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Biomedical subjects

L Kun

Publications and source records attributed to L Kun.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[IgA and IgG antibodies to Chlamydia in IgA nephropathy as well as in mesangiocapillary and membranous glomerulonephritis].

It might be supposed that, among the antigens causing chronic immune complex glomerulonephritis (IC GN), there are foreign materials, e.g. bacterial antigens penetrating the mucosal barrier. To put this hypothesis to the test, the presence and titres of IgA and IgG antibodies against Chlamydia (C., one of the most frequent bacteria causing mucosal inflammation) have been studied in the sera of 70 patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA NP), of 25 with mesangiocapillary GN (MCGN) and of 27 with membranous GN (MGN) using a single serovar (L2) inclusion immunoperoxidase assay. Significantly more IgA (titres greater than or equal to 8) and IgG (titres greater than or equal to 32) antibodies were found in the sera of IgA NP and MCGN patients than in healthy controls. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that there are some similarities between the clinical and morphological picture of IgA NP and MCGN. Furthermore, it may be assumed that in renal patients with an active C. infection (high IgG titres with IgA seropositivity) C. antigens may play a role in the production of nephropathogenic IC developing in antibody excess.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Therapy for localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone.

Fifty-two previously untreated patients with localized Ewing's sarcoma of bone were treated with nonintensive chemotherapy in combination with surgery or radiation therapy (RT). RT was delivered to limited volumes in a dose dependent on the initial response to induction chemotherapy (30 to 35 Gy v 50 to 55 Gy). Fifty of the 52 patients achieved complete or partial responses with induction chemotherapy, with one nonresponding patient rendered free of tumor with surgery. Fifty patients were evaluable for local control of tumor and overall response to protocol therapy. Seventeen relapses have occurred; three metastatic, four local plus metastatic, and ten local. Two factors predicted worse disease-free survival: high WBC count (P = .03) and size of primary tumor (P = .05). Of the 14 local recurrences, 12 occurred in 28 patients who presented with primary tumors greater than 8 cm in size while only two of 22 patients with lesions less than 8 cm had local recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of disease-free survival at 3 years is 82% for those with small lesions and 64% for those with larger lesions. Site of primary was of no prognostic value (P = .27). The 5-year survival estimate for all patients is 80% (median time on study, 3.3 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Immune complex nephropathies in patients with malignant tumours.

The authors have studied the incidence of changes related to immune complex glomerulonephritis in postmortem kidney specimens from 23 patients with malignant tumours (18 solid tumours and 5 leukaemias), using light microscopy and immunofluorescence. As revealed by light microscopy, 4 kidneys had diffuse, 2 focal mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and 1 IgA glomerulonephritis. Granular deposition of immunoglobulin in the mesangium was observed in 5 kidneys, on 3 occasions together with C3. In only 2 patients were, in addition to glomerular damage, clinical symptoms observed. No CEA and alpha FP were found in the diseased kidneys. The results suggest that glomerular damage with no or only occasional clinical symptoms is not rare in patients with malignant tumours.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1989

[Application of beta-cyclodextrin during direct pressing of tablets].

In case of tablets prepared by direct procedure the compressibility of beta-cyclodextrin has been studied. It has been established that beta-cyclodextrin--because of its very good flowing behaviour--can successfully be applied as ingredient in direct pressing. When hardness of tablets has to be increased 20% Avicel pH 101 (VN) has been recommended. By comparative test of 1:1 mol physical mixture of chloramphenicol-beta-cyclodextrin and the granulated product it has been ascertained that method of preparation of products, behaviour of applied solid binding materials and degree of applied pressing force decisively influence the compressibility of products. Furthermore, it has been found that application of beta-cyclodextrin influences advantageously the dissolution rate of active principle from tablets.

Cyclodextrins↗
PubMed1987

Metastatic Ewing's sarcoma: remission induction and survival.

Eighteen patients with previously untreated metastatic Ewing's sarcoma (ES) entered a protocol designed to evaluate the response rate to cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin induction therapy delivered before delayed surgery and delayed lower dose, limited-field radiation therapy, (RT), and maintenance chemotherapy. With chemotherapy and delayed surgery, 14 of 18 were rendered free of gross tumor. RT was delivered to the primary site of 11 of these responding patients, plus four of those not free of gross disease. Following RT, two more attained complete clinical remission. Site of primary or metastases did not influence outcome; however, the size of the primary at diagnosis did appear to do so. Ten patients remain disease-free 16 to 82 months (median, 47 months) from diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system. Results of treatment of 11 cases and review of the literature.

