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Biomedical subjects

L N Kolonel

Publications and source records attributed to L N Kolonel.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Racial and socioeconomic status differences in survival of colorectal cancer patients in Hawaii.

The study reported here examines the survival experience up to 84 months of patients from the five major racial groups in Hawaii diagnosed with colorectal cancer during the years between 1960 and 1974 based on data in the Hawaii Tumor Registry. Previous research in Hawaii showed that racial differences in survival existed even after adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, stage of the disease at diagnosis, and normal life expectancy. In this paper, socioeconomic status differences between racial groups are hypothesized as a possible explanation for these survival differences. The results show that socioeconomic status did account for some survival differences between racial groups beyond what could be explained by the other variables. After adjusting for all the covariates, the only statistically significant racial differences which remained were higher survival rates for the Japanese patients compared with the rates for the Hawaiian and Filipino patients. Socioeconomic status was not found, however, to have a statistically significant effect on survival independent of race or the other variables examined. Reasons for the modest effects of socioeconomic status in this study are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Stage-specific breast-cancer incidence rates by age among Japanese and Caucasian women in Hawaii, 1960-1979.

We have analysed the age- and stage-specific breast-cancer incidence rates of Japanese and Caucasian women in Hawaii for a 20-year period. A comparison of the 1192 Japanese and 1531 Caucasian patients by stage at diagnosis showed that Japanese women were likely to have breast cancer diagnosed at an earlier stage than Caucasian women, but this difference was statistically significant only after the menopause (ages 55+). We further found that for age 50-74, the age-specific ratios of Caucasian to Japanese incidence rates were least for in situ breast cancer, and successively greater for localized, regional and distant breast cancer. We interpreted this latter finding to be an indication that postmenopausal breast cancers in Japanese women have slower average growth rates than in Caucasian women. Such slower growth rates may explain the better breast-cancer survival among Japanese women after allowing for differences in stage, tumour size, histology, or treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Tuberculosis and lung cancer risk in nonsmoking women.

We ascertained prior pulmonary tuberculosis infection in 211 non-Caucasian female lung cancer patients and 419 sex, race, ape, smoking history and birthplace-matched control subjects by searching the Hawaii State Tuberculosis Branch patient records. Among never-smokers we found a significant increase in risk associated with prior tuberculous infection (odds ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence limits = 1.3 to 54.4). No such association was found among smokers. Prior tuberculous infection was identified in only 5.5% of never-smoking lung cancer patients, however, suggesting that this factor is a relatively unimportant contributor to the etiologic aspects of lung cancer in persons who have never smoked.

China↗
PubMed1982

Smoking history and lung cancer survival in women.

The 12-month survival of 223 women with primary lung cancer was examined according to their smoking status given in the hospital record. A multivariate regression model was used to adjust simultaneously for age, tumor stage at diagnosis, tumor histology, and treatment. With adjustment for all these covariates, the 136 ever-smokers demonstrated a significantly greater probability of dying during the 12 months after diagnosis than the 87 never-smokers (odds ratio = 1.74; P = 0.023).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Proposal for a collaborative epidemiology study of prostate cancer in the Pacific Basin.

Incidence rates of invasive prostate cancer vary markedly among countries of the Pacific Basin, and migrant studies have shown that this is at least partly due to environmental factors. Future epidemiology studies in these countries should be conducted so that this variability in incidence can be explained. Prevalence ratios of latent prostate carcinomas of the infiltrative type vary with incidence rates of invasive carcinomas, and a collaborative case-control study of infiltrative and noninfiltrative latent carcinomas in the Pacific Basin, combined with a standardized pathological review of specimens obtained at autopsy, could provide new etiological clues. Factors that should be investigated include fertility and sexual practices; exposure to zinc, cadmium, and mercury compounds; prior benign prostatic hypertrophy; diet; conditions that may alter endogenous levels of androgens and estrogens; and family history of diseases of the prostate. Events during the fourth decade of life may be of particular importance. Case-control studies of invasive prostate cancer in high- and low-risk populations are currently being conducted, and additional ones are not warranted until results from these are available. Investigators should use these results in planning the proposed study of latent prostate carcinoma.

Alaska↗
PubMed1982

Epidemiology of testicular cancer in the Pacific Basin.

Although a rare tumor, testicular cancer shows substantial international variation in incidence. In whites, the peak incidence occurs at 25-30 years of age, with a second increase in old age. Blacks have much lower rates than do whites. The rate of increase in the incidence and mortality of this cancer has been consistent but low during the past 40 years. Risk factors identified in epidemiology studies of testicular cancer include cryptorchidism (best documented), inguinal hernia, testicular injury, wearing of tight-fitting underclothing, obesity, maternal use of exogenous estrogens during pregnancy, higher social class, and professional occupations. Epidemiological evidence provides two etiologic hypotheses: a relative hormone imbalance, particularly an excess of estrogen, and a failure of normal thermal regulation of the testis. In the Pacific Basin region, notable variation in incidence rates is also seen. High-risk populations include whites, Polynesians (in Hawaii and New Zealand), and Native Alaskans. Low-risk groups include Filipinos (in Hawaii and Manila), Japanese (in Hawaii and Japan), Indians, and Malays. Most of this variation occurs in the younger ages (0-54 yr). Several areas for potentially fruitful research on this cancer in the Pacific region are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cancer in Polynesians.

