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Biomedical subjects

L G Petersson

Publications and source records attributed to L G Petersson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Fluoride mouthrinses and fluoride varnishes.

The cariostatic efficacy of rinsing with a 0.05-0.2% neutral sodium fluoride solution has been clearly demonstrated, especially in supervised school-based programmes in moderate and high caries risk children. The cost-benefit effect, however, is questionable in populations with low caries prevalence, and fluoride rinsing programmes are gradually being replaced by more individual fluoride therapy comprising combinations of fluoride toothpastes, tablets, or varnishes. Fluoride varnishes were developed as individual alternatives to conventional topical fluoride application and are today gaining acceptance for clinical application. Two varnishes, Duraphat containing 5% wt NaF and Fluor Protector with 0.9% wt fluor silane, are available commercially. The clinical effects seem to depend mainly on application frequency, especially in high caries risk groups. The cost-benefit effect is high, but can be increased by delegating application to auxiliary personnel in conjunction with regular dental visits. Toxicologically both fluoride mouthrinses and fluoride varnishes are safe if used as directed.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Antimicrobial effect of a dental varnish, in vitro.

The effects of a polymer based antimicrobial releasing varnish Cervitec were investigated against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains as well as a yeast using the agar diffusion inhibitory test (ADT-test in vitro). As positive controls a 1% chlorhexidine gel and 1% aqueous solution of thymol and a placebo polymer varnish without active agents were employed. The test experimental varnish containing 1% chlorhexidine and 1% thymol showed antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms tested including one Candida strain. The positive controls were similar in effect compared to the test varnish. No antimicrobial effect was observed with the placebo varnish without active ingredients. Toothpicks and dental floss treated with the test varnish showed an antimicrobial effect against S. mutans even after storing in room temperature up to 12 months. The results from this study support earlier laboratory studies that chlorhexidine and thymol diffuse out of the experimental varnish and that the varnish is active against various of oral pathogens. The possibility to use toothpicks or dental floss impregnated with the varnish with the aim to become chemotherapeutically active against periodontal diseases as well as against dental caries, is promising and should be tested in vivo.

Actinomyces viscosus↗
PubMed1991

Mutans streptococci in saliva and interdental spaces after topical applications of an antibacterial varnish in schoolchildren.

The effect of a chlorhexidine-containing varnish on the levels of mutans streptococci in saliva and in interdental spaces was investigated in 33 15-year-old schoolchildren. Each child was treated with an active (1% chlorhexidine; 1% thymol) and a placebo varnish preparation following the split-mouth technique. The varnishes were applied twice in small amounts into upper interdental areas with a 2-d interval. Mutans streptococci in saliva and interdental plaque was sampled and enumerated during 3 months. The results showed an immediate reduction of the number of interdental mutans streptococci on both test and placebo side after the varnish applications. The levels, however, were significantly lower in the test quadrants compared with the placebo-treated sides after 8, 30 and 90 d. Thus, the findings indicate a slower recolonization in interdental spaces treated with the active preparation. The levels of mutans streptococci in saliva were significantly reduced 1 and 3 months after varnish treatment, suggesting a long-term effect of the antibacterial varnish.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Caries-inhibiting effects of different modes of Duraphat varnish reapplication: a 3-year radiographic study.

One hundred and sixty 11-year-olds were randomly allocated to two experimental groups, one test (group 1) and one control group (group 2), for a 3-year clinical test comparing different modes of fluoride varnish treatment. In the test group, children received Duraphat varnish treatments 3 times a week, once a year. The children in group 2 were treated with Duraphat every 6 months. During the experimental period, children in group 1 received 9 fluoride varnish applications, and in group 2, 6 applications. Four bitewing radiographs were taken in each child each year for the measurements of the incidence and progression of proximal caries. Repeated fluoride varnish treatment with Duraphat, 3 times a week once a year, appears to inhibit proximal caries progression and development since the children in this group showed even a lower caries status, 1.3 +/- 0.3 DS, at the end of the study compared to 1.6 +/- 0.2 DS at the outset. In group 2, the children increased their caries status from 1.7 +/- 0.2 to 2.4 +/- 0.4 DS during the experimental period. The caries difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05) between the two groups. A health economic comparison of the two modes of application showed 30% lower costs for the children in the test group based on time used for preventive measures and assumed filling therapy.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Caries-preventive effect of dentifrices containing various types and concentrations of fluorides and sugar alcohols.

