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Biomedical subjects

L Gahnberg

Publications and source records attributed to L Gahnberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Longitudinal study of dental caries, tooth mortality and interproximal bone loss in adults with intellectual disability.

The investigation focused on longitudinal changes of oral health in a group of adults with intellectual disability. A number of 124 individuals, aged 21-40 yr in 1990, were followed during 8.5 yr. The incidence and prevalence of caries, incidence of tooth mortality, and interproximal bone loss were registered from clinical examinations and bite-wing radiographs. The subjects visited the dental clinic for preventive dental care on average every third month during the period. The caries incidence was low, on average 0.51 new lesions per yr. Persons with mild intellectual disability experienced more caries than other subjects. During the 8.5 yr, the subjects had lost on average 1.82 teeth, with periodontitis dominating as the reason for tooth mortality. Individuals who cooperated poorly with dental treatment had lost the most teeth. The average annual bone loss in all subjects was 0.03 mm. Subjects with Down syndrome had a higher bone loss compared to those with other diagnoses of intellectual disability. Thus, the major part of the persons with intellectual disability showed satisfactory oral health. However, subjects with poor ability to cooperate with dental treatment and subjects with Down syndrome showed an increased risk for impaired oral health.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Move of adults with mental retardation from institutions to community-based living: changes in the oral microbiological flora.

In the Western world, the policy of deinstitutionalization and integration of individuals with mental retardation is generally accepted. We tested the hypothesis that de-institutionalization may lead to changes of habits with a potential to influence oral health. When 57 adults with mental retardation moved from an institution to community-based living, their oral hygiene habits, gingival bleeding, and a three-day food record were registered one month before and 9 and 21 months after the move. Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, P. gingivalis, and A. actinomycetemcomitans in supragingival plaque, and C. albicans on mucous membranes were analyzed. After 21 months of community-based living, fewer persons showed high classes of mutans streptococci, growth of P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, and high frequency of sucrose intake, and more subjects showed growth of C. albicans. In a short perspective, the indicators of oral diseases suggest an unchanged or lower risk of oral diseases after the de-institutionalization of individuals with moderate or severe mental retardation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Simplified sampling methods for estimating levels of lactobacilli in saliva in dental clinical practice.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether estimation of lactobacilli was possible with simplified saliva sampling methods. Dentocult LB (Orion Diagnostica AB, Trosa, Sweden) was used to estimate the number of lactobacilli in saliva sampled by 3 different methods from 96 individuals: (i) Collecting and pouring stimulated saliva over a Dentocult dip-slide; (ii) direct licking of the Dentocult LB dip-slide; (iii) contaminating a wooden spatula with saliva and pressing against the Dentocult dip-slide. The first method was in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and selected as the 'gold standard'; the other 2 methods were compared with this result. The 2 simplified methods for estimating levels of lactobacilli in saliva showed good reliability and specificity. Sensitivity, defined as the ability to detect individuals with a high number of lactabacilli in saliva, was sufficient for the licking method (85%), but significantly reduced for the wooden spatula method (52%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Incidence of, and reasons for, tooth mortality among mentally retarded adults during a 10-year period.

The aim of the study was to investigate the reasons for, and incidence of, tooth mortality over a 10-year period in mentally retarded adults receiving regular dental care. The number of teeth present in 115 individuals (mean age in 1984 was 41.0, range 19-83 years) was registered in 1984 and 1994. The reasons for tooth mortality, medication utilization, frequency of dental care visits and cooperation during dental treatment were registered and related to tooth loss. The average incidence of tooth mortality was 3.72 teeth during the 10-year period. The mean number of dental care visits per year was 6.6. Most of the 428 teeth (58%) were lost due to periodontal disease. The preventive dental care given was not sufficient to arrest oral diseases. The data indicate, however, that achievement of cooperation in dental care situations not only makes dental treatment possible, but also leads to a decreased incidence of tooth mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A comparison of four home-care fluoride programs on the caries incidence in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the caries preventive effect of 4 fluoride programs over 2 years in the elderly. SETTING: The Public Dental Clinics of Bålsta and Knivsta and the Faculty of Odontology in Göteborg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: One hundred and sixty-four individuals, aged 60 years and older (mean age 71.5 years) who were considered to be at risk from caries. DESIGN: The participants were randomly assigned either to: 1) rinse twice a day with a 0.05% NaF solution (n = 49; rinsing group), 2) suck twice a day on a 1.66 mg NaF tablet (n = 51; tablet group), 3) brush their teeth three times a day using a toothpaste slurry rinsing technique (n = 32; slurry group), or 4) brush their teeth in their usual manner (n = 32; control group). The participants in all 4 groups used a fluoride toothpaste (containing 0.32% NaF) at least twice daily. RESULTS: No new carious lesions were found in 67% of the participants in the rinsing, 43% in the tablet, 25% in the slurry and 16% in the control group over the 2 years. The mean (+/- SD) 2-year caries increment was 0.8 +/- 1.4, 1.4 +/- 1.7, 1.9 +/- 1.9 and 2.3 +/- 2.1 DFS in the rinsing, tablet, slurry and control groups, respectively; it was significantly lower in the rinsing than in the control group (p < 0.01). A lower incidence of DFS was also found in the tablet group than in the slurry group, but only for the lingual surfaces (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The type of fluoride program may be of importance in the reduction of new caries lesions in an older population.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Tobacco preventive measures by dental care staff. An attempt to reduce the use of tobacco among adolescents.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the tobacco habits of children and adolescents within the catchment area of a public dental clinic before and after information about tobacco was given by dental care staff. The study was carried out over a three-year period on all 12- to 19-year-olds who came to the clinic for check-ups, 919, 933 and 859 individuals during each respective year. In the first year epidemiological data regarding use of tobacco were registered. Starting with the second year of the study coordinated information was given about the detrimental health effects of tobacco use. This consisted of individual information during the check-up, waiting-room information, and tobacco information in connection with dental health education in school. Use of tobacco was observed from the age of 14. Use was similar among boys and girls and increased with age. The proportion of tobacco users was 10.3%, 11.5%, and 7.3% for the respective years of the study. Statistical analysis shows that the reduction between the second and third year of the study is significant (p < 0.05). The result supports the hypothesis that tobacco information conveyed by dental care staff can influence the tobacco habits of children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Periodontal disease and dental caries in relation to primary IgG subclass and other humoral immunodeficiencies.

