-egg association between the pulmonary problems and the gastroesophageal reflux. This interesting relationship needs to be considered in any patient with chronic pulmonary disease in whom the condition is progressing in spite of adequate medical therapy, in whom the history strongly supports this concept, and in whom laboratory tests suggest a causal relationship. Recognition and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux, either medical or surgical, can lead to improvement in the pulmonary condition of a large number of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Inhibition of dermographia, histamine, and dextromethorphan skin tests by ketotifen. A possible effect on cutaneous vascular response to mediators.

Forty-one subjects with dermographia were studied for a 4-week period. Twenty subjects received ketotifen therapy, the other 21 received chlorpheniramine (H1) for 2 weeks, and then chlorpheniramine plus cimetidine (H1 + H2). Both groups had significant suppression of dermographia and skin wheals caused by dextromethorphan and histamine after 2 weeks. The inhibition by ketotifen of dermographia, histamine wheal, and the dextromethorphan wheal increased from week 2 to week 4. During the first 2 weeks, ketotifen's activity was comparable to chlorpheniramine. Ketotifen's activity increased during the second 2 study weeks to match the additional chlorpheniramine. These results suggest that ketotifen may have additional pharmacologic activities besides H1 antagonism, including possible inhibition of mast cell mediator release. As a consequence, cutaneous vascular hyperresponsiveness may decrease. Ketotifen appears promising as treatment for allergic skin disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Food allergy and headache. Whom to evaluate and how to treat.

Clinical observations and studies support the role of food in causing migraine and sinus headache. Diagnosis of food allergy is based on a diet log, diet trial, and prospective food challenges as indicated. In most cases, patients with food-provoked headache can obtain relief by avoiding a few selected, commonly eaten foods. Benefits of an avoidance diet include the need for fewer medications.

Food Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1988

Regional individual allergen based miniscreen to predict IgE-mediated airborne allergy.

A small panel of local individual regional allergens (miniscreen) tested in vitro by FAST was developed to evaluate the utility of screening for IgE-mediated airborne allergy. Using this miniscreen in a population of 125 subjects referred for evaluation of possible allergic respiratory disorders would have increased the accuracy of referral from 74.4% to 95.6%. The miniscreen correctly classified 119 of the 125 subjects. The miniscreen appears to be a potentially useful tool for the allergy specialist in the present medical climate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Ethanol-induced urticaria: a case report.

Urticaria, after ingesting ethanol, is rare. A 36-year-old Caucasian male developed multiple, generalized, pruritic urticarial lesions 5 to 15 minutes after drinking alcoholic beverages of any type. A blinded challenge with 5 mL of chemically pure 95% ethanol in concentrated grape juice caused urticaria and an elevation of plasma histamine. Pure grape juice alone was unreactive. Prick skin tests with Brewers' yeast, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid were negative. Hydroxyzine (25 mg, p.o., q.i.d.), given for three days prior to challenge, inhibited skin response and histamine release. Biopsy of the urticarial lesions caused by ethanol ingestion showed mast cell degranulation. In this subject, ethanol appeared to directly affect mast cell mediator release by non-IgE mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The development of subsensitivity to nebulized atropine sulfate.

Ten adult asthmatic subjects were tested for response to inhaled atropine sulfate before and after 3 weeks of inhaled atropine therapy. Four of the ten initial responders no longer responded after the 3 weeks. The mean FEV1 increase was 0.49 L before treatment and 0.30 L after treatment (P = .025). Subsensitivity to the effects of atropine develops, but may be limited to a subset of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Orthostatic proteinuria and milk ingestion.

An adolescent, contemplating a military career, was found to have orthostatic proteinuria. A thorough evaluation failed to reveal any renal abnormalities. He was tested on a milk-free diet at the request of the parents. The proteinuria cleared, but recurred on an initial open challenge; it did not recur subsequently on a blinded challenge. This experience suggests that patients with orthostatic proteinuria should be evaluated with an elimination diet trial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Failure of Verapamil in inhibiting allergen-induced histamine release in vivo.

In order to evaluate the effect of Verapamil on human cutaneous anaphylactic responses, ragweed-sensitive individuals were skin tested with ragweed, ragweed plus Verapamil, and Verapamil alone. In addition, using a skin chamber technique, the effect of Verapamil on antigen-induced histamine release in vivo was investigated. The results suggest that Verapamil, applied locally in non-irritant doses, does not affect Type I hypersensitivity skin reactions.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Cross-allergenicity among the grasses.

RAST inhibition was employed to determine the allergenic relationship of five common western grasses (brome, quack, western wheat, salt, and grama), three southern grasses (Bermuda, Johnson, and Bahia), and six common northern grasses (timothy, June, rye, red top, meadow fescue, and sweet vernal). The patterns of cross-allergenicity suggested by these studies were compared to those suggested by the botanical classification of these grasses. There was significant cross-allergenicity among the grasses studied. Brome, western wheat, and quack grasses demonstrated RAST inhibition patterns similar to the northern grasses. Salt and grama grasses exhibited close allergenic relationships to Bermuda grass, which was allergenically distinct from the northern grasses. Johnson grass appeared to share allergenicity with both the northern grasses and Bermuda grass. Bahia shared allergenicity with the northern grasses, but also possessed some unique allergens. Timothy and Bermuda grass appeared to account for all of the RAST-inhibiting activity contained in the other grasses studied with the possible exception of Bahia grass.

Cross Reactions↗
PubMed1985

Metered dose inhaler induced bronchospasm in asthmatic patients.

Beta-adrenergic agonists in metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are used extensively in the treatment of asthma. Previously we reported that 23 of 1450 (1.6%) of our asthmatic patients experienced immediate bronchoconstriction after using MDI-albuterol. In this study we investigated immediate bronchoconstriction after use of MDI-metaproterenol and after placebo-inhaler with "inert ingredients" only. Results suggest that those patients who complained of chest tightness or lack of relief following the use of MDI beta-adrenergic agonists are having true bronchoconstriction. The bronchoconstrictive response is most likely caused by the propellants or the other inert ingredients contained in these MDIs.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1985

Food allergy and adult migraine: double-blind and mediator confirmation of an allergic etiology.

Foods as a cause for migraine attacks were evaluated in 43 adults with recurrent migraine. Skin testing, elimination diets, double-blind challenges, and measurements of plasma histamine were performed. Thirteen subjects experienced 66% or greater reduction in headache frequency during a diet trial. Six subjects became headache free. Eleven of 16 skin test-positive patients responded to diet manipulation, while only two of 27 skin test-negatives did (P less than .005). Seven subjects agreed to double-blind challenges. In five of seven, at least one food provoked migraine. Placebo challenges did not provoke migraine. In three subjects, plasma histamine rose during migraine provoking challenges. The relationship between food ingestion and migraine is based in part on allergic mechanism. Tests for IgE-specific food allergy appear helpful in selecting patients likely to benefit from diet therapy.

Adolescent↗