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Biomedical subjects

L N Kolonel

Publications and source records attributed to L N Kolonel.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Vitamin A and prostate cancer in elderly men: enhancement of risk.

Vitamin A intake was assessed from dietary histories on 452 men with prostate cancer and 899 population controls in Hawaii during the period 1977-1983. In the group of men less than 70 years of age, there were no significant associations of this nutrient with risk for prostate cancer. In the men greater than or equal to 70 years, however, risk increased directly with the amount of vitamin A consumed (relative risk of 2.0 for the highest relative to the lowest intake quartile, and a significant linear trend, P less than 0.01). The findings were similar for the various components of vitamin A but were somewhat stronger for total carotenes than for total retinol. These results were generally consistent across the five ethnic groups and were not affected by statistical adjustment for dietary fat. Possible mechanisms for this risk enhancement by vitamin A in elderly men are proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Time trends in characteristics at diagnosis and subsequent survival for Caucasian, Japanese and Hawaiian women with breast cancer in Hawaii.

This study examines whether the improvement in breast cancer survival in Hawaii suggested by an earlier analysis might be explained by concomitant temporal variations in prognostic factors. Characteristics at diagnosis and survival experience were compared for 1251 Caucasian, 1015 Japanese and 505 Hawaiian women diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma during 1960-1979 and followed until the end of 1982. Time-trends were present for the patients' stage at diagnosis, age and socioeconomic status. A multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards regression model revealed that adjustment for temporal variations in stage and age at diagnosis yielded a positive survival trend of a greater magnitude than that observed without adjustment, indicating that multivariate methods should be considered in time-trend analyses of cancer survival. Further analysis revealed that such improvement in breast cancer survival occurred for certain race-stage groups of patients only. Possible reasons for these trends in breast cancer prognostic factors and survival are discussed, along with potential biases. The data suggest that early detection might explain most of the survival improvement in Hawaii during the period of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

An epidemiologic study on the association between diet and breast cancer.

A case-control study of breast cancer was conducted in Hawaii with Japanese and Caucasian women between ages 45 and 74. Each case was matched to one hospital and one neighborhood control. In all, 183 sets of Japanese and 161 sets of Caucasian subjects were interviewed. No statistically significant differences were found between cases and controls in their mean intake of total fat, saturated fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid, animal protein, and cholesterol. Although there was a suggestion that cases consumed more saturated fat and oleic acid than neighborhood controls, the differences were not impressive. Consistent with other case-control studies, the present investigation did not provide strong support for the hypothesis that a high-fat diet is a risk factor for breast cancer. Further work is suggested to clarify the role of diet in determining breast cancer risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The association of replacement estrogens with breast cancer.

This epidemiologic case-control study examined the relationship between replacement estrogen use and breast cancer risk in 2 population groups in Hawaii. No significant associations were observed when 161 Caucasian cases were compared with either their neighborhood controls (RR = 0.9; 95% Cl = 0.5-1.3) or their hospital controls (RR = 0.7; 95% Cl = 0.4 to 1.1) and when 183 Japanese cases were compared with either their neighborhood controls (RR = 1.1; 95% Cl = 0.7-1.6) or their hospital controls (RR = 1.0; 95% Cl = 0.6-1.4). The results indicate that the use of replacement estrogens cannot account for the large difference in breast cancer incidence between the 2 Hawaiian ethnic groups. However, further data analysis involving neighborhood controls was suggestive of a possible increase in breast cancer risk with estrogen use for certain sub-groups of women who are at high risk for the disease. These included estrogen users with a family history of breast cancer or a history of benign breast disease. These findings are in agreement with other studies which have used non-hospitalized controls. Because the numbers of cases in this study are not substantial, it is recommended that a large population-based case-control study be undertaken to clarify the relationship between breast cancer risk and replacement estrogen use, especially in sub-groups of women at high risk for the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Studies of nutrients and their relationship to cancer in the multiethnic population of Hawaii.

