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Biomedical subjects

L N Samoĭlova

Publications and source records attributed to L N Samoĭlova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Antibiotic prophylaxis, antibiotic therapy and microbiological situation in surgical unit].

The clinical and economic efficacies of antibiotic prophylaxis in the surgical unit of the Hospital were confirmed by the results of the analysis of 1313 case records of the patients operated during a year for acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis. At the same time it was shown advisable to use antibiotic therapy in the patients with various pathological processes. The dynamics of the microbial dissemination in the surgical unit and some other units of the Hospital, as well as the dynamics of antibiotic resistance of the microflora, its interrelation with the volume of the antibacterials used and their rotation are described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Netilmicin in the complex therapy of pneumonia in newborns].

Clinical efficacy of netilmicin was evaluated at 22 newborns (body weight from 1000 to 3600 g, delivery on pregnancy period from 28 to 41 weeks) with pneumonia caused by artificial pulmonary ventilation. Pneumonia was moderate at 13 patients and severe at 9 patients. Microorganisms isolated from tracheobronchial aspirates were mainly (in 19 cases of 22) susceptible to netilmicin. The usage of netilmicin in combination with cephalosporins was effective at the main part of the newborns and resulted with the full recovery of 11 newborns (all the patients with moderate pneumonia), in 9 cases improvement was registered (including 7 newborns with severe pneumonia). Newborns with severe pneumonia had a slow pathogens elimination.

Gentamicins↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of antibiotics on the body of those working in their manufacture].

541 workers with long-term history of occupational contact with antibiotics and chemicals were examined by a dermatologist, ENT specialist, neuropathologist, surgeon, ophthalmologist. Many workers complained of occasional skin eruption, rhinitis, skin itching, sneezing, cough, Quincke's edema. Allergic examination revealed the presence of allergic symptoms (allergic dermatitis, itch, vasomotor rhinitis, chronic eczema, obstructive bronchitis, bronchial asthma, Quincke's edema, acute and chronic conjunctivitis) in 98 examinees. Somatic affections are represented by hypertension, chronic hepatitis, ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Kinetics of the antibacterial effect of ampicillin and sulbactam combinations in dynamic and static conditions].

Kinetics of antimicrobial effect (AME) of ampicillin/sulbactam combinations (ratios of 4:1 to 1:2) on ampicillin resistant bacterial strains producing beta-lactamases of types II, III, IV and V according to Richmond classification was studied with using the computerized system MS-2 (turbidimetric recording) and an in vitro dynamic model (microcalorimetric recording). The concentrations of the drugs in system MS-2 (static conditions) corresponded to the maximum ones observed in serum of humans after bolus intravenous administration of ampicillin in a dose of 0.5 g and sulbactam in doses of 0.125 to 0.5 g. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs observed in the human serum after their oral and intravenous administration and in the tissue-chamber fluid after intravenous administration of ampicillin (0.5 g) and sulbactam (0.125 g) were simulated in the dynamic model. The combination efficacy was estimated with using the parameter of AME duration (TE) reflecting shifts in the curves of the microbial regrowth in the presence of the drugs against the curve of the control growth (in the absence of the drugs) and the parameter of the AME intensity (IE) evaluated by the area between the curves. It was noted that increasing of the ampicillin/sulbactam ratio from 1:4 to 1:1 was accompanied by an increase in the AME. Further increasing of the sulbactam content in the combination did not result in higher AME. For combined ampicillin/sulbactam dosage forms the ratios of 1:1 to 2:1 should be recommended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Drug allergy].

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Desensitization, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

[Combined chemotherapy of experimental infection in neutropenia].

A significant decrease in resistance to infections caused by gramnegative pathogens was observed in mice with neutropenia induced by cytostatics. Efficacy of schemes for combined chemotherapy with beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and a novel peptide antibiotic was studied on model infections in mice with neutropenia. In the neutropenic mice with sepsis caused by Pseudomonas the peptide antibiotic administered parenterally in a single dose of 50 micrograms/kg provided high therapeutic activity. In combination with azlocillin, cefotaxime and amikacin the peptide antibiotic has a synergistic therapeutic action.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis of drug allergy under industrial conditions].

A regular medical examination of 234 workers at a chemical pharmaceutical factory was performed. Skin rash, rhinitis and bronchospasm were detected in 7.3% of the examinees. A microthermal method was applied to 69 workers engaged in antibiotic production. In 26% the results were conditionally positive, in 7.6%--sharply positive. Preclinical diagnosis of drug allergy under occupational conditions made it possible to consider properly the problems of effective employment of the workers preserving their working capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of aminoglycosides by means of microcalorimetry].

Possible use of microcalorimetry for comparative investigation of antibiotics is exemplified by estimation of the kinetics of the antibacterial effect of netilmicin, sisomycin and gentamycin sulfate on moderately sensitive strains of E. coli and P. aeruginosa. It is suggested that the area under the curve of the kinetics of the rate of heat release by the bacterial cultures in the presence of antibiotics be used as a parameter characterizing the integral antibacterial effect. The parameter was used for demonstrating the differences in the antibacterial action of netilmicin, sisomycin and gentamycin sulfate on the strains tested with application of various inoculum sizes and antibiotic concentrations.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1985

[Characteristics of the composition of the causative agents of different forms of suppurative inflammatory diseases and their antibiotic sensitivity].

Antibiotic sensitivity of 466 clinical strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms isolated from patients with different forms of pyoinflammatory diseases was studied. Most of the staphylococcal isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin (74.3 per cent). The number of the isolates resistant to erythromycin amounted to 59.6 per cent. The respective figures for methicillin and dicloxacillin were 17.9 and 10.8 per cent. Staphylococci resistant to new aminoglycosides, fusidin and rifampicin were rare. It was shown that. P. aeruginosa preserved its sensitivity to the majority of the antipseudomonas antibiotics. Among Enterobacteriaceae the highest levels of antibiotic resistance were observed in Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia and Klebsiella. Significant variation in the isolation frequency of different microbial species and in the proportion of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in the hospital departments was observed. It was noted that gram-negative causative agents predominated in the departments of chest and abdominal surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care and urology.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental study of the antibacterial activity and chemotherapeutic effectiveness of amikacin sulfate].

In vitro antibacterial activity of amikacin against 250 strains of various microorganisms was studied. It was shown that the antibiotic had a broad antibacterial spectrum and was active against gentamicin and sisomicin resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. By the antibacterial spectrum amikacin was close to kanamycin. Still it differed from kanamycin by activity against P. aeruginosa. By the specific activity gentamicin and sisomicin were superior to amikacin. However, since amikacin was active against gentamicin resistant strains of various microorganisms it was considered advisable to use it as a reserve antibiotic in treatment of infections caused by such strains. High in vivo efficacy of amikacin was shown in experimental sepsis of albino mice due to staphylococci and gramnegative bacteria sensitive to the aminoglycosides and P. aeruginosa strains resistant to gentamicin and sisomicin.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1984

[Lesions of the nervous system in drug-induced illnesses].

The nervous system was involved in 7.9% (55 patients) of all cases of drug disease observed by the authors. A variety of syndromes occurred reflecting both functional and organic disorders of the nervous system with an underlying toxico-allergic genesis. The cellular immunological tests made it possible to establish that the most frequent causes of drug disease were tetracycline, streptomycin, penicillin, as well as sulfadimesine and vitamin B1.

Adult↗