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Biomedical subjects

L Lindquist

Publications and source records attributed to L Lindquist.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Experimental bacterial meningitis in the rabbit: cerebrospinal fluid changes and its relation to leukocyte response.

This study was focused on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) manifestations in experimental Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli meningitis in rabbits. An increased (p less than 0.001) CSF lactate concentration was found in infected animals, mostly not accompanied by a decrease in CSF glucose concentrations. Despite a marked difference in CSF cellular response between the 2 etiological groups no significant difference in CSF lactate levels was found. Neither did CSF lactate levels correlate to CSF polymorphonuclear cell counts. CSF concentrations of albumin were with large variations above control levels in all infected animals. Also a small or moderate increase in CSF albumin levels was generally associated with a marked increase in CSF lactate concentration. The concentration of total amino acids in the CSF was above control values (mean + 2 SD) in 9/21 infected animals. Halothane/N2O anesthesia for 25 min increased (p less than 0.05) CSF levels of glucose, partly independent of alterations in plasma glucose concentrations, in both infected rabbits and in controls.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

Changes in chewing patterns of patients with complete dentures after placement of osseointegrated implants in the mandible.

Mandibular movements were recorded with the Selspot system in 16 complete denture patients, before and after treatment with mandibular OIFD. The general chewing pattern underwent only minor changes. However, some chewing cycle parameters showed obvious alterations. Increased mandibular velocity and displacement, especially in the opening phase, were registered. The cycle duration showed a tendency to decrease due to a significant shortening of the occlusion phase. This can be attributed to the stabilization of the occlusion provided by the fixed denture in the mandible.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Plasma fibronectin is initially decreased during septicemia.

Plasma fibronectin (PFN) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 24 normals and serially in 24 septic patients without underlying major trauma. All patients responded promptly to antibiotic therapy and none developed signs of shock or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). After an initial decrease in PFN registered in most of the septic patients, the levels were normalized within 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment. The mean nadir levels of PFN were decreased (p less than 0.001) both in patients with gram-negative and gram-positive etiologies compared to the control group. Furthermore, the mean PFN value of the gram-positive group was lower (p less than 0.05) than that of the gram-negative group. It is concluded that a transient depletion of PFN is a constant finding in septic patients with a favourable outcome and that a single low PFN level alone does not justify fibronectin replacement therapy nor does it indicate a poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with meningitis and encephalitis.

High CK BB isoenzyme activity has been demonstrated in the CSF of many patients with various neurologic disorders and is considered to reflect brain tissue damage [1, 2]. Increased CK BB activity in the CSF has been described in a patient with fatal pneumonococcal meningitis [3] and also in two patients with viral encephalitis [1]. Since routine laboratory tests are of limited value for assessing the prognosis of patients with CNS infections, the present investigation was undertaken to study the possibility of early detection of brain tissue damage in such patients by determining the CK BB activity in the CSF. The CK BB activity in the control subjects was less than or equal to 10 nkat/liter, which is in accordance with a previous study based on bioluminescence assay [2]. Six of the seven patients with neurologic complications in the present study had marked increases of the CK BB activity. In the patient with brain death due to HSV infection, serial measurements of the CK BB activity in the CSF have shown a maximal fourfold increase from the value of 45 nkat/liter found on admission. In one of the patients with purulent meningitis who developed a slight hydrocephalus, the CK BB activity was normal, but no focal brain damage was found by computed tomography in this case. The results indicate that increased CK BB activity in the CSF is related to the clinical outcome of patients with infections of the CNS. Thus, the determination of the CK BB activity seems to be useful for assessing the prognosis of patients with bacterial and viral meningitis and encephalitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Pepsin-treated human gamma globulin in bacterial infections. A randomized study in patients with septicaemia and pneumonia.

59 patients with suspected or verified septicaemia and 87 patients with suspected or verified bacterial pneumonia were treated with either antibiotics alone or antibiotics combined with a pepsin-treated human gamma globulin (Gamma-Venin). The gamma globulin was given intravenously in repeated doses of 0.15 g/kg body weight. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations were performed repeatedly in a strictly standardized fashion. Neither the septicaemia group nor the pneumonia group presented significant differences between treated patients and controls for any of the clinical and laboratory variables studied. Hospital stay, duration of fever and symptoms were also unaffected by the gamma globulin treatment. Subdivision of the material according to aetiology provided no additional information. In 9 patients adverse reactions were seen, e.g., shock in 2 individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evolution of cultured leukemic cell lines monitored by chromosomal and immunologic analysis.

