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Biomedical subjects

M A Gonzalez

Publications and source records attributed to M A Gonzalez.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers.

The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of ciprofloxacin, a new quinoline carboxylic acid derivative, were evaluated in normal volunteers. The drug was administered orally every 12 h during successive 7-day periods at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg. Samples of serum, urine, and saliva obtained after the first dose on days 1, 4, and 7 of each dosing period were assayed by microbiological methods. Peak concentrations of ciprofloxacin in serum were achieved generally from 1 to 1.5 h after administration. Mean peak serum levels were 1.35 to 1.42 micrograms/ml after the 250-mg dose, 2.60 to 2.89 micrograms/ml after the 500-mg dose, and 3.41 to 4.21 micrograms/ml after the 750-mg dose. Terminal serum half-lives ranged from 3.8 to 4.3, 4.5 to 4.9, and 3.9 to 6.6 h after the 250-, 500-, and 750-mg doses, respectively. Mean concentrations of ciprofloxacin in urine samples collected 0 to 2 h after dosing were 205 to 261, 255 to 518, and 243 to 846 micrograms/ml after the 250-, 500-, and 750-mg doses, respectively. Between 30 and 45% of the dose was recovered in urine 0 to 12 h after drug administration. Mean concentrations of ciprofloxacin in saliva at 2 h after dosing were 0.43, 1.23, and 1.45 micrograms/ml after the 250-, 500-, and 750-mg doses, respectively. These levels were 30 to 45% of the peak levels in serum and between 40 and 65% of the levels in serum measured 2 h after dosing. Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of azlocillin and gentamicin in the treatment of serious infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A randomized controlled clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of azlocillin and gentamicin was conducted in 42 patients with serious infections, primarily of the skin or skin structure and lower respiratory tract. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from each of the 25 infection sites in the azlocillin group and 18 in the gentamicin group; most of the sites were also infected by other pathogens. After a mean of 13 days of treatment with azlocillin at 18 g/day, a good clinical response was attained in 96% of the cases, and nearly 90% of the causative organisms were eradicated. In the gentamicin group, administration of 180 mg/day for a mean of 11 days provided a good clinical response in 95% of the cases, and eradication of 92% of the causative pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Paired-ion high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for sulfinpyrazone in plasma.

A specific and sensitive liquid chromatographic method is reported for the assay of sulfinpyrazone in plasma utilizing ion pairing between the tetrabutylammonium cation and the sulfinpyrazone anion. The method is rapid in that conventional extraction procedures are avoided in favor of using disposable cartridges packed with an octade-cylsilane bonded phase as a means of separating the drug from plasma. The samples were chromatographed on a C18 reversed-phase column using a mobile phase consisting of 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate in methanol-water (56:44). The coefficient of variation obtained was 4.5% and the response was linear over a range of 0.2-80 micrograms/ml.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1982

Minilaparotomy tubal sterilization: a comparison between normal and high-risk patients.

Eight hundred cases of interval sterilization using suprapubic minilaparotomy were performed between August 1976 and November 1980. The high-risk population was defined as patients who had any preexisting medical condition, including obesity. No significant differences were found when the control patients were compared with the high-risk group in terms of operative and postoperative problems. All procedures were done under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. The follow-up rate at 1 week was 100%. As of August 1980, 480 of the 482 patients due for 1-year follow-up were seen; the remaining 2 were contacted by telephone. Neither serious complications nor readmission to the hospital was found. There were no patients rejected on medical grounds and no failures to achieve tubal occlusion. In 3 patients, because of findings during minilaparotomy, laparotomy was carried out under general anesthesia as a continuation of the original procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Predicting individual phenytoin serum levels of patients seen in a private office practice.

We evaluated the practicality of predicting phenytoin serum levels in an office practice. Once two phenytoin serum levels were obtained on two different dosage regimens, a table of future doses and predicted serum levels was calculated and plotted on a graph. Subsequent dosage adjustments resulted in serum levels that correlated well with predictions. In 7 of 10 patients, the predicted serum levels were within 2 micrograms per milliliter of the actual values. To improve compliance, the plot was used as a visual aid in patient education.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1980

Intravenous aminophylline in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pharmacokinetics and effect on pulmonary function.

Intravenous aminophylline was administered to ten patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to determine if the medication would improve pulmonary function and to study theophylline pharmacokinetics. Intravenous normal saline was given on another day as a control. Thoracic gas volume and airway resistance, measured in a volume displacement body plethysmograph, and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves were performed before and after each infusion. No significant improvement was noted in pulmonary function after normal saline infusion. Following aminophylline infusion. Following aminophylline infusion, significant improvement in thoracic gas volume, residual volume, specific airway conductance, and maximal expiratory flow at 60% of total lung capacity was noted. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a mean half-life of 4.7 hours, a total clearance of 91 mL/hr/kg, and a volume of distribution of 574 mL/kg. Intravenous aminophylline can acutely decrease airway obstruction in children with CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Not Available].

