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Biomedical subjects

L Kalisher

Publications and source records attributed to L Kalisher.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: clinical, pathologic, and mammographic features.

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) was diagnosed in 165 surgical specimens (119 patients) at our institution between 1974 and 1987. LCIS was seen more often in younger women (mean age, 49 years) than other breast carcinomas were (mean age, 58 years). Sampling of a single breast revealed multifocal disease in 70% (96/138). When both breasts were sampled, bilateral foci were found in 50% (41/82). Of 165 breasts with foci of LCIS, 37% (61/165) had simultaneously occurring invasive cancers in the same breast. Direct mammographic-pathologic correlation of foci of LCIS was possible in 73 breasts (67 patients). Microcalcifications were an indication for biopsy in 49% (20/41) of breasts with a mammographic abnormality, but were a nonspecific finding often found in tissues adjacent to foci of LCIS. The mammogram was normal in 44% (32/73) of breasts with foci of LCIS. The mammograms of patients with LCIS and those from a group of age-matched control subjects were compared by using a modified form of Wolfe's criteria and the percentage of fibroglandular elements. LCIS was seldom found in an N1 breast (1% vs 29%) or in a breast with less than 25% of its parenchymal area occupied by fibroglandular density (3% vs 33%). Compared with the control group, breasts with LCIS had more than 50% fibroglandular density (85% vs 45%) and a much higher frequency of the DY pattern (56% vs 36%). More fibroglandular density was seen in the LCIS group at all ages. Postmenopausally, the frequencies of the DY pattern and fibroglandular density greater than 50% in LCIS patients were nearly double those in the control group. LCIS patients have disease of the entire breast parenchyma, characterized by multifocality and bilaterality of various forms of lobular disease. Their mammograms reveal a higher rate of the DY pattern and higher percentages of fibroglandular or parenchymal density than those of age-matched controls. In LCIS patients, persistence of the DY pattern, or large amounts of fibroglandular density postmenopausally supports the concept that mammographically dense breasts are a marker for increased cancer risk in women 50 years old and older.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Mammographic features of hidradenitis suppurativa axillaris.

The mammographic features of hidradenitis suppurativa axillaris, a common clinical entity, are described for the first time in this report. Lucent axillary masses with a small central density appear to be a pathognomonic radiographic finding. Other entities seen on mammography such as lipomas, lucent galactoceles, traumatic oil cysts, axillary hibernomas and benign lymph nodes, should not be confused with hidradenitis suppurative axillaris.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Efficacy of the lateral view mammogram in the detection of breast malignancy.

Previous studies suggest that single-view lateral mammography alone results in a small decrease in detection of malignancies. Detection rates for lateral view only and two-view examinations in 200 cases (100 malignant, 100 nonmalignant) were compared. Four to six per cent of cases originally found positive were reinterpreted as negative in both situations. Preliminary findings suggest that the lateral view alone is sufficient, provided a second view is requested in suspicious cases.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Factors influencing false negative rates in xeromammography.

Xeromammographic false negatives were analyzed to ascertain the cause of the errors and determine what corrective measures could be taken. Of 52 cancers miscalled, 52% were not visualized and 48% were categorized as misinterpretations. The causes of these errors are discussed. The error rate in all but 8% of the former group appears to be irreducible, yet errors discussed in the latter group are thought to be correctable in a high percentage of cases. Recommendations to reduce the number of false negatives in this group are presented.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Galactography.

Galactography is a quick effective means of evaluating nipple discharge. It is especially indicated when the effluent is bloody. A description of the procedure is discussed. The radiographic findings in both normal and abnormal studies are presented. Abnormal findings include filling defects, duct cut-off, duct encasement, extravasation, and duct ectasia. The radiographic diagnosis corresponded with pathologic findings in 12 of 16 cases (75%), although in two cases no radiographic or pathologic abnormality was found to explain the bloody discharge.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1978

An improved needle for localization of nonpalpable breast lesions.

The author describes an inexpensive 22-gauge flat head needle which permits rapid and virtually painless preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. The lesion is transfixed and anchored by the needle to the skin after a mammogram is obtained.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of mammographic screen-film systems.

Four screen-film systems were evaluated for their imaging properties in mammography, Modulation-transfer functions were measured at 40 kVp. Absolute screen-film sensitivities in mR and entrance exposures were measured with tungsten and molybdenum target tubes. Five radiologists viewed radiographs of a phantom containing microgranules of SiC ranging in diameter from 590 to 120 micrometer. The Rarex-B screen--composed of yttrium oxysulfide--performed best, allowing phantom radiographs at 185 mR with image quality sufficient to demonstrate microgranules greater than 330 micrometer in dimension.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Intrathoracic lymph node metastases from extrathoracic neoplasms.

