Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to L Xu.
Morphological and histological characters of the rhizome and root of Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt, used as the origin of a traditional Chinese medicine, were described and illustrated with line drawing. These studies provide referential information for the identification and quality control.
BACKGROUND: A long-standing goal in genetic therapy for cancer is a systemic gene delivery system that selectively targets tumor cells, including metastases. Here we describe a novel cationic immunolipoplex system that shows high in vivo gene transfer efficiency and anti- tumor efficacy when used for systemic p53 gene therapy of cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cationic immunolipoplex incorporating a biosynthetically lipid-tagged, anti-transferrin receptor single-chain antibody (TfRscFv), was designed to target tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. A human breast cancer metastasis model was employed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of systemically administered, TfRscFv-immunolipoplex-mediated, p53 gene therapy in combination with docetaxel. RESULTS: The TfRscFv-targeting cationic immunolipoplex had a size of 60-100 nm, showed enhanced tumor cell binding, and improved targeted gene delivery and transfection efficiencies, both in vitro and in vivo. The p53 tumor suppressor gene was not only systemically delivered by the immunolipoplex to human tumor xenografts in nude mice but also functionally expressed. In the nude mouse breast cancer metastasis model, the combination of the p53 gene delivered by the systemic administration of the TfRscFv-immunolipoplex and docetaxel resulted in significantly improved efficacy with prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report using scFv-targeting immunolipoplexes for systemic gene therapy. The TfRscFv has a number of advantages over the transferrin (Tf) molecule itself: (1) scFv has a much smaller size than Tf producing a smaller immunolipoplex giving better penetration into solid tumors; (2) unlike Tf, the scFv is a recombinant protein, not a blood product; (3) large scale production and strict quality control of the recombinant scFv, as well as scFv-immunolipoplex, are feasible. The sensitization of tumors to chemotherapy by this tumor-targeted and efficient p53 gene delivery method could lower the effective dose of the drug, correspondingly lessening the severe side effects, while decreasing the possibility of recurrence. Moreover, this approach is applicable to both primary and recurrent tumors, and more significantly, metastatic disease. The TfRscFv-targeting of cationic immunolipoplexes is a promising method of tumor targeted gene delivery that can be used for systemic gene therapy of cancer with the potential to critically impact the clinical management of cancer.
This paper reported the determination of sarsasapogenin in 12 samples from 7 species and varieties of Asparagus genus whose commercial name is "Tian-Dong"(Radix Asparagi), Asparagus cochichinensis(Lour.) Merr, A. cochichinensis (lour.) Merr. var. gaudichaudianus (Kunth) X. D. Luo and G. J. Xu, A. taliensis Wang et Tang, A. munitus Wang et Tang, A. myriacanthus Wang et S. C. Chen, A. meioclados Levl and A. trichoclados (Wang et Tang) Wang et S. C. Chen by TLCS. The results showed that it was no pertinence between content of sarsaspogenin with the species, and the content of sarsasapogenin in the tuberous roots was inverse ratio with the commercial grande in same species.