Because of the many ethnic cultures in Hawaii, there is great dietary variation in the population, even within individual ethnic groups. Epidemiologic studies in this setting are providing useful information on the role of macro- and micronutrients in the risk for certain cancers. The results of several recent and ongoing case-control studies are described, especially with regard to the influence of dietary fat, vitamin A, and vitamin C. The degree of consistency of the findings with other reports in the literature is discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Anthropometric indicators of breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women in Hawaii.

As part of a case-control study of breast cancer in Hawaii, self-reported data on height, weight at various ages, breast size, shoe size, and triceps skinfold thickness were collected from 138 Japanese postmenopausal cases, 134 Caucasian postmenopausal cases, 154 Japanese neighborhood controls, and 142 Caucasian neighborhood controls. In a multiple covariance analysis, cases of both ethnic groups were slightly heavier (at all ages) and more obese (based on a weight-corrected-for-height index) than were controls, although none of the differences was statistically significant. Among the Japanese only, cases were also taller, had a greater body surface area (computed from the height and weight data), and had a larger shoe size than did the controls. The latter finding was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Odds ratios were computed by multiple logistic regression analysis and revealed no additional relationships; however, there were suggested dose-response gradients for height, weight at age 20, and body surface area in the Japanese women and for breast size in the Caucasian women. A further analysis of risks based on changes in relative body weight between young adult life (age 20) and current age was also negative. Overall, these findings offer only weak support for an association between weight or obesity and breast cancer risk and suggest that anthropometric indices are at best very indirect indicators of true etiologic factors for breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cholesterol intake as measured by unquantified and quantified food frequency interviews: implications for epidemiological research.

A number of dietary assessment methods have been developed for epidemiological investigations. The general tendency has been to strive for methods that are sufficiently simple to implement in a fairly large sample of respondents and yet are able to measure dietary intakes with an acceptable degree of reliability. Concomitantly, methodological studies are needed to determine whether the various methods can be used interchangeably. This study compares the unquantified and quantified food frequency interview methods for measuring cholesterol intake on 4638 subjects from a multi-ethnic population in Hawaii. The methods were only modestly related, with product-moment correlation of 0.36 for men and 0.30 for women. The unquantified frequency method tended to yield a higher cholesterol value than did the quantified frequency method among lower level consumers, whereas the opposite was true for higher level consumers. These findings suggest that unquantified frequency methods cannot be used interchangeably with corresponding quantified frequency methods in studies of association between dietary cholesterol and disease occurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Breast cancer survival among Hawaii Japanese and Caucasian women. Ten-year rates and survival by place of birth.

Unlike past breast cancer survival comparisons between Japan and the United States, a recent study in Hawaii showed that Japanese women did not retain their survival advantage over Caucasian women after adjustment was made for stage at diagnosis. To test whether this finding in Hawaii was due to the limited duration of the follow-up (five years) or to the effects of migration, the survival experience of 1,357 Caucasian and 1,029 Japanese women with invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed in Hawaii between 1960 and 1979 was examined over a 10-year period as well as by place of birth. Multivariate adjustment by the proportional hazards regression model confirmed that the survival advantage of Japanese women in Hawaii is fully explained by their earlier stage of disease at diagnosis and suggested that, after recognition, the disease progresses at a similar pace in the two races. The survival comparison by place of birth revealed that second generation Hawaii Japanese women had better breast cancer survival rates than Japanese migrants from Japan, even after adjusting for stage, and that for Caucasian women, nativity was not associated with survival. These findings suggest that westernization, genetic constitution, or early life exposures cannot explain the overall or stage-adjusted breast cancer survival patterns observed among Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Relationship of dietary vitamin A and ascorbic acid intake to the risk for cancers of the lung, bladder, and prostate in Hawaii.