We have investigated the karyotypes and markers of B lymphocyte differentiation in two leukemic cell lines, NALM-6-B and NALM-6-MI, both derived from a patient with non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Both possess characteristics of thymus-independent, bursal-equivalent (B) lymphocytes. By means of immuno-fluorescence techniques, NALM-6-B was shown to possess 47% surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive (Slg+) cells, while NALM-6-MI is surface membrane immunoglobulin-negative (Slg-), but does possess cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M (ClgM+) in more than 90% of the cells. The Slg- ClgM+ phenotype, coupled with morphologic features, is consistent with NALM-6-MI being arrested at a stage early in B-lymphocyte differentiation (a "pre-B" cell). The predominant banded chromosome karyotype of NALM-6-B is pseudodiploid with a translocation of chromosomal material from the long arm of a chromosome 5 to the short arm of a chromosome 12 (5q-/12p+) and a marker Y chromosome. NALM-6-MI possesses the same marker Y chromosome and a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5(5q-) since in most cells material missing from chromosome 5 does not appear on the short arm of chromosome 12. Within the limits of resolution available with the banding technique, no other karyotypic differences are observed in the two cell lines. The history of the two cell lines, the karyotypic analysis, and the pattern of immunoglobulin markers indicate the possible clonal evolution of NALM-6-MI from NALM-6-B and implicate a portion of the long arm of chromosome 5 in lymphoid differentiation of these leukemic cell lines.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Granulocytic function after administration of pepsin treated human gammaglobulin.

Pepsin-treated human gammaglobulin, 150 mg/kg body weight, was administered intravenously to 14 healthy volunteers. Before and after the infusion the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reduction of granulocytes was studied in all and the bactericidial capacity in 12 subjects. An increase of NBT reduction (p less than 0.05) and of bacterial capacity (p less than 0.01) of granulocytes was found after the infusion. The effects may be due to an opsonising action of F (ab')2 components.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The experimenter effect on results with oral form recognition tests and with tests measuring oral muscular ability.

In the introductory part of the present study considerable differences in registrations were found between three different experimenters when an oral form recognition test and an oral muscular-motor test was applied on ten subjects. In the following part recording differences between six other experimenters were evaluated. An intensive training programme was established and repeated twice with those six experimenters during a test period which twenty-eight subjects were tested with the same tests as mentioned above. The results show that in spite of the training programme, uniformity could not be obtained between experimenters. Registration deviations were (1) clearly found for the time results of identifying, (2) less distinctly for registration of subjective judgements of difficulty or for the times of putting together the halves of the test pieces in the test of muscular-motor ability and (3) not at all at the recording of test peice confusions at the oral form recognition test. It was found that the present forms of the training programme alone were not sufficient to gain uniformity between different experimenters but the suitability of prospective experimenters who are supposed to form a common group should be tested by an evaluation of test results found in a real test situation. Experimenters who are clearly deviating, should be replaced by other ones for the task who are more suitable inidividuals. The present study thus emphasizes the previously observed difficulties when clinical observations made by different persons are to be compared.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sputum concentration improves diagnosis of tuberculosis in a setting with a high prevalence of HIV.

Sputum microscopy for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), although relatively insensitive, is still the cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in the developing world. Its diagnostic value has been eroded owing to the increasing number of HIV-related smear-negative pulmonary TB cases. Concentration of sputum by centrifugation after liquefaction with sodium hypochlorite is a possible means of increasing the sensitivity of direct microscopy. This procedure has been studied recently in developing countries although with conflicting results. The aim of our study, performed in 1996 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was to evaluate the sensitivity of the concentration method in a large cohort of consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary TB. We show that the overall sensitivity increased from 54.2% using conventional direct microscopy to 63.1% after concentration (P < 0x0015). In HIV-positive patients, sensitivity increased from 38.5% before to 50.0% after concentration (P < 0x0034). The significant increase in yield of AFB in HIV-positive patients suggests that this method has a place in routine diagnosis of pulmonary TB in countries with a high prevalence of HIV.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case report. Failure of metronidazole in amebic liver abscess.

A 51-year-old man was treated with open surgical drainage and metronidazole for an amebic liver abscess. During therapy and while the original abscess was resolving, a second, noncontiguous amebic liver abscess developed. This second abscess eventually responded to emetine, chloroquine, and diodohydroxyquin therapy without surgical drainage. This unique case serves to document that new abscess may develop in the course of metronidazole therapy and illustrates the value of serial hepatoscanning in such patients.

Chloroquine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Work complexity assessment: notes from the field.

New tools and techniques for responding to staffing and skill-mix demands pose their own difficult challenges for nurse administrators. The authors use the data from one graduate student's project to emphasize the utility of the Work Complexity Assessment. It tells the story of the authors' own experience in piloting the process in a community hospital setting. Finally, they offer some specific recommendations to others who would pursue the use of the Work Complexity Assessment process.

Clinical Competence↗