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Biomedical subjects

L Wilhelmsson

Publications and source records attributed to L Wilhelmsson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The effects of oral estriol on the endometrium in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES: To study the long-term effects of oral estriol tablets on the endometrium of postmenopausal women by TVS and histology. METHOD: This was a cross sectional, parallel-group, multicenter trial of 241 postmenopausal women, out of whom 125 were treated with oral estriol and 116 were untreated controls. Endometrial histology using Pipelle biopsies and/or dilatation and curettage (D&C) was taken, endometrial thickness was assessed by use of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), and the relation between endometrial thickness and histology was calculated. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between the two groups were found in endometrial histology. There were found more polyps in the oral estriol group (14.0%) as compared with the control group (2.9%). The mean endometrial thickness in the oral estriol group was 3.0 mm compared with a mean value of 2.4 mm in the control group: P=0.01. CONCLUSIONS: No clinically relevant difference was found between the endometrium status (assessed by histology and TVS) of postmenopausal women on long-term oral estriol therapy and untreated controls. This trial supports the endometrial safety of maintenance treatment with oral estriol tablets. However, there are signs, not statistically significant, that may be associated with more endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women than if therapy is not given and that TVS is a useful instrument for the diagnosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Congenital absence of vagina and uterus.

Agenesia of the Müllerian system is a congenital syndrome seldom seen in siblings. This report concerns two sisters with the syndrome. In one of them, the vagina was successfully reconstructed, and the other is awaiting the same operation.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Interaction between prostaglandin E2 and noradrenalin on collagen synthesis in human cervical tissue during pregnancy.

The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and noradrenalin (NA) on the incorporation of [3H]proline in cervical tissue of pregnant women were investigated. NA inhibited the incorporation in early as well as in term pregnancy. PGE2 counteracted the NA-effect in the former group of patients but did not affect the influence of NA at term. The results demonstrate an interaction between PGE2 and NA and point to a hitherto unknown effect of NA in the regulation of cervical connective tissue metabolism.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1985

Piroxicam in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

In double-blind, crossover studies, piroxicam was compared with naproxen sodium and with placebo. The different parameters studied were pain intensity, patient's opinion of the drugs tested, complementary pharmacological treatment, ability to work, overall effect, treatment preference, and side effects. It was concluded that piroxicam was comparable to naproxen sodium and that piroxicam was significantly better than placebo, as regards these parameters. It was also concluded that piroxicam has an effect equivalent to that of naproxen sodium, an accepted treatment for dysmenorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Experimental studies on the influence of prostaglandins on the connective tissue of the human cervix uteri.

The influence of prostaglandins (PGs) on the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans in the human cervix was estimated by incubation in vitro of cervical biopsy samples in the presence of tritiated amino acids and glucosamine after addition of PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. In the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle PGs increased the labelling with [3H] glucosamine but reduced the labelling with [3H] hydroxyproline, [3H] proline and [3H] glycine. Conditions were reversed in the luteal phase. The stable metabolite of PGI2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, had an effect similar to that of the classical PGs. In the early period of the first trimester the pattern of PG effects was the same as in the luteal phase, i.e. the labelling with [3H] proline was increased and the incorporation of [3H] glucosamine was reduced after treatment with PG. At the end of the first trimester, PG affected the radiolabelling in an inverse way. It is concluded that PGs are involved in the control of the biosynthetic activity of the cervical connective tissue. PGs may play a role of modulators, reinforcing or accelerating the current biosynthetic activity, and directed mainly by hormonal, neuronal and other factors.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1983

Interaction between PGs and catecholamines on cervical collagen synthesis.

Specimens from the upper part of the cervix were excised and chopped into 1 mm thick slices. These were incubated in buffer containing [3H] proline fortified with PGE2 and/or NA and the incorporation into total protein was measured after various incubation periods. In certain experiments the slices were preincubated with reserpine to deplete the tissue stores of catecholamines. Both PGE2 and NA were able to influence the incorporation of [3H] proline in such a way that the stimulatory effect of PGE2 was counteracted by reserpine in the luteal phase of the cycle, while NA-stimulated incorporation of [3H] proline was inhibited by PGE2 in the late follicular phase. Both clinical and experimental studies have shown that PGs per se interfere with the biophysical and biochemical properties of the cervix. The present results indicate that there also exists an interaction between PGs and catecholamines.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1983

A rare case of IUD expulsion through the fallopian tube.

