PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L N Kolonel

Publications and source records attributed to L N Kolonel.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Application of a job-exposure matrix to a case-control study of lung cancer.

Interview information was obtained on primary and secondary occupations for 261 male lung cancer patients and 444 controls residing on the island of Oahu, HI. With the use of a computerized job-exposure matrix (JEM), exposure levels were assigned to each subject for each of 5 known and 2 likely lung carcinogens. A multiple logistic regression model was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) for exposure to each carcinogen, adjusted for age, ethnicity, and pack-years of smoking. On the basis of the criterion of either a dose-response effect or a statistically significant OR (P less than .05) or both, 5 of the 7 carcinogens (4 of the 5 known carcinogens) were found to be associated with lung cancer risk. However, on the basis of the single criterion of a significant OR, only 3 of the 7 carcinogens (2 of the 5 known carcinogens) were associated with lung cancer risk. Due to its relative insensitivity, this JEM may have limited usefulness in the identification of exposure-disease relationships and should not be applied uncritically.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Multiethnic studies of diet, nutrition, and cancer in Hawaii.

Epidemiologic studies of diet and cancer have been facilitated in Hawaii by the multiethnic composition of its population and the consequent heterogeneity in dietary intakes. Studies of migrant populations, particularly the Japanese, have firmly supported the conclusions that environmental factors are of predominant etiologic significance for most major sites of cancer, and that these factors may exert their influences at particular periods of life. Recent observations on Filipino migrants reproduce most of the findings in the Japanese, although they do not show the same abrupt increase in colon cancer rates to the high levels found in Caucasians. Data on dietary intakes in these populations support several of the prevailing hypotheses regarding the etiology of certain gastrointestinal and hormone-dependent cancers. Several case-control studies of diet and cancer have been completed or are ongoing in Hawaii. Some of these have included comparable studies in Japan, but the findings in Hawaii have generally not been reproduced in Japan. Weak associations with dietary fat have been found in Hawaii for breast cancer (particularly in Japanese women) and for prostate cancer (particularly in men greater than or equal to 70 years of age). Vitamin A (especially carotene) has been shown to be inversely associated with lung cancer risk in men, but positively associated with prostate cancer risk in older men. Vitamin C may be inversely related to bladder cancer risk, but has shown no relationship to lung or prostate cancer risk. These and other findings are discussed in terms of future needs for epidemiologic research in this field.

Diet↗
PubMed1985

Cancer occurrence in shipyard workers exposed to asbestos in Hawaii.

Because large numbers of persons were employed in United States shipyards during World War II, the long-term risks for cancer associated with asbestos exposure in this setting are of great concern. We report here on the mortality findings after up to 29 years of follow-up on a retrospective cohort of 7971 male Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard workers, which included more than 3000 men whose employment period spanned the World War II years. Compared with the general population of Hawaii, workers in the shipyard cohort had no increase in total mortality or in total cancer mortality irrespective of the duration of their exposure. However, the risk ratio for lung cancer among workers with at least 15 years of asbestos exposure was 1.4 overall (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.0) and 1.7 for those with a latency interval of 30 or more years (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.5). In addition, seven mesotheliomas occurred between 1977 and 1982 in a subset of the cohort, consisting of 7029 Hawaii residents who are being followed prospectively for cancer incidence. This represented an incidence of 67.3 per million men per year, compared with a rate of 5.8 for the state as a whole. These results suggest that the long-term relative increase in risk for mesothelioma may be even greater than that for bronchogenic carcinoma in this and other cohorts of United States shipyard workers exposed to asbestos.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dietary vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C and risk of lung cancer in Hawaii.

The authors conducted a case-control study among the multiethnic population of Hawaii to test the hypotheses that lung cancer risk is inversely associated with dietary intake of total vitamin A, carotene, and vitamin C. Detailed dietary interviews were completed between September 1979 and October 1982 for 364 primary lung cancer patients and 627 general population controls matched on age and sex. After adjusting for a number of potentially confounding variables, including ethnicity, smoking history, and occupation, evidence was found that total vitamin A intake (food sources plus supplements), vitamin A intake from food sources only, and carotene intake were each inversely associated with lung cancer risk in males, but not in females. Among males, a monotonic dose-response relationship was found only for total vitamin A intake. However, a comparison of the lowest and highest quartiles of intake gave similar results for each of the three measures of nutrient intake: total vitamin A (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 1.1-3.1), vitamin A from foods (OR = 2.0; 95% CL = 1.2-3.5), and carotene (OR = 2.2; 95% CL = 1.3-3.7). Similar analyses revealed no significant association between dietary vitamin C intake and lung cancer risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

A comparison of frequency and quantitative dietary methods for epidemiologic studies of diet and disease.