OBJECTIVE: To report 6 cases of cytomeganlovirus (CMV) enteritis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT) recipients and the outcome after treatment. METHODS: The 6 patients suffered from leukemia and received allo-BMT or allo-PBSCT. RESULTS: Five of the 6 patients had acute GVHD II-III at 42, 26, 66, 45 and 57 days after transplantation respectively and they recovered after proper treatment. However they soon had severe diarrhea, abdominal pain or/and gastrointestinal bleeding, 5 of the 6 patients received endoscopic examination with biopsy at 50, 57, 80, 65, 35 days after transplantation respectively. They were all diagnosed as having CMV enteritis based on the presence of cytomegalic cells on mucosal biopsy specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Meanwhile the immunoperoxidase stain of histologic specimens for CMV antigen or in situ hybridization by CMV DNA probe was positive. One patient was diagnosed CMV enteritis at 138 days after transplantation based on the clinic and response to therapy. They received antiviral treatment with ganciclovir (DHPG) 500 mg/d for 4 to 21 days, foscarnet 2.4 g q8 h or 4.8 g q12 h for 21 to 90 days, garlic extract 60-120 mg/d, globulin and other supportive measures. All the 6 cases had complete clinical response. CONCLUSION: CMV enteritis should be diagnosed as soon as possible with histopathologic examination and early proper treatment may lead to good clinical response.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience in diagnosis and surgical treatment of peripheral intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (PICC). METHODS: Clinicopathological features, surgical treatment and prognosis of 20 patients with PICC treated in our hospital from 1970 to 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The patients lacked typical clinical manifestations and some had a history of hepatitis B (35%), cirrhosis (45%), and elevation of serum alpha-fetaprotein (AFP) (25%). The diagnostic rates of ultrasound examination (BUS), CT, MRI and emission computerized tomography (ECT) were 90% (18/20), 94% (17/18), 100% (3/3) and 100% (4/4), respectively. However, the liver lesions detected by these methods needed to be differentiated from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metastatic neoplasm and liver cyst, etc. In all the patients, the resection rate was 60% (12/20) and postoperative overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 55% (11/20), 35% (7/12) and 20% (4/20), respectively. The liver resection rates were 83% (11/12), 58% (7/12) and 33% (4/12), respectively. Of the 4 patients who had survived for more than 5 years, 3 had a small liver carcinoma with a diameter less than or equal to 3 cm and one had large nodular liver carcinoma with intact capsule. After operation, all the patients received selective hepatic artery perfusion chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: PICC patients lack specific serum tumor marker can achieve good survival after early detection and curative resection with adjuvant therapies.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between polymorphism of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin(AACT) and apolipoprotein E(ApoE) genes and the risk of Parkinson's disease(PD) in Shanghai Hans. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to study the distribution of AACT and ApoE gene polymorphism in 64 PD cases and 101 healthy elderly persons as controls. Association analysis was performed using odds ratio (OR) and chi 2 test. RESULTS: No difference in distribution of AACT A/T allele polymorphism was found between PD cases and healthy controls(chi 2 = 0.83 P = 0.363 > 0.05), but AACT-AA genotype was associated with PD(OR = 2.68, chi 2 = 4.31 P = 0.038 < 0.05). The ApoE gene polymorphism was not associated with PD(allele: chi 2 = 2.85 P = 0.241 > 0.05; genotype: chi 2 = 9.25 P = 0.099 > 0.05). The AACT-AT genotype frequency in PD patients was significantly lower than that in the controls without ApoE epsilon 4 allele(OR = 0.47, chi 2 = 4.10 P = 0.043 < 0.05). In AACT-AT genotype the ApoE epsilon 4 allele was associated with PD(OR = 3.26, chi 2 = 5.53 P = 0.019 < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The AACT-AA genotype and AACT-AT genotype with ApoE epsilon 4 might be susceptible factors for PD in Shanghai Hans.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of HLA-E alleles in Chinese Han in Shanghai area. METHODS: HLA-E alleles were assigned by using a PCR/SSO method in 201 random healthy individuals from Shanghai region. HLA-A,-B antigens typing was carried out with NIH standard microlymphocytoxicy method. RESULTS: Three alleles of HLA-E could be detected in this population. The E*0101 is the most common allele with a frequency of 42.29%, followed by E*01032 and E*01031 with 32.84% and 24.88% respectively. No E*0102 and E*0104 could be detected in all of the individuals. The analysis of linkage on two loci between HLA-E and HLA-A or -B showed that no significant difference could be found between expected frequencies and observed frequencies excepting B15/E*01032 and A2/E*01032. CONCLUSION: The allele frequencies of HLA-E are 42.29% for E*0101, 24.88% and 32.84% for E*01031 and E*01032 respectively in Shanghai Chinese. No extensive linkage disequilibrium was found between HLA-E and HLA-A or -B locus.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the association between gene polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) complicated with stroke. METHODS: Angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes and type 1 angiotensin II receptor(AT1R) genotypes were investigated with PCR and PCR/DdeI enzyme digesting techniques in 152 cases of DM2. RESULTS: No significant differences in genotype frequencies of AT1R gene were found between DM2 complicated with stroke and that without stroke (P> 0.05). The C allele frequency of AT1R gene in DM2 with stroke was higher than that in DM2 without stroke (6.8% vs 1.9% P< 0.05; OR=3.693, 95% CI: 0.977-13.704). The ACE DD genotype and D allele frequencies were higher in DM2 with stroke than in DM2 without stroke(51.4% vs 33.3%, P<0.05; 69.6% vs 54.5%, P<0.05). There was interaction between AT1R gene A1166C polymorphism and ACE gene I/D polymorphism in the development of stroke in DM2 patients (P<0.05; OR=4.00, 95% CI: 0.733-21.838). Logistic regression analysis showed that ACE DD genotype, systolic blood pressure and serum uric acid level were risk factors of DM2 complicated with stroke. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that ACE gene I/D polymorphism is a susceptible gene for stroke in DM2 patients in China. AT1R gene A1166C polymorphism contributes to the development of stroke in DM2 patients, but it is not an independent risk factor. There is synergistic effect of AT1R A1166C and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms on the occurrence and development of stroke in type 2 diabetics in China.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate BCL-6 gene mutations in Chinese populations with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and direct DNA sequencing were used to identify mutations in the 5' noncoding region of the BCL-6 gene in a total of 40 cases of diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). RESULTS: Nine cases were found to have base substitutions. The incidence of BCL-6 gene mutation and the frequency of single-base changes were approximately 25.7% and (0.56-1.10) x 10(-2)/bp, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 5' regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene undergoes frequent somatic hypermutation during lymphomagenesis and the identification of BCL-6 gene hypermutations provides a molecular marker for confirmatory diagnosis of B-NHL.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunogenicity of phage-displayed tumor antigen-mimic peptide, and to lay experimental foundation for the development of gastric cancer vaccine. METHODS: Based on previous studies, two phage-displayed peptide libraries were screened and 12 and 30 positive phage clones obtained from two libraries respectively. All the positive phages were purified and used them to immunize Balb/c mice. The immune serum was screened by immunohistochemical with tissue sections of human gastric cancer expressing MG7 antigen. The result was further confirmed by fluorescence labeling and ELISA. RESULTS: Through immunohistochemical screening of immune sera with tissue sections of human gastric cancer, one phage displayed mimic peptide was able to elicit production of antibody specific for human gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: The result demonstrates that it is possible to develop tumor vaccine based on antigen epitope mimic peptide with immunogenicity.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical importance of persistent elevation of electrocardiographic ST segment in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients receiving direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS: Thirty patients with a first AMI successfully treated with direct coronary angioplasty were selected. The extent of the ST segment elevation and resolution in electrocardiograms on admission and one hour after direct PTCA was analyzed. All the patients were divided into two groups according to the extent of ST segment elevation and resolution. Group A: resolution of ST segment elevation >or=50%, n = 19; Group B: resolution of ST segments elevation < 50%, n = 11. Low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiogram was taken at (7 +/- 2) days after AMI and echocardiogram checked at 1, 2 and 3 months after AMI. RESULTS: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in group A was higher than that in group B at the first week and the first, second and third month after AMI. Aortic blood peak acceleration, cardiac output and cardiac output index of group A were all significantly higher than those in group B at stress. Global wall motion score index (GWMSI) and infarct-zone wall motion score index (IWMSI) in group A were smaller than those in group B at baseline and stress. GWMSI in group A was smaller than that in group B at 1, 2 and 3 months after AMI. There was no significant difference of IWMSI between group A and group B at 1 and 2 months after AMI. IWMSI in group A was smaller than that in group B at the third month after AMI. CONCLUSIONS: The patients in group B had lower left ventricular contractile function and contractile reserve function and less recovery of infarct-zone wall motion than that in group A.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the autoantibodies against beta(1)-adrenergic and M(2)-muscarinic receptors are related to congestive heart failure (CHF) patients with different cardiac diseases. METHODS: Both synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acids sequence of the second extracellular loops of the beta(1) and M(2) receptors were used as the antigens to screen the serum from CHF patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICD, n = 42), idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM, n = 52) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD, n = 44). Meanwhile healthy donors were tested as normal controls (NC, n = 40). RESULTS: The positive rates of serum for beta(1)-adrenergic-receptor were 45.7% (86/188) and 10.4% (8/77) in CHF patients and controls respectively (P < 0.01); the positive rates of serum for M(2)-muscarinic receptor were 52.7% (99/188) and 11.7% (9/77) in CHF patients and controls (P < 0.01). The frequencies of the both receptor autoantibodies in patients with cardiac function of class II approximately III were significantly higher than those with cardiac function of class VI. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding indicates indicates that autoantibodies against beta(1)-adrenergic-receptor and M(2)-muscarinic receptor can be detected not only in the serum of CHF patients with IDCM, but also in CHF patients with ICM and HHD. It is suspected that autoantibodies against beta(1) and M(2) receptors may be related to the myocardial remodeling and/or CHF.