The caries-inhibiting effect of unsupervised daily use of four different toothpastes was compared in a 3-year clinical and microbiological study: (1) 0.8% sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) with 3% xylitol and 6% sorbitol; (2) 0.03% sodium fluoride with 3% xylitol and 6% sorbitol; (3) 0.8% MFP with 9% sorbitol, and (4) 0.03% sodium fluoride with 9% sorbitol. In all 284 children, 12-13 years old at baseline, took part in the study. After 3 years, no statistically significant differences were found between the different toothpaste groups concerning either development of initial or gross caries lesions or number of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva. However, children with no detectable approximal caries at baseline, who used the MFP toothpaste with the xylitol-sorbitol mixture, showed a lower (p less than 0.05) caries increment as compared with children who used the MFP toothpaste with sorbitol alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effect of partial substitution of invert sugar for sucrose in combination with Duraphat treatment on caries development in preschool children: the Malmö Study.

The aim was to study the effect of substitution of invert sugar for sucrose, in combination with fluoride varnish (Duraphat) treatment twice a year, on caries development in preschool children. One hundred and eighty-seven 4-years-olds were divided randomly into four sugar groups: (1) sucrose (S), (2) sucrose-Duraphat (SD), (3) invert sugar (I), and (4) invert sugar-Duraphat (ID). All families were asked to buy beverages, biscuits, breakfast cereals, marmalade, ice cream, jam, ketchup, sweets and table sugar, totally 32 different food items, sweetened with invert sugar or sucrose. The substitution was, thus, restricted to a number of sugar-rich between-meal products. The study was carried out double-blind for 2 years. The children of those parents who did not want to participate in the sugar groups were divided randomly into one of the following two groups: (5) Duraphat (D), and control (C). Because of lack of cooperation, only 114 of the 187 children (61%) were considered to have completed the study. The mean caries increment, including initial lesions, was 3.86 dmfs in the combined groups S and SD (n = 63) and 3.10 dmfs in the combined groups I and ID (n = 51) during the 2 years (p = 0.34). The corresponding values for the 2nd year only were 1.84 and 0.67 dmfs, respectively (p = 0.09). The mean caries increment was 2.86 dmfs in group D (n = 113) and 4.10 dmfs (p = 0.08) in group C (n = 93). If initial caries lesions were excluded from the index, the difference between groups D and C was significant (p = 0.008).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cariogenic Agents↗
PubMed1991

Effects of premilking teat preparation on spores of anaerobes, bacteria, and iodine residues in milk.

Premilking teat preparations using individual paper or cotton towels for either 6 or 20 s to reduce bacteria and iodine residues from teat surfaces were determined through Latin square designs applied to 50 cows. A cotton towel used for 20 s was most effective in cleaning teats, probably because of the physical structure of the towel, physical action on teat surface, and scrubbing of the teat ends. Premilking teat preparation of 6 s was inadequate to clean teats and to avoid iodine residues in milk. Teat end erosions increased iodine residue in milk. Two days after a treatment period, iodine content in milk from iodophor-dipped groups was similar to that of the undipped control group. Against our expectation, teat dipping with a .25% iodophor teat dip caused higher iodine residue in milk than a .50% iodophor teat dip. Differences in formulations and inert ingredients of iodophor teat dips indicate a need for further studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dental caries, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and saliva secretion rate in adults.

In 718 Swedish patients, equally divided into four age groups (19-25, 26-45, 46-60, greater than 60 yr), salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, saliva secretion rate, and DMFS were registered. No significant differences were found between the various age groups either in salivary factors or in caries (D). Number of missing (M) and filled (F) surfaces increased with age. Prevalence of root caries, which increased with age, was significantly correlated to number of exposed root surfaces independent of age. Of the total study group, 50% had greater than or equal to 10(6) mutans streptococci and 40% had greater than or equal to 10(5) lactobacilli per mL saliva. Three percent had a saliva secretion rate of less than or equal to 0.5 mL/min. Correlation analyses showed that both mutans streptococci and lactobacilli significantly correlated to the caries prevalence but the r-value never exceeded 0.34.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of topical F- solutions on caries-like lesions in root surfaces.