Agreement between frequency and quantitative dietary methods was assessed for the ability of frequency intake data to substitute for quantitative intake data in diet-disease investigations. Frequency and quantitative intakes of 342 male subjects participating in an ongoing case-control study in Hawaii during 1981-1982 were obtained using a recall interview method designed to assess usual dietary habits. The extent of agreement between frequency and quantitative intakes of various dietary components (44 food items, 20 food groups, 8 nutrients) was determined at the group and individual subject levels, and with regard to specific study objectives. The results showed that for studies based on aggregate data, frequency and quantitative dietary methods will give reasonably comparable results in analyses involving food items. However, for similar studies involving food groups and nutrients, and for all studies based on individual data, frequency dietary methods cannot be relied on to yield the same diet-disease associations as would corresponding quantitative methods.

Diet↗
PubMed1984

Breast cancer in two populations with different levels of risk for the disease.

Caucasian women in Hawaii have a higher risk for breast cancer than women of Japanese ancestry. In order to determine to what extent known risk factors account for the difference in risk between the two groups, a case-control study was done from 1975 to 1980. A total of 183 Japanese and 161 Caucasian breast cancer cases were interviewed along with their respective controls. The findings suggested that a positive history of benign breast disease, a family history of breast cancer, late menopause, late age at first childbirth and early age at menarche did not fully account for the difference in breast cancer risk between Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii. Attention needs to be focused on other factors that are under environmental influence.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Are body mass indices interchangeable in measuring obesity-disease associations?

We examined data on body weight and height from 55 male and 26 female lung cancer cases and up to 10 sex-ethnicity-age matched controls per case from a large prospective cohort. All four body mass indices (W/H, W/H2, W/Hp) were highly intercorrelated. Conditional logistic regression, using each index as the exposure variable, yielded odds ratios for lung cancer with magnitude and dose-response gradient that were somewhat different among the four indices. These results suggest that the body mass indices are not necessarily interchangeable in measuring obesity-disease associations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Relationship of ethnicity and other prognostic factors to breast cancer survival patterns in Hawaii.

The survival experience of 2,956 invasive breast carcinoma cases identified among the 5 major ethnic groups in Hawaii between 1960 and 1979 was studied. The study population consisted of 1,174 Caucasian, 972 Japanese, 458 Hawaiian, 226 Chinese, and 126 Filipino women. A multivariate analysis based on the proportional hazards regression model revealed that after simultaneous adjustment for stage of disease, age, and socioeconomic status (SES), Filipino and Hawaiian patients had significantly poorer survival than Japanese and Caucasian patients. Hawaiian women also had a significantly poorer survival than Chinese women. Survival was higher in patients between the ages of 45 and 54 years compared to those younger or older, in patients with localized tumors compared to those with more advanced tumors, and in patients with middle or high SES compared to those with the low SES. Histology and marital status were not associated with survival. The possibility that other factors such as obesity, estrogen receptor status, treatment, and nutritional and hormonal status could explain the remaining observed racial differences in breast cancer survival is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dietary history methods for epidemiologic studies: application in a case-control study of vitamin A and lung cancer.

A dietary history method for use in a case-control study of vitamin A and lung cancer is described. The method was designed to obtain estimates of the usual frequencies and quantities of 84 major food sources of vitamin A and carotene consumed prior to symptoms of disease in cases and during the same time period in matched controls. Amounts were estimated from photographs of each item that showed three different quantities. The development of the questionnaire is described in detail, as well as the data collection and analysis. The results of the study showed that relative to those men with the highest intakes, the men who consumed less vitamin A or carotene had a higher risk for lung cancer in a general dose-response fashion. These findings were not apparent for females. Recommendations regarding dietary methodology for future studies concerning vitamin A and carotene intakes include further research on the validation and reproducibility of the dietary methods, identification of appropriate biological markers that reflect past exposures of vitamin A and carotene, and further research on the vitamin A and carotene content of available food items.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1983

Dietary cholesterol and lung cancer risk in a multiethnic population in Hawaii.

We interviewed 364 subjects with lung cancer and 627 age- and sex-matched controls among the multiethnic population of Hawaii. Quantitative estimates of dietary cholesterol and vitamin A intakes were obtained, as well as smoking and occupational histories. Using multiple logistic regression analysis to control for potential confounding variables, we found a monotonic positive dose-response relationship between dietary cholesterol and lung cancer risk in all subjects, in smoking subjects, and in men. In each of these groups, subjects in the highest quartile of dietary cholesterol were at significantly increased risk of lung cancer (lower 95% confidence limit greater than 1.0). Among females, however, no clear association of dietary cholesterol with lung cancer risk was apparent.

