The addition of contrast media such as BaSO4 or ZrO2 to bone cement has adverse effects in joint replacements, including third body wear and particle-induced bone resorption. Ground PMMA containing particles of the non-ionic water-soluble iodine-based X-ray contrast media, iohexol (IHX) and iodixanol (IDX), has, in bone tissue culture, shown less bone resorption than commercial cements. These water-soluble non-ceramic contrast media may change the mechanical properties of acrylic bone cement. The static mechanical properties of bone cement containing either IHX or IDX have been investigated. There was no significant difference in ultimate stress between Palacos R (with 15.0 wt % of ZrO2) and plain cement with 8.0 wt % of IHX or IDX with mass median diameter (MMD) of 15.0 or 16.0 microm, while strain to failure was higher for the latter (p < 0.02). The larger particles (15.0 or 16.0 microm) gave significantly higher (p < 0.001) ultimate tensile strengths and strains to failure than smaller sizes (2.4 or 3.6 microm). Decreasing the amount of IHX from 10.0 wt % to 6.0 wt % gave a higher ultimate tensile strength (p < 0.001) and strain to failure (p < 0.02). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the smaller contrast media particles attached to the surface of the polymer beads, which may prevent areas of the acrylate bead surface from participating in the polymerization. In conclusion, the mechanical properties of bone cement were influenced by the size and amount of contrast medium particles. By choosing the appropriate amount and size of particles of water-soluble non-ionic contrast media the mechanical properties of the new radio-opaque bone cement can be optimized, thus reaching and surpassing given regulatory standards.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic abnormalities caused by postoperative infection following total hip arthroplasty.

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Acetabulum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Soft tissue release for knee flexion contracture in juvenile chronic arthritis.

Twenty-nine soft tissue releases for knee flexion contracture were performed in 23 children 2-15 years of age with juvenile chronic arthritis. The average duration of knee joint involvement was 4.6 years (range 1-11 years), and the mean age at operation was 8.6 years. Twenty-one of the 29 knee joints had a fixed flexion deformity exceeding 15 degrees preoperatively. Twenty-five knees were followed up for a mean period of 3.9 years (range 1-8 years), at which time only eight knees had a flexion deformity exceeding 15 degrees. There was a lasting effect of the release operations, and no significant complications were encountered. It is concluded that the procedure is worthwhile.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stapling of the knee in juvenile chronic arthritis.

Stapling of the distal medial femur and/or proximal tibia was performed in 17 juvenile chronic arthritic knees with progressive valgus deformity. Correction with less than 5 degrees of residual valgus deformity was obtained in all but two knees. Five knees were stapled for correction of progressive leg length discrepancy. Equality of leg length was obtained in two, slight undercorrection in two, and overcorrection in one patient. Careful supervision of the patient is recommended because of difficulties in using existing methods for growth prediction. The rate of correction differs considerably between patients because of differences in age, type of disease, and medical treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sonography in septic arthritis of the hip in the child: report of four cases.

Sonography was used successfully in the investigation of septic conditions in the hip region of four children. In two patients, septic arthritis of the hip was confirmed; in two patients, intracapsular involvement was excluded in osteomyelitis of the hip region.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic progressive osteoblastic osteomyelitis: a new approach to treatment.

The clinical, histologic and radiographic picture in 16 cases in 15 patients with nonfistulating chronic progressive osteoblastic osteomyelitis of a long tubular bone which started in childhood is presented. All patients had severe pain at rest or weightbearing. Histology showed an increase of active osteoblasts. Low virulent bacteria were found in one-fourth of the patients. To reduce the osteoblastic activity, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory treatment was combined with surgical and antibiotic treatment. Eleven patients were pain-free at follow-up (average 47 months), 3 had reduced pain, and 1 patient did not respond to treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acute hematogenous pelvic osteomyelitis in athletes.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of humeral head cup arthroplasties. A preliminary report.

Computed tomography (CT) was employed to evaluate resurfacing metal cup arthroplasties, in shoulders affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Reconstruction of the information obtained, with the high frequency filter, resulted in an image of the cement and skeletal structures inside the cup. This new application of CT may prove valuable in assessing the complications and results of cup arthroplasties.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Trochanteric fractures. Classification and mechanical stability in McLaughlin, Ender and Richard osteosynthesis.

Four hundred and thirty trochanteric fractures operated upon with McLaughlin, Ender or Richard's osteosynthesis were divided into 6 different types based on their radiographic appearance before and immediately after reposition with special reference to the medial cortical support. A significant correlation was found between the fracture type and subsequent mechanical complications where types 1 and 2 gave less, and types 4 and 5 more complications. A comparison of the various osteosyntheses showed that Richard's had significantly fewer complications than either the Ender or McLaughlin types. For Richard's osteosynthesis alone no correlation to fracture type could be made because of the small number of complications in this group.

Bone Nails↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Femoral anteversion and restricted range of motion in total hip prostheses.

Impingement of the neck of the stem on to the rim of the socket may cause dislocation of the total hip prosthesis. The role of femoral anteversion in the occurrence of such impingement was analyzed in a clinical material of total hip prostheses with and without dislocation. A low femoral anteversion was linked to a clinically relevant reduction of the range of motion due to impingement and dominated in the group with dislocations. Impingement is minimized by inserting the femoral component in 10 degrees to 20 degrees of anteversion.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Range of motion caused by design of the total hip prosthesis.

In a clinical material of total hip prostheses, a study was performed of the range of femoral motion until impingement occurred between the neck of the femoral stem and the rim of the acetabular socket. The results were compared with the physiologic range of motion, and the clinically relevant motion restriction was measured. Restriction was most common in flexion. There was a correlation between the prosthetic design and the restriction due to impingement.

Aged↗