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Biomedical subjects

L Raymond

Publications and source records attributed to L Raymond.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Dietary lipids and serum lipids in adolescents, based on the Geneva study of the precursors of atherosclerosis].

The relationship between serum lipids and nutrition, physical activity and body mass index were studies with a multifactorial analysis of variance in a group of 160 adolescents of both sexes (Table I). These relationships are complex and difficult to demonstrate; they give rise, however, to certain considerations of presumptive characteristics possibly linked with adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[A case control study for the evaluation of the cytological detection of cancer of the cervix].

A case control study was carried out in Geneva to verify the efficacy of early detection of cancers of the cervix uteri by cytology and to estimate the degree of protection. The study included the 186 incident cases of invasive cancer occurring in the time period 1970-76 and also fulfilling the condition of having lived at least 10 years in Geneva. Each case is matched to one control according to age, nationality (Swiss/foreigners), civil state (unmarried/other). The control had also to be resident for ten years. The analyse was based on the number of negative smears during the observation period; this period commenced 10 years before the date of incidence but not earlier than 1.1.64. The observation period ended when there was a positive smear or when there was an interval of less than 6 months between two negative smears. Each observation period is the same for both case and control. The protection conferred is significant and is estimated to be 3.2 (1.8-5.9) for women having had at least one negative smear. On the other hand, the degree of protection tends to diminish in direct proportion to the number of negative smears. This paradoxical result may be attributed to a selection effect of symptomatic cases among women undergoing repeated cytological examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Blood pressure values in 8-9- and 14-15-year-old schoolchildren of Italian and Swiss origin: the Geneva survey.

In a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of the precursors of cardiovascular risk factors, 8-9- and 14-15-year-old boys and girls of Italian and Swiss origin were studied. Each of the 8 groups comprised about 100 participants chosen at random. In total 387 Italian and 410 Swiss participants of comparable socio-economic origin, and residing in Geneva, were studied under standardized conditions. The anthropometric measurements, the determinations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the lipoprotein lipids of both ethnic groups are presented and discussed in detail. The blood pressure values show only slight differences between the two ethnic groups, especially in the higher percentiles; significant differences exist, however, between the various anthropometric characteristics, some lipoprotein lipid measurements and sexual maturity. The blood pressure values are clearly correlated with body mass index, sexual maturity, anthropomorphic measurements, and heart rate. The results of the Geneva survey compare well with the reported results of other international studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lipid, lipoprotein and APO-A and APO-B lipoprotein distribution in Italian and Swiss schoolchildren. The Geneva survey.

Cholesterol and triglyceride lipid, lipoprotein as well as apolipoprotein A and B levels, are presented for Italian and Swiss schoolchildren of similar socio-economic origin, living in Geneva, and ranging in age from 8-9 and 14-15 years. This cross-sectional study revealed some differences associated with the ethnic origin of the participants. Furthermore subtle changes were related to age, associated with puberty and were sex-specific. Apolipoprotein A and B levels were found to be significantly related to age and less significantly to sex, whereas apolipoprotein A levels decrease with puberty, apolipoprotein B levels increase slightly. Of the 387 Italian and the 416 Swiss participants, 173 Italian and 193 Swiss children had a complete lipoprotein examination including apolipoprotein determination, whereas serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were studied in the total group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Mortality and survival in a geriatric hospital: methods of measuring and results].

The hospital case fatality rate (deaths divided by discharges) has no meaning for geriatric hospitals in so far as they serve the double function of a general hospital for the aged and a home for those with a very bad prognosis. In fact, for the second group, mortality depends on the time that has elapsed since administration. The question arises of what type of measurement should therefore be proposed for such establishments. The use of the classical demographic rate and case fatality rate according to length of stay is discussed. The two measures are in this case considered to be inadequate since the second gives a false impression of mortality. The only tool which serves to convey a meaningful idea of mortality in this specific situation is a table of discharges expressed in the form of a life table. It is very easy to calculate. The discussion uses data drawn from the Geneva Geriatric Hospital.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Excess mortality in out-patients psychiatry: first results of a Geneva study].

The project intends to prove an excess of mortality among the out-patients of the official psychiatric center of Geneva. The study is of the follow-up retrospective type. The primary results confirm the hypothesis. They show an increased relative risk of death by suicide and other non natural causes, for both sexes, as well as by natural causes (especially respiratory diseases) but only among women.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Ethical aspects of intervention studies (author's transl)].

Since the Second World War international ethical codes have been developed which aim to protect the individual in relation to medical experimentation. It is in these codes, rather than in the provisions of different national codes, that the principles applicable to epidemiological intervention studies should be sought. Having recalled the main characteristics of such studies, and particularly those which distinguish them from clinical trials, the authors consider two specific aspects of the issue: the balance between risks and benefits, and informed consent. Concerning the risk/benefit relationship, it appears important to distinguish between primary prevention (the subjects involved are healthy but at risk), secondary prevention (the subjects involved have the disease in question but are asymptomatic) and tertiary prevention (the subjects involved are ill). The principles of informed consent in intervention studies may be drawn from those governing clinical trials, particularly where the intervention can be applied to individuals. When it cannot be individualized (for example, fluoridation of drinking water) the alternative suggested by some authors is that individual consent may be replaced by community consent or that of its representatives. Some implications of the observation of these two types of principles are considered.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