This case report describes the expulsion of an IUD (Gravigard) through the Fallopian tube. Such a phenomenon has been suggested earlier but never reported. It is concluded that the shape of the IUD is of importance for such a route of expulsion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

PGI2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of dysmenorrhea.

Small longitudinally or helically cut strips from the ascending branch of the uterine artery were mounted in organ chambers for isometric recording of contractile activity. PGI2(3-300 ng/ml) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of spontaneously active preparations, whereas no inhibitory effect could be observed on non-active strips. Furthermore, the compound counteracted the stimulatory effects of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and NA, but not that of transmural nerve stimulation. The effect of PGI2 could be of interest in that the compound may balance the action of vasoconstricting agents. A disturbance of this balance may be a hitherto unrecognized contributing pathophysiological mechanism in the development of dysmenorrhea.

Arteries↗
PubMed1983

Prostaglandins and oviductal function.

This review presents evidence of a specific involvement of PGs in the function of the human Fallopian tube. A role of PGE and PGF in ovum transport seems plausible, but data from human studies are still fragmentary. High estrogen levels in tissue at ovulation may cause 'tubal lock' by increasing the activity of the isthmic musculature. This effect might be exerted by an estrogen-dependent increase in the formation of PGF as well as by increased sensitivity to PGF. The elevation of progesterone levels in the early luteal phase would counteract the effect of estrogens by instead favoring E prostaglandins. PGE seems to relax the isthmic muscle, allowing the entry of the fertilized ovum into the uterine cavity.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1982

Collagen synthesis inhibition by PGE2 within the human follicular wall--one possible mechanism underlying ovulation.

Follicular wall specimens were taken from various parts of human preovulatory follicles as well as from less developed follicles. The tunica albuginea was isolated and incubated for 2 h in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 3H-proline in the presence or absence of PGE2 (0.1 microgram/ml). Following incubation the incorporated radioactivity was determined and related to the protein content of each strip. PGE2 had a specific effect on the incorporation of 3H-proline into protein in the follicular wall. In the apical part of the preovulatory follicle a significantly decreased incorporation was registered, indicating a reduced net synthesis of collagen. However, PGE2 was without effect on specimens derived from the non-apical parts of the preovulatory follicles as well as from the less developed follicles. It is suggested that the registered biochemical changes induced by PGE2 are of importance for the process of human ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Oxytocin, prostaglandins, and contractility of the human uterus at term pregnancy.

The contractile properties of myometrial "mini-strips" from the upper and lower uterine segments were studied by a superfusion technique. These samples of myometrium were taken from women delivered by elective cesarean section in the 39th week of pregnancy. The frequency of spontaneous contractions was significantly higher in isthmic myometrial specimens than in corpus specimens, whereas amplitude and duration of contractions did not differ. Both isthmic and corpus myometrium were stimulated by prostaglandin E2 at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations. PGF2 alpha induced an excitory response in the isthmic strips but surprisingly not in preparations from the corpus. However, PGF2 alpha restored normal spontaneous activity following inhibition of the contractility with indomethacin. Oxytocin caused an excitory response over a wide concentration range in both types of specimen and this response was not reduced by pretreatment with indomethacin. These findings suggest that endogenous prostaglandin synthesis is a necessary prerequisite for spontaneous myometrial activity at term pregnancy and that prostaglandins are not essential for the excitatory effect of oxytocin.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of prostaglandins on the isolated uterine artery of nonpregnant women.

Specimens from the ascending branch of the human uterine artery were obtained from 35 nonpregnant fertile women undergoing hysterectomy. The specimens were cut either longitudinally or helically and mounted in organ chambers for isometric recording of the contractile activity. Spontaneous phasic activity occurred in 30% of the specimens. Both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha caused an increase in basal tonus of the strips while PGI2 relaxed spontaneously active as well as PG- and norepinephrine (NE2)-stimulated preparations. PGI2 had no effect on nonactive specimens, NE and transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) induced contractile activity that could be blocked by phenoxybenzamine. PGI2 counteracted the NE-induced response but not that of TNS. It is concluded that PGI2, which is synthesized both within the vessel wall and the myometrium, has a potent relaxing effect on uterine arteries and that the compound may balance the effect of vasocontricting substances.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The regulatory influence of prostaglandins on protein synthesis in the human non pregnant cervix.