22 females and 3 males with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia (n = 6) or IgG subclass deficiencies with (n = 3) or without (n = 16) concomitant IgA deficiency were examined for periodontal disease and dental caries. Only 1 patient showed more tooth loss than that found in the normal Swedish population. 1 patient demonstrated advanced periodontal disease. No patient exhibited more severe dental caries than that of comparable normal Swedes. Microbiological samples from periodontal pockets and saliva showed recovery of potential periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria within normal ranges. This study could not support the notion that immunodeficient subjects exhibit an increased risk of developing periodontal disease or dental caries.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Crevicular IgG antibodies and recovery of Streptococcus mutans implanted by mouthrinsing.

After challenge with a streptomycin-resistant strain of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), a tendency to higher recovery of S. mutans was found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from surfaces with a low IgG antibody activity against S. mutans than in GCF from surfaces with a high antibody activity. This suggests that antibodies in GCF may interfere with the establishment of S. mutans on gingival tooth surfaces. In GCF collected from some sites, considerably higher IgG antibody activity was observed than in homologous serum, indicating that part of the IgG response to S. mutans was locally derived.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Crevicular IgG antibodies and Streptococcus mutans on erupting human first permanent molars.

The specific IgG antibody activity against indigenous Streptococcus mutans in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was determined in 25, 6-7-yr-old children. Samples of plaque and GCF were collected from all erupting first permanent molars. Plaque samples were also collected from the adjacent second primary molars. The presence of clinical caries was scored as defs. In the same individual a highly significant correlation (p less than 0.005) was found between the level of specific antibody activity in GCF when comparing first permanent molars with each other. No correlation was found between the specific antibody activity in GCF and the number of indigenous Strep. mutans colonizing the buccal surfaces of the first permanent molars. Caries-free children had significantly less specific antibody activity in GCF than children with caries experience (p less than 0.05). In the same child a highly significant correlation (p less than 0.0001) was found between the level of colonization by mutans streptococci on the permanent molars and the adjacent second primary molars.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1991

Crevicular IgG antibodies and recovery of locally implanted Streptococcus mutans in humans.

This study was undertaken with the aim of examining the effect of highly different IgG antibody activities in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on the elimination of a streptomycin-resistant strain of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) topically implanted on the tooth. Two groups of people were selected for the study, one with high and one with low specific IgG antibody activity (IgG antibody activity against S. mutans) in GCF. During an experimental period of 15 d the specific IgG antibody activity in GCF in the same individual stayed on a relatively constant level. Between individuals, however, the specific IgG antibody activity varied considerably. The number of indigenous mutans streptococci and the number of implanted bacteria on the same tooth surface were strongly correlated. The implanted S. mutans strain was rapidly eliminated in all subjects. No difference in the elimination of the implanted strain of S. mutans could be demonstrated between the groups of high and low specific IgG antibody activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The relationship between IgA antibodies to Streptococcus mutans antigens in human saliva and breast milk and the numbers of indigenous oral Streptococcus mutans.