Topical F- solutions, NaF, SnF2, TiF4, or Fe-Al-NaF, were applied to root surfaces to examine the effect on caries-like lesions produced in vitro. Extracted premolars were treated with a solution for 10 min prior to a 20-day period in acid gel. The lesions were studied by microradiography and light microscopy, and concentration profiles of 12 elements were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the solutions retarded the development of lesions. The greatest effect was obtained with TiF4 and SnF2 solutions. Element analyses revealed that high concentrations of F (up to 3.5%) accumulated in the outer third of the lesion and that SnF2 and TiF4 formed depots in the cementum, although both Sn and Ti also penetrated the lesion. NaF had a weaker effect on lesion formation, but induced a high F concentration in the demineralized zones. The Fe-Al-F solution affected the lesion only marginally and deposited a relatively low F concentration in the lesion, although Fe and Al penetration and depot formation were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fluorine profiles in human enamel after in vitro treatment with dentifrices of different compositions and acidities.

Fluorine uptake has been measured in human enamel after in vitro treatment with slurries of dentifrices of different compositions and acidities. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to determine the quantitative in-depth distribution profiles of fluorine. Five dentifrices were examined: ACTA (pH 5.5) with 250, 1000 and 1500 ppm F as NaF; Colgate (pH 7) with 1000 ppm F as MFP and 400 ppm F as NaF; and Pepsodent (pH 7) with 1000 ppm F as MFP. The results establish that acidulated dentifrice with low F concentration gives about the same fluorine uptake in near-surface enamel as do pH 7 dentifrices with higher F contents. In addition, at depths greater than ca 3 microns, the low F acid dentifrice in fact introduces considerably higher levels of fluorine, and yields at least three times deeper penetration, than do the non-acidulated toothpastes. The study illustrates the advantages of enhanced fluorine uptake, and thereby improved cariostatic effect, by using acidulated dentifrices even at relatively low fluoride concentration.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Oral status and estimated treatment need in Swedish air force conscripts.

The oral status of a platoon of 53 air-force conscripts was investigated. Interviews on regularity of dental care, diet and oral hygiene habits were included. The estimated treatment need was analysed in terms of time required for treatment by dentist or auxiliaries, i.e. hygienist or preventive dental assistant. There was a high prevalence of dental plaque, gingivitis and caries. It was estimated that 16 hours of dentist time would be required for restorations, but no dentist time would be necessary for periodontal treatment. The total time needed for preventive dentistry was estimated at 61 hours of treatment by preventive dental assistants. Such epidemiological data are valuable for estimating prospective treatment needs in population groups and as indicators for needs-related dental manpower planning.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1988

Fluoride uptake on dry versus water-saliva wetted human enamel surfaces in vitro after topical application of a varnish (Duraphat) containing fluoride.

The uptake of fluoride was studied in vitro after application of Duraphat varnish on dry versus wetted enamel surfaces. 30 sound premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Duraphat varnish was topically applied for 6 hours to the air dried surfaces of ten teeth (group 1). In group 2, 10 teeth were also treated with Duraphat but the enamel surfaces were water-wetted. In group 3, surfaces were wetted with fresh chewing-stimulated human saliva. The varnish was allowed to remain on the surfaces for 6 hours in all groups whereafter all teeth stored in synthetic saliva (37 degrees C) for one week before F-analysis performed by the acid etching method. The results indicate that the F-uptake from Duraphat varnish is increased significantly by its application to dry surfaces compared to wetted surfaces. This observation may be of clinical importance and should be further investigated.

Calcium↗
PubMed1987

Effects of premilking stimulation on complete lactation milk yield and milking performance.