Cancer patterns in the Polynesian population of Hawaii and New Zealand were compared with their European counterparts and with the Polynesian population of Samoa. In general, the cancer patterns of the Polynesians are similar; rates are higher for stomach, breast, lung, prostate, and liver cancers and lower for colon and rectal cancers. Cigarette smoking may explain most, if not all, of the lung cancer excess in Polynesians. However, no clear dietary differences between Polynesians and Europeans are evident that could explain the high risk of the former population to stomach cancer and of the Europeans to colon and rectal cancers.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Differences in lung cancer risk from smoking among Japanese, Chinese and Hawaiian women in Hawaii.

The age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates among Japanese, Chinese and Hawaiian women in Hawaii do not correlate to their respective cigarette smoking exposures. We conducted a case-control study to determine the lung cancer risk associated with smoking among these three ethnic groups of women by reviewing the medical records of 176 Japanese, 67 Chinese and 132 Hawaiian lung cancer patients diagnosed from 1968 to 1978. Smoking histories, as well as socioeconomic indexes, for these cases were compared to those of 2,404 sex- and race-matched controls from the general population. Controlling for age and socioeconomic index, we found that lung cancer risk associated with smoking was greatest for Hawaiian (O.R.=10.5), less for Japanese (O.R.=4.9) and least for Chinese women (O.R.=1.8). While smoking was associated with a significant increase in lung cancer risk for all histologies among Japanese and Hawaiian woman, the risk was much greater for epidermoid and small-cell types than for adenocarcinoma. Among Chinese women, epidermoid and small-cell lung cancer were the only histologies showing a significant association with smoking. There was some suggestion that increased lung cancer risk was associated with a higher socioeconomic index after controlling for age and smoking, at least among Japanese born in Japan and Hawaiians with adenocarcinoma. The population risk for lung cancer attributable to smoking was found to be 79% for Hawaiian women, but only 44% for Japanese and merely 11% for Chinese women. Thus, we concluded that the majority of lung cancer occurring in Japanese and particularly Chinese women in Hawaii is due to factors other than cigarette smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Trends in the anatomical distribution of colorectal carcinoma in Hawaii, 1960-1978.

The incidence of colorectal adenocarcinoma increased in the five major ethnic groups in Hawaii, but more in men than women. The highest rates were in the Chinese and Japanese. The site-specific time trend patterns revealed that the greatest increase occurred in rectosigmoid cancer, followed by cancer of the sigmoid colon and the transverse descending colon. Rectal cancer had minimal changes in rates over time. The comparison of site-specific rates between the Japanese in Hawaii and Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, showed that the occurrence of cancer of the rectosigmoid, sigmoid, and transverse descending colon was far greater in Hawaii than Miyagi with minimal differences in the rates of rectal cancer. The findings from this study indicate that the separate anatomical locations of colorectal cancer probably have some distinct etiologies that need further investigation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Nutrient intakes in relation to cancer incidence in Hawaii.

A representative sample of 4657 adults greater than or equal to 45 years of age from the 5 main ethnic groups in Hawaii (Caucasians, Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos and Hawaiians) were interviewed during 1977-1979 regarding their diets. Quantitative food-consumption histories were obtained, from which average daily intakes of fat (saturated, unsaturated, cholesterol, meat, dairy, fish, animal, vegetable and total), protein (animal, meat, fish, dairy and total), carbohydrate, and vitamins A and C (including supplements) were calculated using food-consumption data from standard sources. Multiple regression analysis, with sex as a controlled variable, was used to assess the statistical relationship between these ethnic-sex-specific intakes and corresponding population-based cancer incidence rates of 15 selected sites for which nutrient components are suspected to be either causal or protective. Based on pre-set criteria for establishing important relationships, significant positive associations were found for 6 of the cancer sites: breast cancer with fat (saturated, unsaturated, animal, total) and protein (animal), corpus-uteri cancer with the same components as breast cancer, prostate cancer with fat (saturated, animal) and protein (animal, total), stomach cancer with fat (fish only) and protein (fish only), lung cancer with cholesterol, and laryngeal cancer with cholesterol. Breast and corpus-uteri cancers also showed significant negative associations with carbohydrate intake. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Husband-wife correspondence in smoking, drinking, and dietary habits.

In order to determine the extent of correspondence between husbands and wives in their personal habits, a sample of 281 spouse pairs was interviewed regarding their smoking, drinking, and dietary habits. Both aggregate and within-pair agreements were examined. There was good correspondence between husbands and wives for a majority of the food items, the exceptions being foods that are more likely to be eaten away from home. While the agreement on wine consumption was also good, there was little correspondence between husbands and wives in their patterns of beer consumption and cigarette smoking. These findings indicate that the diets of husbands and wives are generally similar and that the circumspect use of spouses as surrogates for dietary information in epidemiological studies can be appropriate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Association of diet and place of birth with stomach cancer incidence in Hawaii Japanese and Caucasians.

Stomach cancer incidence rates were compared among four groups: Japanese in Japan, Japanese in Hawaii, Caucasians in Hawaii, and all American whites. The highest rates at all ages occurred in the Japan Japanese, followed next by the Hawaii Japanese. Hawaii Caucasians tended to have similar age-specific rates to American whites in general. When the Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii were divided by place of birth, the Japanese migrants to Hawaii had higher age-adjusted incidence rates than the Japanese born in Hawaii, while the Caucasian migrants to Hawaii (chiefly from the United States mainland) had lower rates than the Caucasians born in Hawaii. Examination of dietary data in relation to the place-of-birth-specific incidence rates showed positive association of stomach cancer with consumption of rice, pickled vegetables, and dried/salted fish, and a negative association with vitamin C intake. The results are consistent with the particular hypothesis that stomach cancer is caused by endogenous nitrosamine formation from dietary precursors, and that vitamin C may protect against the disease.

Aged↗