The clinical records of 1,071 cases of extrathoracic malignant neoplasms seen over a 2 year period sere reviewed: 163 had abnormal chest films, and 25 of these showed evidence of mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node metastases. The primary malignancies which metastasized to intrathoracic lymph nodes included eight tumors of the head and neck, 12 genitourinary malignancies, three carcinomas of the breast, and two malignant melanomas. The chest films were analyzed to determine the distribution of lymph node groups involved. Unilateral lymph node enlargement occurred in eight. The most frequently detected lymph node group was the right paratracheal chain (60%), while the subcarinal and posterior mediastinal groups were rarely affected. Of the 25 cases, 10 had radiographic evidence of hematogenous or lymphangitic metastases in addition in the lungs. Metastatic disease from extrathoracic neoplasms should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal adenopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Case report: an unusual stress fracture in a jogger.

Stress fractures of the proximal fibula are uncommon, but do occur in the distal fibula in long-distance runners. A case is presented of a 71-year-old jogger who presented with a 2-month history of left knee pain. Radiographs showed an apparent destructive lesion of the proximal fibula which resembled a malignant bone lesion. Excision revealed a healing fracture.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Breast metastasis: an unusual manifestation of a malignant carcinoid tumor.

A metastasis from a bronchial carcinoid tumor presented as an isolated breast mass in a 58-year-old female. A review of the English literature revealed four cases of metastatic carcinoid to the breast that presented as an isolated breast mass. In each case, radical mastectomy was performed after the lesion had been interpreted clinically and pathologically as a primary carcinoma. When the primary tumor was excised, all cases had either regional lymph node or liver involvement. A mass was the usual presenting sign of the metastatic deposit. No metastasis was reported to be greater than 2 cm in diameter. No axillary lymph nodes were reported to contain tumor. Frozen section preparations may not be adequate to differentiate a primary carcinoma of the breast from a metastatic carcinoid tumor, thereby necessitating permanent sections, special stains, review of previously resected neoplasms, or electron microscopy. The first mammogram of a metastatic carcinoid to the breast is reported with this case.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Selection of patients with lymphedema for compression therapy.

Seventeen patients with lymphedema were treated with intermittent external pneumatic compression. Two patients with hemodynamically significant venous obstruction showed no response to therapy. The response of the remaining fifteen patients varied with the degree of subcutaneous tissue fibrosis. Xeroradiographic estimates of tissue compressibility provided valuable prognostic information. Intermittent external pneumatic compression is an effective nonsurgical method of treatment in patients selected by xeroradiography.

Arm↗
PubMed1977

Indications and guidelines for mammographic examinations.

The value of mammography in evaluating the asymptomatic patient has been clearly demonstrated by the HIP program, as well as the National Cancer Institute's breast demonstration projects. A one-third reduction in mortality from breast cancer in mammographically screened women has been substantiated. Nonetheless, questions concerning the long-term effects of repeated radiation exposure associated with mammography have been raised, and for this reason judicious selection of women is urged. In general, women who are asymptomatic or at high risk for breast carcinoma should be evaluated with a planned regimen. Mammographic guidelines and recommendations for attaining the greatest benefit at the lowest possible risk are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Incidence of bone metastases in women with minimal and occult breast carcinoma.

A total of 42 women with proved minimal (14) or occult (28) breast carcinoma were evaluated for up to 48 months (mean = 28 months). Bone scans, radiographs, blood chemistries, enzyme levels, and operative findings demonstrated metastases only in those 6 patients (14%) who presented with symptomatic metastases from an unknown primary source. The other 36 women are free of metastases. Preoperative radionuclide bone scans may not be necessary for women with minimal and asymptomatic occult breast cancers.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Mammographic parenchymal patterns and the prevalence of breast cancer.

An investigation of the relationship between breast parenchymal patterns and breast cancer prevalence in a large referral population is presented. Mammograms were assigned to one of four categories according to our interpretation of Wolfe's classification. Cancer prevalence for the four patterns was similar when uncorrected for age,, and was very high compared to that in the general population. Under age 50, the prominent duct pattern (P2) was associated with a very high relative cancer risk and DY carried a smaller increased risk. After age 50, prevalences for the patterns were nearly equal. Relationship between these findings and epidemiology of breast cancer are discussed and suggestions made for utilizing parenchymal patterns to guide examination frequency.

Adult↗