Effects of premilking preparation on complete lactation performance were measured with two groups of multiparous Holstein cows; 1) 17 cows received full stimulation, a 60-s routine, and 2) 16 cows received minimum stimulation, a 15-s routine, before machine attachment. Actual unadjusted average lactation milk yield for cows receiving full stimulation was 5.4% less than that for cows receiving minimum stimulation. When postpeak persistencies were compared by linear regression of either 1) daily milk weights or 2) 3.5% FCM from DHI records of milk yield and milk fat percent and fitted to lactation curves using an incomplete gamma function, cows receiving full stimulation produced 1) 2.8 or 2) 2.5% more milk per lactation than did cows receiving minimal stimulation. However, none of the treatment differences in mean milk yield was significant statistically. Milk flow rates, strip yields, and machine on-times were measured at 8-wk intervals throughout lactation. Cows receiving full stimulation had significantly higher average milk flow rates and shorter machine on-times starting at wk 32. There were no significant differences in strip yields or percent residual milk between cows receiving full and minimum stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Fluoride clearance of whole saliva in young school children after topical application.

The importance of fluoride in the saliva after topical F-application has been a matter of discussion in recent years. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the elevation and clearance of fluoride in whole saliva in 24 seven-year-old children, 5, 30 and 120 minutes after the following topical fluoride treatments. Exp. 1: chewing F-tablets - (0.25 mg F - ACO); Exp. 2: sucking F-tablets - (0.25 mg F - Fludent); Exp. 3: F-chewing gum - (0.25 mg F - Fluomin); Exp. 4: F-mouthrinsing - (0.2% NaF); Exp. 5: F-toothpaste - (250 ppm F - ACTA); Exp. 6: F-toothpaste - (1000 ppm F); Exp. 7: F-varnish - (2.3% F - Duraphat). Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed "the time factor" was statistically significant. The interaction between "time factor" and "treatment factor" is obvious. After F-varnish (Duraphat) and F-mouthrinsing treatment there was a significantly increased fluoride concentration in the saliva even after 120 minutes compared to the other treatments. After F-varnish treatment, the concentration in saliva two hours after application was statistically significantly higher than for the other treatments. The mouthrinsings resulted in comparison to the F-varnish in a lower F-concentration after 30 and 120 minutes which however was statistically significantly higher than the F-concentration following the other treatments. No statistical difference was found between F-applications after 30 and 120 minutes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Milk iodine residues in herds practicing iodophor premilking teat disinfection.

The objective was to determine effects of different concentrations of iodophor teat dips on milk iodine residues, when teat dips were used both premilking and postmilking. Eighty cows in each of seven herds were assigned to one of four treatments. Each treatment received postmilking teat dip at .1 or 1% iodophor concentration. Two groups received no premilking dip, and the other two groups received premilking teat dip at the same concentration as the postmilking teat dip. Premilking teat dipping was followed by manual drying of teats. Noniodophor postmilking dips and no premilking inodophor udder sanitizers were used during an 8-d adjustment period. Milk was collected for milk iodine determination from each cow from weigh jars or milk meters at p.m. milkings during the last 3 d of the adjustment period and d 4, 6, and 8 of the treatment period. Premilking and postmilking teat dipping with .1% iodophor dip did not significantly increase milk iodine residue above postmilking teat dipping with .1% iodophor dip alone. However, 1% iodophor postmilking teat dip significantly increased milk iodine residue over use of .1% iodophor dip used as a premilking and postmilking teat dip. Adding a 1% iodophor premilking teat dip significantly increased iodine residues.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of a jet abrasive instrument (Prophy Jet) on root surfaces.

A Prophy Jet instrument was tested in order to analyze the abrasive effect and surface alterations on human root cementum and dentine. Photomicrographs from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a profilometer technique for depth analyses were used for evaluation. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the Prophy Jet technique had an abrasive effect reaching about 25 microns in depth after 30 seconds treatment. The root surface, cementum as well as dentine also became rougher after treatment judging from the SEM micrographs. Clinical advantages and disadvantages by using the Prophy Jet instrument will be discussed. Further studies seems to be justified concerning the jet abrasive technique.

Dental Cementum↗