Cervical connective tissue was obtained from non pregnant fertile women undergoing hysterectomy. Tissue specimens were mechanically chopped into 1 mm thick slices which were preincubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing PGE2 or PGF2 alpha (300 ng/ml). After 60 min the slices were transferred into fresh buffer with the corresponding PG-concentration and 3H-labelled proline or hydroxyproline. Following incubation (60 min) the protein bound radioactivity was determined and related either to the dry weight or to the protein content of each slice. The two methods used did not show any qualitative differences. The experiments showed that PG:s had a marked effect on protein synthesis in the cervical tissue. During the follicular phase incubation with both types of PG:s was followed by a decreased incorporation indicating decreased net synthesis of collagen while there was an increased incorporation and hence increased synthesis in the luteal phase. There was no significant influence on the distribution of the model amino acid 14C-AIB in the presence of PG:s neither in the follicular nor in the luteal phase. The present data point to an acute effect of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on cervical collagen metabolism and indicate furthermore that the process is steroid hormone dependent. It is concluded that these substances may exert their effect by modulating the incorporation of amino acids into protein.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Influence of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha on collagen synthesis in the human cervix during various phases of the menstrual cycle.

Uterine cervix tissue, obtained from nonpregnant fertile women undergoing hysterectomy, was mechanically chopped into 1 mm thick slices and incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (0.03-10 microgram/ml) and 3H-proline. After incubation of 30-120 min the incorporated radioactivity was determined and related to the protein content of each slice. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha had specific and significant effects on the incorporation of 3H-proline into cervical tissue. In the follicular phase of the cycle a decreased incorporation was registered, indicating a reduced net synthesis of protein. However, increased radiolabelling was observed in the luteal phase, reflecting an augmented protein synthesis. It is suggested that 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2), has the ability to influence cervical protein metabolism and that this effect is steroid hormone dependent.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1981

PGH2, TxA2 and PGI2 have potent and differentiated actions on human uterine contractility.

The contractile response to three different prostanoids of the isolated human myometrium and the different layers of the uterotubal junction (UTJ) was studied in vitro. The prostaglandin endoperoxide, PGH2, stimulated contractility of both the myometrium and the outer and inner muscle layers of the UTJ, whereas the intermediate layer of the UTJ was inhibited. Thromboxane A2 generated from PGH2 and a thromboxane synthase preparation caused a stimulation of both the myometrium and all three layers of the UTJ. The stimulatory response to TxA2 occurred at concentrations as low as 50-70 pg/ml. The sodium salt of PGi2 was found to relax both the myometrium and all the layers of the UTJ. Intravenous administration of PGI2 in repeated doses between 2-8 microgram induced facial flushing and headache but had little if any effect on in vivo uterine contractility. At least under in vitro conditions, these short-lived prostanoids and/or their metabolites apparently have a specific action on uterine contractility, an action which is manifested at comparatively low concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Adrenergic responses of the various smooth muscle layers at the human uterotubal junction.

The different muscle layers at the human uterotubal junction (UTJ) were mechanically separated, and 1-mm wide muscle strips were isolated and mounted in organ chambers for isometric recording of contractile activity. It was found that the adrenergic neurotransmitter noradrenalin elicited an inhibition of the spontaneous phasic activity in the inner longitudinal and the intermediate circular layers but caused a clear-cut excitatory response in the outer, spiral-shaped (uterine) layer. The excitatory response was totally blocked by treatment with phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, whereas the inhibitory effects were abolished after pretreatment with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. The data demonstrate a differentiated distribution of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in the smooth musculature at the proximal end of the tubal isthmus. It is suggested that this arrangement might serve an important purpose in the physiologic control of ovum transport in women.

Edetic Acid↗