PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L G Farkas

Publications and source records attributed to L G Farkas.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Does early movement speed the recovery of function of repaired flexor tendon?

The effect of early movement on flexion return in the repaired deep flexor tendon of 85 chicken toes was assessed. Postoperatively, the leg was immobilized in plaster. Beginning 18 days after surgery, minimal flexion of the third toe was induced by electrical stimulation of the deep flexor muscle in 38 chickens. Thirty-five days after surgery the plaster was removed and during the next 25 days the flexion was measured 15 times and compared with preoperative findings in the same chicken. In birds with early movement, averages of the last 4 daily measurements of total flexion were significantly greater (p = 0.005) than in those without stimulation. The extent of the loss of flexion depended on the quality and anatomical location of the peritendinous connections. Greatly reduced flexion was seen in the presence of multiple fibrotic interflexor bridges and firm adhesions. There were significantly fewer dehiscences at the repair site in the stimulated than in nonstimulated birds (standard error of difference = 9.2, difference 21.9%).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Controlled digital motion by electrical stimulation of the flexor muscle in chickens.

A method for producing motion in the deep flexor tendon by electrical stimulation of its muscle was devised and applied in 38 chickens whose legs were immobilized after tendon repair. Six days prior to tendon surgery, stainless steel electrode wires were implanted in the muscle belly. Stimulation was carried out from day 18 to day 35 after tendon surgery. Stimulation consisted of trains of pulses (50 pulses per second for 0.5 seconds) repeated every 2 seconds with the output voltage adjusted to produce only slight flexion of the distal phalanges of the toes. The stimulation was well tolerated by the chickens and produced the desired tendon motion. Muscle fiber changes were minimal and appeared to be related to the trauma of electrode implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Functional return of tendon graft protected entirely by pseudosheath--experimental study.

Sixty-three white Leghorn chickens were used in a two-stage tendon grafting into the deep flexor of the third toe. In the first stage, a 4- or 8-week-old pseudosheath was created around the Silastic rod. In the second stage, the grafting was carried out: in 33 birds the new sheath covered the entire tendon graft and its junctions; in 30 controls, only the main portion of the graft was covered by pseudosheath. Following 6 weeks of immobilization, the toe was left free for 8 weeks and active flexion was registered once a week at perching. The covered junctions were found to be of high anatomical quality; they were, on an average, stronger, and flexion return was significantly greater (in 8-week-old pseudosheath) when compared with noncovered control grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Silastic rod pseudosheaths and tendon graft healing.

By examining the breaking strength and gap formation of tendon graft junction sites covered with pseudosheath at various times of immobilization, no significant increase was found compared to junction sites not covered by the pseudosheath. The optimum time for immobilization following tendon grafting is between 4 and 5 weeks in the chicken. Total coverage of the junction sites by pseudosheath did not affect gap formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Is photogrammetry of the face reliable?

The reliability of photogrammetry was assessed in 18 healthy young, white Canadians of each sex. Landmarks were indicated on the face before direct measurement and photography. Of 104 surface measurements taken directly from the head, face, and ears of subjects, 62 could be duplicated on the life-size frontal and left lateral photographs taken from the head in standard position. Of these 62 measurements, 26 were reliable (the same as or differing from the direct measurements by no more than 1 mm or 2 degrees). The greatest number of reliable measurements were of the lips and mouth (7 out of 13), but no ear measurements were reliable. Almost half (9) of the reliable measurements were inclinations. More correct vertical measurements were possible from lateral prints than from frontal views, but many lateral facial measurements from profile prints were distorted. Frontal-view prints gave additional reliable measurements.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Orbital measurements in the presence of epicanthi in healthy North American Caucasians.

Anthropometric examination of 1,312 healthy North American Caucasians (654 boys, 658 girls) aged 6-18 years revealed epicanthus in 387 subjects (29.5%, 198 boys and 189 girls). Significantly more epicanthi were minor (232, 59.9%) than major, i.e., moderate or marked (155, 40.1%; SED = 3.5, diff. = 19.8). Only one quarter of major epicanthi were marked, i.e., covered the inner canthus (39, 3% of entire sample population). The prevalence of major epicanthi decreased significantly with age in both sexes. Surface measurements did not confirm the visual illusion that the interocular distance is wide in subjects with epicanthus. The nasal root was on average shallower and the eye fissure shorter and more tilted in subjects with major epicanthus than in those without. Though minor epicanthus in Caucasians is a statistical variation of normal eye lid structure, major epicanthus persisting in adulthood may indicate developmental disturbance. Anthropometry provides accurate measurements of orbital dimensions necessary to identify such developmental disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nostril asymmetry: microform of cleft lip palate? An anthropometrical study of healthy North American caucasians.