This report presents preliminary findings from 3 case-control studies in Hawaii in which we are examining the relationship of dietary vitamin A and ascorbic acid intake to the risk for cancers of the lung, bladder, and prostate. All 3 studies involved home interviews of cancer patients and neighborhood controls and use of quantitative dietary history method. In the lung cancer study, we found an inverse dose-response effect for total vitamin A intake in males only, with an odds ratio of 1.8 (P less than .05) for the lowest intake quartile relative to the highest; we found no association for ascorbic acid. In the bladder cancer study, we found lower (but not statistically significant) mean intakes of both vitamins in patients compared with controls, with the effect stronger for ascorbic acid. In the prostate cancer study, no effect was detected for total vitamin A or ascorbic acid in men less than 70 years old, but a direct association of vitamin A only with a dose-response gradient was found for men 70 years or older (odds ratio = 1.87; P less than .05, for the highest relative to the lowest intake quartile). Our findings at present indicate that vitamin A has a protective effect against lung and bladder cancers but not against prostate cancer and that ascorbic acid has a protective effect against bladder cancer as well. In our later analyses, we will examine the possibility that the effects of vitamin A vary with histologic type and that this may account for the lack of an association with lung cancer in women.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Breast cancer in Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii.

This case-control study included 183 Japanese and 161 Caucasian patients with breast cancer and equal numbers of matched hospital and neighborhood controls. The following factors were found to be associated with increased breast cancer risk in both groups of women: family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, early age at menarche, late age at first childbirth, and late menopause. We noted a weak suggestion that the patients ate more saturated fats and oleic acid and took replacement estrogens for a longer period than did the neighborhood, but not hospital, controls. However, none of these differences was statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Lung cancer in women living in the Pacific Basin area.

We compared recent incidence rates for lung cancer in females among several regions in the Pacific Basin, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Miyagi, Hawaii, and Los Angeles, by ethnic group using data from the population-based registry in each area. The rates were high among whites and Hawaiians, intermediate in Chinese, and low in Japanese regardless of area. The risk of lung cancer among females who smoke relative to that in female nonsmokers varied from 1 ethnic group to another as did the proportion of smokers in the populations studied. Most of the interethnic differences in lung cancer incidence rates could be explained by differences in smoking patterns. The estimated annual incidence rate for lung cancer in females after subtraction of the proportion of the incidence due to smoking was 7.5/100,000 population in every ethnic group except the Chinese (15-20/100,000 population). Most of the residual incidences of lung cancer were adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Cancer incidence in the islands of the Pacific.

The South Pacific Commission Cancer Registry has been operational since 1977, and reasonably complete cancer incidence rates are available for New Caledonia, Fiji, Micronesia, the Cook Islands, and Niue. In addition, less complete reporting is available from American Samoa, Papua New Guinea, and French Polynesia. Cancers of the lung, oral cavity, esophagus, liver, and cervix are potentially preventable but prevalent in many Pacific island countries. Unusually low rates of many cancers were observed in Fiji, the most notable being lung and colon-rectum. Thyroid cancer rates are elevated in some but not all female populations. These and other variations in cancer by site are important areas for further research.

Demography↗
PubMed1985

Cancer incidence among Filipinos in Hawaii and the Philippines.

Cancer incidence rates were compared for Filipinos in Hawaii (1978-81) and Manila (1977). Data for Hawaii were from the statewide Hawaii Tumor Registry; those for Manila were from the Central Tumor Registry of the Philippines. In addition, time trends (4-yr intervals) for cancer among Filipinos in Hawaii were examined for the period 1962-81 and compared with corresponding patterns among Caucasians. For most cancer sites, the rates among Filipinos in Hawaii showed expected increases or decreases from the Manila rates. Notable findings included a dramatic increase in thyroid cancer rates among Filipino women in Hawaii (highest of all ethnic groups), a surprising lack of increase in female breast cancer rates in Hawaii, and a lower than expected increase in colon cancer rates in Hawaii. The time trend analyses showed remarkably similar patterns in Filipinos and Caucasians in Hawaii and no suggestion that differences between the 2 populations are decreasing over time. These observations indicate that useful clues to cancer etiology can be found by further study of the Filipino experience in Hawaii.

Alcohol Drinking↗