Eleven patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) were treated at the Medical College of Wisconsin Affiliated Hospitals between 1964 and 1984. Three patients had a prior history of immunosuppressive therapy following renal transplantation. All patients had biopsy-proven disease and 10 of the 11 were treated with external radiation therapy. The doses to the primary tumor ranged from 34 to 59.4 Gray (Gy). Actuarial (life-table) survival rate was 82% at 1 year and 43% at 3 years. No recurrence was seen after 13 months. Eighty-six reports totaling 693 cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the CNS were found in the literature. Of these, 308 cases were treated with a combination of surgery and irradiation. Overall survival at 5 years for those patients who received more than 50 Gy compared with less than 50 Gy to the primary tumor was 42.3% versus 12.8% (p less than 0.05). Twenty-one patients survived longer than 5 years. Late relapse was notable, with 10 (47.6%) of 21 tumors recurring between 5 and 12.5 years after diagnosis. Based on this review, a minimum of 50 Gy radiation to the primary tumor is recommended. While no statement regarding the efficacy of craniospinal irradiation or chemotherapy can be made in view of the small numbers, the use of craniospinal irradiation and/or systemic chemotherapy should be considered for future trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Spinal cord metastasis in small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Among 50 patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma who were placed on a protocol of combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy, seven patients developed recurrence in the spinal cord. Five cases terminated in paraplegia and death. One patient with pontine recurrence recovered with local radiation therapy. One patient, diagnosed early, responded to local radiation therapy and is ambulatory. Methods of diagnosis were myelogram, computerized axial tomography, cerebro spinal fluid, chemistry and cytologies. The poor prognosis and the difficulty of diagnosis suggest that we should evaluate prophylactic therapy of the entire cranio-spinal axis.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Doxorubicin-vincristine therapy for Wilms' tumor: a pilot study.

Doxorubicin plus vincristine chemotherapy was given to 31 children following nephrectomy for Wilms' tumor. Radiation therapy was used as indicated. Disease-free survival by stage is: eight of nine patients (stage I), eight of nine (stage II), nine of ten (stage III), and two of three (stage IV). Median follow-up of survivors is 28 months (range, 2-67); for all but four patients, follow-up is greater than 12 months. Two of the three stage I-III failures occurred in children with unfavorable histologies; the third failure was due to fatal anthracycline cardiomyopathy. Lowering the maximal cumulative doxorubicin dose from 450 to 240 mg/m2 did not increase failures. Doxorubicin-vincristine appears to be effective chemotherapy for Wilms' tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy in children with left-sided Wilms tumor.

Two children with Wilms tumor of the left kidney experienced severe anthracycline cardiomyopathy after irradiation to the tumor bed and conventional dosage of doxorubicin. The cardiomyopathy is attributed 1) to the fact that radiation fields for left Wilms tumor include the lower portion of the heart and 2) to the interaction of doxorubicin and irradiation on cardiac muscle. It is recommended that doxorubicin dosage be sharply restricted in children with Wilms tumor of the left kidney who receive postoperative irradiation.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1981

Local control of intrathoracic disease with chemotherapy and role of prophylactic cranial irradiation in small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

Between 1978 and 1979, 39 consecutive patients at the Medical College of Wisconsin were seen with small-cell carcinoma of the lung; of these, 31 were treated with chemotherapy and prophylactic CNS irradiation (2500 rad/10 fractions) and were evaluable after 22 month median follow-up. The intrathoracic primary was not irradiated unless there was no response to chemotherapy or subsequent recurrence. Of the 31 patients, 12 had limited disease (LD) and 19 had extensive disease (ED). Twenty, including all the patients with LD, had a complete response, eight had a partial response, and three were nonresponders. Of 24 patients with complete response at the primary site, 20 subsequently displayed local failure of the intrathoracic primary tumor, most developing disseminated extrathoracic disease simultaneously with or shortly after primary failure. The median survival time (MST) of the evaluable group was ten months with an actuarial one-year survival of 39%. Patients with LD had a median remission duration of 13 months and a MST of 16 months. Three patients are still alive with no evidence of disease at 14, 20, and 27 months. Of 26 patients receiving prophylactic cranial irradiation, all are free of CNS relapse. Chemotherapy alone appears insufficient to permanently control the bulky intrathoracic tumor, leading to the use of "consolidation" irradiation of moderate dose (3750 rad/15 fractions) to follow chemotherapy. Prophylactic CNS irradiation should be used routinely.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Extraosseous uptake of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate: neuroblastoma or radiation therapy.

A child with a ganglioneuroblastoma and tumor uptake of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) is presented. After surgical removal of an encapsulated tumor and radiation therapy, an interval bone scan demonstrated the same presurgical abnormality. Awareness of abnormal uptake of 99mTc-MDP in irradiated renal tissue prevents interpreting radiation nephritis as recurrent tumor.

Bone Neoplasms↗