Eight surface measurements of the nose and quality of nostril type and ala shape helped in the classification of 184 nostril asymmetries found in 1312 health North American Caucasians six to 18 years of age. Twenty-one of 1312 persons (1.6%) revealed severe degrees of nostril asymmetry characterized by uneven level of the alar base, asymmetries in the width of the nostril floor and length of the columella, and deviations in the columella and nasal bridge. This variation was most similar to the nasal disfigurement found in noncleft members of cleft families (Fukuhara and Saito, 1963; Tolarová et al., 1971). In order to accept this variation as a microform of the cleft anomaly, further anthropometrical study of the nose of noncleft members of cleft families will be required;

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Vertical location of the ear, assessed by the Leiber test, in healthy North American Caucasians 6--19 years of age.

A method of assessing the level of the ears, slightly modified from that devised by Leiber (1972), and the instrument developed for the measurements, are described. In a study of 1312 healthy North American Caucasians of both sexes aged 6--19 years, dystopic ears were found in 15 (1.2%). The ears were low-set in 13 (5 bilateral and 8 unilateral), in more males (8) than females (5), and were high-set in 2 (bilateral in a girl and unilateral in a boy). The level of normally located ears changed with age, from low-normal location in early school age to middle-normal in young adulthood. Almost 10% of "normally" located ears were situated asymmetrically, but these asymmetries could not be detected visually.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ear morphology in Treacher Collins', Apert's, and Crouzon's syndromes.

Size, proportions, level, inclination and shape of the ears were assessed by anthrompometric methods in eight patients with Treacher Collins' syndrome, eleven with Apert's, and 25 with Crouzon's syndrome. The ears were most severely damaged in Treacher Collins' syndrome, in which they were microtic or disproportionally long; many were low-set and with great inclination. All patients with Apert's syndrome had low-set ears and a tendency to disproportion, with widening and small inclination of the longitudinal axis. The ears were least affected in Crouzon's syndrome; in two-thirds of the patients there were mild growth variations leading to disproportion in width (wide ears), or low-set ears, or both.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed1977

Anthropometry of the face in lateral facial dysplasia: the bilateral form.

The morphology of the head, face, and ears was studied in 26 patients with bilateral lateral facial dysplasia in The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, using anthropometric and cephalometric methods. The anthropometric data of the maxilla and mandible were compared to the cephalometric findings. The study showed that, in the majority of the patients, one side of the face was more damaged than the other was was associated with a high frequency of defects in all areas of the face. The microtic ear was not necessarily part of this syndrome. The anthropometry proved to be a valuable supplement to the x-ray cephalometry assessment of the malformed face.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Anthropometry of the face in lateral facial dysplasia: the unilateral form.

The skull, face and ears of 46 patients with the unilateral form of lateral facial dysplasia were examined at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, using anthropometric methods for the purpose of contributing to the morphology of this syndrome. The classical picture of unilateral facial asymmetry with microtia was found in 13 cases (28.3%). The study showed bilaterally defective mandibular arc measurements in 28 per cent of the cases. The facial damage was associated in 15 per cent with ears normal in size but defective in location, level, and shape. The anthropometric examination revealed a great variety of defects on both sides of the face, often barely detectable by routine inspection. It was also found that great deficiencies in the surface measurements were accompanied by great bone deficiencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Quantitative assessment of the morphology of the pig's head used as a model in surgical experimentation part 2: results of measurements.

We recorded 32 measurements from the surface of the head of healthy pigs at five, 11, 21 and 37 weeks of age. Average absolute growth gains were smallest in the orbit and nose and greatest in the anterior-posterior and circumferential measurements of the head. Average relative increases were smallest in measurements of the orbit and greatest in the circumference of the head and "face". Average absolute growth gain per week was greatest during the second stage (between 11 and 21 weeks of age). Similarities in splanchnocranial growth in humans and pigs were noted, confirming the applicability of these measurements in facial reconstruction research in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Quantitative assessment of the morphology of the pig's head used as a model in surgical experimentation. Part 1: Methods of Measurements.

Thirty-two surface measurements were described for assessment of the effect of complex surgical operations on the skeleton of the face in pigs. The methods of measurements imitate those of anthropometry. The surface measurements can complement cephalometry with data about the changes in the soft tissue and thus improve the documentation of the effect of surgery. This paper can help in the evaluation of complicated osteotomy procedures using the pig as the animal model, for facial reconstruction research in humans.

Animals↗