The influence of indigenous Streptococcus mutans on naturally-occurring levels of IgA antibodies was studied in 42 lactating females. Breast milk, parotid and whole-saliva samples were collected and analysed by the ELISA method for IgA antibodies, reacting with antigens from Strep. mutans. All salivas and breast milk showed IgA antibody activity to five antigenic preparations from Strep. mutans and to a pool of Escherichia coli antigens. No correlation was observed between the IgA antibody level in breast milk and that in saliva. The total IgA in breast milk was, however, considerably higher than in the salivas. In subjects with active caries and subjects with high DMFS scores, there was a tendency toward lower levels of IgA antibodies in whole saliva than in subjects with low caries experience. The levels of specific IgA antibodies in saliva did not reflect the amount of indigenous Strep. mutans present in the mouth at the time of sampling.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Salivary antibody responses to oral and parenteral vaccines in children.

Salivary IgA antibody to poliovirus and tetanus toxoid was measured in whole salivas of 151 children between 2 and 48 months of age from North America and from Scandinavia. Children from urban and suburban populations in the greater Boston, MA, area receive both oral poliovaccine and a parenteral injection with tetanus toxoid (TT), initially at approximately 2 months of age. Children from Göteborg, Sweden, initially receive parenteral injections of TT at 2 months of age and parenteral injections of killed polio vaccine initially at 9 to 10 months of age. Twenty-six percent of the Boston subjects who were less than 12 months old had detectable salivary IgA antibody to poliovirus after oral immunization. In contrast, within the first year after parenteral immunization with killed poliovirus, the Swedish group had detectable salivary antibody in 9% (1 of 13) of the subjects. Forty to 65% of the children in the older Boston-area age groups had positive salivary IgA antibody levels to this antigen. No differences were seen in salivary IgA antibody to TT among the three populations. By 36 months of age at least 50% of all populations had detectable salivary antibody to TT. The ratio of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) activity using rabbit anti-human secretory component versus rabbit anti-human alpha chain was significantly higher in subjects less than 12 months of age compared with older groups. This suggested either that free secretory component was binding to tetanus toxoid or that secretory antibody of isotypes other than IgA was present in these youngest subjects.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Salivary-IgA antibody to glucosyltransferase of oral microbial origin in children.

Salivary IgA levels were measured in whole saliva of 143 children, 2-48 months of age. The median salivary IgA concentration of children less than 12 months old was 30 micrograms/ml. A significant increase in salivary IgA concentration occurred in children 12 to 17 months old. More than 50 per cent of the population, 36 months of age and older, had Streptococcus mutans (88 per cent biotype I) recoverable from their teeth. Salivary IgA antibody levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to glucosyltransferase (GTF) antigen complexes from oral streptococci. Salivary IgA antibody to GTF from Streptococcus sanguis was detected in many children. Over 40 per cent of the 43-48-month-old group had detectable salivary antibody to Strep. sanguis GTF; salivary IgA antibody to Strep. mutans GTF (biotype I) was less frequently detected. Most subjects with salivary antibody to Strep. mutans GTF had antibody to Strep. sanguis GTF but only 23 per cent with salivary antibody to Strep. sanguis GTF had antibody to Strep. mutans GTF. Antibody to Strep. sanguis GTF was infrequently associated with the recovery of Strep. mutans from the teeth.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Salivary immunoglobulin A antibodies and recovery from challenge of Streptococcus mutans after oral administration of Streptococcus mutans vaccine in humans.

Heat-killed Streptococcus mutans was administered orally in two periods of 1 week to six subjects in an attempt to affect the salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) response to this bacterium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect specific IgA antibody activity, and an immunofluorescent assay was used for measurement of total IgA in parotid saliva. The salivary IgA response to S. mutans was compared with that against a noncross-reacting antigen preparation from Escherichia coli and with antibody responses in five sham-immunized subjects. No change in salivary IgA response to S. mutans was observed after oral administration of this organism. Significantly less streptomycin-resistant S. mutans could be recovered from the six test subjects than from the five controls after the first of two challenges with streptomycin-resistant microorganisms. At the day of the first challenge, a significantly higher IgA antibody response to all tested antigens was observed in the test group than in the control group. The data show that this difference was not related to the oral administration of S. mutans but rather was an occasional finding. The coincidence of a rapid elimination of the challenge strain and a high IgA antibody response to S. mutans supports the concept that salivary IgA antibodies could have a biological significance in the human defense against cariogenic microorganisms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Available immunoglobulin A antibodies in mouth rinses and implantation of Streptococcus mutans.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies reacting with Streptococcus mutans were analyzed in mouth rinses from 38 adults. Antibody activity was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IgA antibody activity varied considerably in samples from different individuals. Of the 38 subjects, 12 volunteered in an implantation experiment and were challenged with streptomycin-resistant S. mutans. The results indicated that individuals with relatively high IgA antibody activity in mouth rinses more rapidly eliminated the challenge strain than subjects with low IgA antibody activity.

Adult↗