"Seventeen Methods" plays an important role in the field of processing medicinal herbs, and also makes a notable impact on modern ages. However, some problems among it are still existed. According to the origin of "17 Methods" and interrelating records, a simple description about its objections was given.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether prior interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) treatment affects the outcome of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. METHODS: The outcome of 85 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in first chronic phase received transplants from an HLA-identical sibling donor was analyzed. Of the 85 patients, 30 did not receive IFN-alpha, whereas 30, 15 and 10 patients received IFN-alpha 3 x 10(6) units 3-4 times per week for < 6, 6-12 and > 12 months before transplant combined with hydroxyurea and/or HA regimen (H: Harringtonine; A: Ara-C) respectively. RESULTS: Pretransplant IFN-alpha therapy for > or = 6 months was associated with an increased risk of severe (grade III-IV) acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (P < 0.01) as compared to that in < 6 months or no IFN-alpha therapy. No influence of pretransplant IFN-alpha treatment on engraft, cGVHD, VOD, relapse and TRM (transplant-related mortality) was found. Survival rate of IFN-alpha therapy < 6 months group (90.0%) was higher than that of no IFN-alpha group (68.9%) or > 12 months group(60.0%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It was found that there was a trend towards an improved survival in the IFN-alpha < 6 months group. Pretransplant IFN-alpha therapy for > or = 6 months was associated with an increased risk of severe aGVHD.
OBJECTIVE: To screen glaucoma effectively and rapidly and evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the method. METHODS: 734 subjects were screened in 4 weekend days. All subjects underwent intraocular pressure (IOP) examination with Tonopen, anterior chamber depth measurement with Van Herick method, fundus photography without pupil dilatation and supra-threshold perimetry with Frequency Doubling Perimeter (FDP), Octopus and Humphery automatic perimeter. The cases with positive results in the above examinations should undertake threshold perimetry and fundus stereo photography for the evaluation of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). RESULTS: Of the 734 subjects with complete data, there were 55 cases with open angle glaucoma (7.5%), 59 angle-closure glaucoma (8.4%) and 98 glaucoma suspects (13.4%). The IOP of 34 patients was > 21 mm Hg in all the glaucomatous patients (29.8%). The abnormal rates of optic nerve and visual field were 94.5% and 67.3% respectively in the patients with open-angle glaucoma. The abnormal rates of anterior chamber, visual field and optic nerve were 89.8%, 72.9% and 45.8% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The most efficient method for screening open-angle glaucoma is fundus stereo photography with evaluation by an expert. Anterior chamber evaluation is necessary in screening glaucoma. Supra-threshold perimetry has limited specificity, and FDP might be a promising method in screening glaucoma with relatively good specificity.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of the macromolecular components of extracellular matrix of lamina cribrosa (LC) in experimental glaucoma. METHODS: Immunoperoxidase (ABC) staining method was used to investigate the changes of collagen type IV and laminin in the lamina cribrosa of 9 monkey eyes with experimental glaucoma. RESULTS: At the late stage of glaucoma, the labeling of collagen type IV and laminin were increased at pre-LC and LC area due to the accumulation of basement membrane-like materials. CONCLUSION: The changes may be a selective response to elevated intraocular pressure. This response may alter the biochemical composition and the biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa.
OBJECTIVE: To report an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient with both chromosome t (8; 21) and t (15; 17). METHODS: Chromosome specimen was prepared by short-term culture of bone marrow cells, karyotype analyses by R-banding technique, and fusion genes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULT: Karyotype analyses showed the appearance of 45, X, -X, t (8; 21), t (15; 17), and RT-PCR assay revealed AML1/ETO and PML-RARalpha fusion gene transcripts. CONCLUSION: AML with both t (8; 21) and t (15; 17) might be recognized as a a novel subtype of acute leukemias.