Cholesterol, Dietary↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of cancer survival by time period of diagnosis in Hawaii, 1960-1974.

The authors compared the risk of dying from site-specific cancer within five years after diagnosis for Hawaii residents diagnosed in 1960-1964, 1965-1969, and 1970-1974. Twelve cancer sites were analyzed with adjustments for age at diagnosis and ethnicity by a multivariate method. Four of these sites were adjusted for sex as well. The adjusted relative risk for site-specific cancer death was significantly greater than 1.0 (P less than 0.05) when patients diagnosed in 1960-1969 were compared with those diagnosed in 1970-1974 for the following sites: stomach, rectum (males), lung, prostate, leukemia, and lymphoma. The adjusted relative risk was greater than 1.0, but not significantly greater, for the remaining cancer sites: colon, rectum (females), liver, pancreas, breast, corpus uteri, and ovary. These results indicate that, for several cancer sites, the risk of cancer death has significantly declined in Hawaii during 1960-1974. However, specific reasons for this improvement in cancer prognosis were not determinable from the available data.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Dietary cholesterol and lung cancer risk among men in Hawaii.

Preliminary analysis of dietary data collected from 188 male subjects with lung cancer and 294 controls, in an ongoing population-based case-control study in Hawaii, indicate that dietary cholesterol is positively and significantly associated with lung cancer risk after statistically adjusting for age, ethnicity, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and occupational exposure to lung carcinogens. The increased lung cancer risk associated with high dietary cholesterol appears to be consistent in all five major ethnic groups in Hawaii.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Reproducibility of a diet history questionnaire in a case-control study of breast cancer.

The reproducibility of a diet history questionnaire was assessed as part of a case-control breast cancer study in Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii. The method was designed to estimate the intakes of total and saturated fat, cholesterol, and animal protein during a usual week before symptoms or diagnosis of disease in cases, and during a usual recent week in controls. Except for the time period of reference, the dietary technique was identical for all cases and controls. A subsample of 61 Japanese women (19 cases and 42 controls) and 56 Caucasian women (23 cases and 33 controls) participated in the dietary reinterview conducted within 3 months of the first interview. The mean difference in intake between the two interviews was small and not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05) for all four nutrient items among Japanese cases and controls and Caucasian cases, whereas the mean difference for all four nutrients was substantial and statistically significant (p less than 0.05) among the Caucasian controls. The intraclass correlation and the product-moment correlation were moderately high for all four nutrient items among Japanese cases and controls and Caucasian cases, but not among Caucasian controls. These findings indicate that the diet history method is reasonably reproducible in three of the four groups of studied subjects. Possible reasons for the poor reproducibility among Caucasian controls are discussed.

Asian↗
PubMed1983

Role of diet in cancer incidence in Hawaii.

Incidence rates for many sites of cancer show wide variations among the main ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, and Hawaiians). Major shifts in cancer rates among migrants to the islands suggest that environmental factors are at least in part responsible for these variations. One prominent area of difference among these ethnic populations is their diets, which can vary substantially, not only in the consumption of particular food items but also in mean nutrient intakes. In aggregate correlational analyses based on data from representative samples of these ethnic groups and corresponding population-based cancer incidence rates, we found significant associations between ethnic-sex-specific intakes of dietary fat (including total fat, as well as animal, saturated, and unsaturated fats) and breast, endometrial, and prostate cancers. Animal protein intake showed associations similar to those for dietary fat, but these two nutrients were highly correlated in the data. Cholesterol intake showed significant correlations with lung and laryngeal cancers. Analyses of both nutrient and food item data suggested an association of stomach cancer incidence with the consumption of fish products, particularly dried/salted fish, and with a lower intake of vitamin C. Preliminary findings from ongoing case-control studies showed the following relationships: an inverse association between lung cancer risk and the intake of food sources of vitamin A, especially foods containing carotenes; an inverse association between cancers of the lower urinary tract and vitamin A consumption, especially from supplements; a positive association between prostate cancer risk and dietary fat intake in men above age 69, but not in younger men; and a positive association between breast cancer risk and the intake of dietary fat (particularly saturated fat) and animal protein in postmenopausal women, especially the Japanese. Two large cohorts (50,000 and 5,000 subjects) on whom dietary information was collected between 1975 and 1980 are being followed prospectively for their occurrence of cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Cutaneous malignant melanoma in Hawaii--an update.

In an examination of the descriptive epidemiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Hawaii for the period of 1960 through 1980, we identified 589 cases of invasive disease. On analysis, we found that the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma increased substantially among all age groups, both sexes and all anatomic sites in whites during the study period. In contrast, little change in incidence was found for nonwhites. Our findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that solar ultraviolet radiation is a causal factor for the occurrence of this condition among whites.

Adolescent↗