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Biomedical subjects

L Sobotka

Publications and source records attributed to L Sobotka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Changes in plasma lipids, lipoproteins and utilization of energy substrates during continuous enteral nutrition with 50% medium chain triacylglycerols (Preciten MCT 50)].

Enteral nutrition (EN) containing part of the energy substrates in the form of triacylglycerols with medium chain fatty acids (MCT) has a number of advantages in particular in patients with an impaired utilization of energy and impaired nutrient absorption from the small intestine. The increased MCT supply reduces the risk of the development of shock lung, consumption coagulopathy and has a very favourable effect in patients with severe catabolism associated with Crohn's disease. On the other hand EN containing MCT may produce also some undesirable effects such as deterioration of glucose utilization in the liver, changes, on the composition of plasma lipids and lipoproteins and an undesirable thermogenic effect. Investigations of the effect of EN containing 50% of fat in the form of MCT (Preciten MCT 50R, Sandoz Nutrition-Wander) indicate that even an energy supply corresponding to 1.7 X REE in the form of EN with 50% MCT does not lead to a statistically significant rise of REE, does not produce a marked thermogenic effect and the value of the respiratory quotient (RQ) does not increase significantly. Already after 8 days of EN significant changes occur in the spectrum of lipids and lipoproteins characterized by a decline of high density lipoproteins HDL3 (p less than 0.05). The parallel decline of low density lipoproteins LDL and VLDL, however, is the reason why adverse changes of the atherogenic index do not occur.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1990

[Excretion of phenol and p-cresol in the urine in fasting obese individuals and in persons treated with total enteral nutrition].

In the literature it is maintained that phenol and p-cresol are produced in humans in the gut by bacteria from dietary protein. Both substances are absorbed from the small intestine and excreted in the urine. If the urinary output of phenol and p-cresol depends really on the dietary protein intake it should decline to zero values during fasting and correlate with the protein supply into the gut. The objective of the present work was therefore to investigate the urinary phenol and p-cresol excretion in fasting obese subjects (21 fasting subjects, 7 subjects with modified fasts--Nutramine R-350) and in subjects treated by complete enteral nutrition by a nasojejunal tube (8 patients with Crohn's disease, 8 with another disease of the gastrointestinal tract). Phenol and p-cresol in 24-hour urine specimens were assessed by gas chromatography in all four groups always on the 1st, 7th and 14th day. In fasting obese subjects the phenol and p-cresol values did not decline (the difference of values from the assumed zero value is significant z = 0.000055). There was no difference between patients with a complete and modified fast. The phenol and p-cresol values did not correlate mutually, nor with the protein intake, nitrogen balance and cumulated nitrogen balance. There are great individual differences in the urinary phenol and p-cresol excretion and it does not depend on the oral dietary protein intake, as hitherto assumed. It has most probably more complex causes and the decisive factor seems to be the metabolic activity of the intestinal bacterial microflora.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Urinary excretion of phenol in Crohn disease during total parenteral nutrition].

Urinary phenol is a product of dietary tyrosine metabolism generated in the gut by bacteria. In our previous study we found in 42 patients with Crohn's disease a significantly higher level of urinary phenol in terminal ileitis and ileal resection when compared with Crohn's segmental colitis. Urinary phenol is believed to be extensively influenced by diet. For this purpose our present paper investigated urinary phenol in Crohn's disease before and after two weeks of total parenteral nutrition. Spectrophotometric analysis of urinary phenol was carried out in 10 patients (7 males, 3 females). They ranged from 24 to 40 (average 34.9) years of age. The patients received on an average 1.45 g of amino acids/kg/day (no tyrosine; 0.022 g of L-phenyl-alanine/kg/day), 25-30 kcal/kg/day (105-125 kJ/kg/day) in non-protein sources of energy, and fat-emulsions (80 g/day) twice a week. There was a significant decrease in the urinary phenol after two weeks of total parenteral nutrition (median 79.5, interquartile range 41.5 to 288.5 mumols/24 hours vs. median 37.5, interquartile range 0-93.5 mumols/24 hours), p = 0.032 using the paired t-test. In two patients with severe involvement of the gut, urinary phenol, though decreased, remained at higher levels (above 300 mumols/24 hours). A significant decrease of the urinary phenol can be explained in particular by exclusion of dietary proteins, although clinical and nutritional improvement was observed, too. However, persisting higher levels of urinary phenol in some patients with serious involvement of the gut may reflect the severity of Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of parenteral administration of carnitine on liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized rats.

Male Wistar rats were subjected to 65-70% hepatectomy and either immediately or 18 h after surgery were given a 6-hour infusion containing 3 ml of either Ringer solution or aqua pro injectione alone or with L-carnitine in doses 8 mg (12.4 mumol), 40 mg (62 mumol) and 200 mg (310.2 mumol)/kg b.w. The rats were killed 6, 18, 24 and 30 h after surgery. The changes in the DNA specific activity and in the mitotic activity demonstrate that L-carnitine has a stimulating, dose-dependent effect on liver regeneration. This effect acts both during early post-hepatectomy, the prereplicative period and in the subsequent replicative period.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Enteral nutrition in clinical practice. Pathophysiologic basis of the effective use of enteral nutrition].

Enteral nutrition by means of a thin tube is a significant enrichment of methods of nutritional support of patients in a catabolic state and those suffering from malnutrition. For the rational use of this method it is important to have reliable knowledge of physiological and pathophysiological processes in the course of digestion and absorption of nutrients, metabolism of energy substrates and to know the technique of enteral nutrition. The submitted brief review provides basic information on the problem.

Dietary Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1980

Effect of realimentation after several days' pure carbohydrate intake on DNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver.

The authors studied the effect of realimentation after several days' isolated glucose or fructose intake on DNA synthesis in liver regenerating after partial hepatectomy (PH) (65-70%) or after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) poisoning 1.5 ml/kg. Two days before PH or the administration of CCl4 and two days after, the experimental rats were given glucose (50% solution) of fructose (50% solution) as the only source of energy. Rats with PH were then fed for one day on a standard laboratory diet (25 cal% protein) or a high protein diet (81 cal% protein). Rats with CCl4 liver damage were fed for one day on the standard laboratory diet only. In the rats given glucose, liver DNA synthesis and the total amount of these nucleic acids in the liver 48 hours after CCl4 administration was lower than in the controls or the rats given fructose. In all the experimental groups (PH and CCl4), stimulation of liver DNA synthesis was observed after one day's realimentation. The total DNA content of the liver of rats with PH rose markedly during realimentation. The experiments indicate that the regenerative activity of damaged liver can be influenced by the nutritional regimen.

Animals↗