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Biomedical subjects

L Weingärtner

Publications and source records attributed to L Weingärtner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Mezlocillin in neonatal medicine].

The acylureido penicillin mezlocillin was tested clinically and pharmacologically in neonates and young infants who received the antibiotic for prophylactic and therapeutic reasons. On the basis of blood level determinations following the administration of various dosages, we consider a dose of 200 mg/kg per day necessary for premature babies and 300-400 mg/kg per day for full-term babies. Pharmacokinetic data showed age-dependent features. The clinical results were good in 40 children treated with mezlocillin. Twenty of these children received a combination of mezlocillin and gentamicin. No child died of an infection. Therapy was not successful in three babies suffering from productive bronchopulmonary infections. Important side-effects were not observed.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

[Pharmakokinetic and clinical studies with azlocillin in paediatrics (author's transl)].

Azlocillin, an acylureido penicillin with bactericidal activity, is particularly effective against Pseudomonas, enterococci and Haemophilus influenzae. It is also very active against E. coli, various Proteus species and Bacteroides. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in 138 children of various ages (prematures, newborns, infants, schoolchildren) after administering 50-75-100 mg/kg/ body weight azlocillin via the i.v. or i.m. routes; The constant of elimination and the distribution volumes were calculated besides the serum levels. In prematures and newborns, therapeutically effective serum levels were obtained on administering 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight twice daily. Infants and older children required 100 or 75 mg/kg body weight t.i.d. Determination of azlocillin in the bronchial secretion after i.v. doses of 75 mg/kg body weight showed good elimination. Azlocillin was always identified up to the 5th hour post injectionem. Inspite of parenteral administration, azlocillin was identified in different concentrations in the meconium as well. 39 children were treated with azlocillin, 35 of whom had Pseudomonas infection. Very good results were obtained in infections of the urinary tract, wound infections, conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis and in one case of meningitis. Bronchopulmonary diseases did not take an equally good course, but in these cases the conditions had not been favourable. No serious side effects were revealed by testing several laboratory parameters.

Azlocillin↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin in neonates.

The pharmacokinetics of the acylureido-penicillin, azlocillin, were studied after intravenous or intramuscular injections in 53 premature and full-term infants with infections. Effective concentrations wer" achieved in premature babies after doses of 50 mg/kg every 12 h and in full-term infants with 100 mg/kg every 12 h. No untoward effects of azlocillin were observed. On the basis of these studies, a dosage schedule for azlocillin has been established.

Azlocillin↗
PubMed1980

Amoxicillin in paediatrics, with special reference to its excretion into bronchial secretion.

Pharmacokinetic examinations with amoxicillin in neonates and prematures are reported. Good values of up to 5 mcg/ml after 24 hours were achieved with two doses of 50 mg/kg amoxicillin daily. Amoxicillin was also found in the meconium, although quantities varied greatly. Amoxicillin is recommended for the treatment of disorders of the respiratory tract because of its good absorption, tissue penetration and tolerance. Examinations to assess the excretion of amoxicillin into the bronchial secretion were therefore carried out in 88 children in different age groups. Two artificial respiration bronchoscopies were carried out with an interval of 7 days, and the bronchial secretion collected and tested for organisms and for amoxicillin concentrations. After the first bronchoscopy, patients were given amoxicillin for 7 days, in doses of 125 to 750 mg t.i.d., corresponding to 40-100 mg/kg body weight. Some very high amoxicillin values were found, especially in those groups from whom the secretion was taken 2, 3, or 4 hours after the last amoxicillin treatment. The values were widely scattered. We recommended 50-100 mg/kg for broncho-pulmonary diseases.

Absorption↗
PubMed1979

[D-penicillamine in various diseases in childhood (author's transl)].

D-pencillamine, a stable not physiological amino acid, has a manifold mode of action. Of special importance there is its influence on the collagen-metabolism, the gelose of heavy metals and the effect on immunologic processes. The use of D-penicillamine is possible in different diseases, such as Wilson's syndrome, collagenoses of diverse kinds, especially the rheumatoid arthritis, further chronic hepatitis and lung fibrosis. In this paper we report about 52 children, who were treated with D-penicillamine. The biggest group presented chronic liver diseases in 24 patients and rheumaoid arthritis in 21 patients. The therapy was carried out for a longer time, in some cases over years. The dose varied from 15 to 35 mg/kg of body weight. The number of side-effects was lower in children than in adults. They were more frequent in the group of collagenoses than in the group of liver diseases. Whether later on liver damages will occur is not predictable by the pediatrician. The results were excellent for the chronic active hepatitis; we can recommend D-penicillamine for such affections. Also for the rheumatoid arthritis we could partially obtain good successes, but not as convincing as in liver-diseases.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1979

[Experience with sisomicin in pediatrics (author's transl)].

Sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is especially effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. It has a bactericidal action. Although sisomicin is similar to the other aminoglycoside antibiotics, there is not complete cross-resistance to them. Our own pharmacokinetic investigations showed that a dose of 2--3 mg/kg body weight of sisomicin twice daily is necessary in the neonatal period. Infants should be given 2.5 mg/kg body weight three times daily, and school children 1.5--20 mg/kg body weight, likewise three times daily. Excretion of sisomicin in the urine is lower in children than in adults, amounting within 24 hours to only 10--20% in newborns, and 30--40% in school-children. Sisomicin induces excretion of some enzymes in higher quantities from the tubular part of the kidneys, especially alaninaminopeptidase. A report is given on 58 patients, especially newborns and prematures, who were treated for about seven days with sisomicin. The results obtained with a wide variety of infections (such as omphalitis, aspiration of amniotic fluid with broncho-pneumonia, phlegmons of the galea, and also pyelonephritis and mucoviscidosis with pulmonary complications) can be described as good, with a success rate of 85%. On only seven occasions were insignificant transitory side-effects, such as slight increase in transaminases, toxic-allergic exanthema and pain in the region in injection, observed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[On the epidemiology of recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases -- an examination of about 18,000 children. 6th report: summary of the investigation in the four districts (author's transl)].

In 3 districts of the county of Halle and in the cities of Halle and Halle-Neustadt about 18,000 children of different groups of age were examined wether they were suffering from recurrent or chronic nonspecific lung diseases (CNSLD). Among the 18,000 children we found 4.3% with lung diseases. The morbidity rate was the lowest in the city of Halle and in the district of Quedlinburg, while in Bitterfeld, the district with the highest air pollution, about two times more children had fallen ill. In all districts the prevalence of CNSLD in young children was much higher than in elder ones. In the district with the highest air pollution with increasing age of the children the rate of prevalence lowered more slowly than in the other districts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Pediatric pharmacology of azlocilin (author's transl)].

Pharmacokinetic investigations of acylureido-penicillins azlocillin in newborns, infants and school shildren showed age dependend results. The differences were especially evident in a prolongation of the serum half-life to 2,56 hours in newborns compared to 0.94 hours in school children. On the basis of our pharmacokinetic results and of the dosages resulting from the data the antibiotic was used clinically in twenty eight patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and one patient with a Proteus mirabilis infection. The results were much better in infections of the urinary tract than in infections of the respiratory tract. This might be due to an observe bacterial presistence in spite of highly effective levels of azlocillin in bronchial secretion. The tolerance to the antibiotic was good.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[On the excretion of azlocillin with bronchial secretion in children (author's transl)].

This pharmacokinetic study involved school children who were treated with 6-[(R)-2-(2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido)-2-phenyl-acetamido]-penicillanic acid sodium walt (azlocillin, Securopen) at doses of 50 mg/kg bodyweight or 75 mg/kg body weight i.v. Kinetics of the first order were found for the concentrations measured at the same time, being proportionate to the administered dose, while there was no dose dependence for the relative distribution volume. The elimination half-life was about 55 min. In 25 children of different age who had to undergo bronchoscopy for diagnositic and therapeutic reasons, the azlocillin concentrations in the bronchial secretions were measured 1 h and 4 h after the administration of 75 mg/kg quantity of bronchial secretion was obtained, azlocillin concentrations of 30 - 240 microgram/g were found. Measurements of azlocillin concentration in the bronchial secretion and in the serum, which were made at the same time, did not show any correlation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacokinetic investigations on sisomicin in children (author's transl)].

Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside effective against gramnegative germs. The sensitiveness of coli, proteus, pseudomonas and klebsiella ranges from 0,1 to 0,4 mcg/ml. Germs with inhibition-values of up to 1 mcg/ml are certainly Sisomicin-sensitive. The side-effects of Sisomicin resemble those of other aminoglycosides, as for instance lesions of the VIIth cranial nerve and the kidney. Since aminoglycosides have a relatively small therapeutic range between toxicity and effective minimal-concentration, investigations are important especially in children. 66 children of different age groups received Sisomicin in doses of 3 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, and examined pharmacokineticly. Serum-levels were measured after 30 min 1, 2, and 4h, in some cases also after 6 and 8 h. In a separate group we determined the values after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 min. The urinary output was controlled and the content of Sisomicin in meconium determined. Based on these results we recommend an individual, Sisomicin dosage for each age group. Clinically the Sisomicin proved to be well tolerated and effective antibioticum.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of chronic infantile hepatitis with D-penicillamine (author's transl)].

Detailed discussion of action, indication and side effects of D-Penicillamine which was used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis of infancy. Of 18 patients, 7 had chronic-active hepatitis, 6 chronic persisting hepatitis, 2 subacute hepatitis and 3 fibrosis of the liver. Control of results was based on numerous clinical chemical investigations and repeated liver biopsies. The transaminases and histology of the biopsies were the essential parameters. Doses between 15 and 35 mg/kg of body weight gave very favorable results in these 18 patients, treated over 5 to 24 months. Australia antigen-negative, chronic active hepatitis appeared to be particularly suited for this type of treatment.

Adolescent↗