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Argentina↗
PubMed1978

[Not Available].

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Argentina↗
PubMed1978

Effect of phenobarbital on theophylline disposition.

The effect of chronic phenobarbital administration on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline was studied in 6 healthy, nonsmoking adults. Subject compliance was verified by the determination of plasma phenobarbital levels. Following four weeks of phenobarbital administration, all six subjects showed a resultant increase in serum clearance varying from 11% to 60% with a mean increase of 34% (from 3.01 to 4.04 L/hr/1.73 M2). Theophylline appears to be metabolized more rapidly during chronic phenobarbital administration. This effect, therefore, must be taken into account when administering barbiturates to asthmatic patients for whom theophylline therapy is prescribed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Nonliner tissue disposition: salicylic acid in rat brain.

A model was developed to detect nonlinear disposition of a drug in a tissue. The model was experimentally tested relating to salicylic acid disposition in the brain. Experimental data obtained in rats are reported for doses of 25 and 40 mg/kg ip. The parameters measured for each dose were the ratio of the area under the brain concentration-time curve to the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and the ratio of the maximum brain concentration of salicylic acid to the plasma concentration at that point in time. The ratios increased with dose; furthermore, ratios calculated using plasma concentrations corrected for plasma protein binding were dose dependent. Calculations performed on literature data for salicylic acid disposition in mouse brain corroborated the results of this sutdy. The existence of a saturable transport system for the elimination of salicylic acid from the brain is supported by the data presented. The rationale necessary to apply the model to any tissue is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term survival of free fat grafts in muscle: an experimental study in rats.

In this study, we showed both macroscopically and microscopically the viability of the autotransplanted fat placed intramuscularly in long-term follow-up. The study was performed on 120 Wistar rats during a 12-month period. The fat grafts were obtained from either the inguinal region or preurinary bladder cavity. Rats were divided into six groups. In group 1, the fat was injected in thin rolls in the frontal subcutaneous layer. In group 2, the fat was injected in thin rolls in the gluteus superficialis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and semitendinosus muscles. In group 3, 6 mm x 2 mm fat strips were placed subcutaneously in the frontal region. In group 4, the same dimension of fat strips were placed in the gluteus superficialis and biceps femoris muscles. In group 5, large cystic spaces of fat were injected subcutaneously in the frontal region, and in group 6, large cystic spaces of fat were injected intramuscularly. Rats at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after fat grafting were sacrificed in order to carry out the macroscopic observations. The results showed clinical and microscopic success in groups 2 and 4, and problems and failure with the remaining groups.

Adipocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lomefloxacin (SC-47111 or NY-198). Comparative antimicrobial activity against 2002 clinical isolates from hospitals in Mexico City.

A new difluorinated quinolone, lomefloxacin, was shown to have potent in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including multiresistant strains isolated from patients with severe infections in three hospitals in Mexico City. Whereas its activity was comparable to that of another fluoroquinolone (enoxacin), the pharmacokinetic advantages offered by lomefloxacin may be a significant benefit in clinical use.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multinational pharmacoeconomic evaluation of acute major depressive disorder (MDD): a comparison of cost-effectiveness between venlafaxine, SSRIs and TCAs.

METHODS: We conducted a multinational pharmacoeconomic evaluation comparing the immediate release form of a new class of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), venlafaxine IR to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the treatment of acute major depressive disorder (MDD) in 10 countries (Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, and Venezuela). We designed a decision analytic model assessing the acute phase of MDD treatment within a 6-month time horizon. Six decision tree models were customized with country-specific estimates from a clinical management analysis, meta-analytic rates from two published meta-analyses, and a resource valuation of treatment costs representing the inpatient and outpatient settings within each country. The meta-analyses provided the clinical rates of success defined as a 50% reduction in depression scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) or the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Treatment regimen costs were determined from standard lists, fee schedules, and communication with local health economists in each country. The meta-analytic rates were applied to the decision analytic model to calculate the expected cost and expected outcomes for each antidepressant comparator. Cost-effectiveness was determined using the expected values for both a successful outcome, and a composite measure of outcome termed symptom-free days. A policy analysis was conducted to examine the health system budget impact in each country of increasing the utilization of the most effective antidepressant found in our study. RESULTS: Initiating treatment of MDD with venlafaxine IR yielded a lower expected cost compared to the SSRIs and TCAs in all countries except Poland in the inpatient setting, and Italy and Poland within the outpatient settings. The weighted average expected cost per patient varied from US$632 (Poland) to US$5647 (US) in the six-month acute phase treatment of MDD. The estimated total budgetary impact for each 1% of venlafaxine utilization, assuming a population of one million MDD patients, ranged from US$1600 (Italy) to US$29,049 (US). CONCLUSIONS: Within the inpatient and outpatient treatment settings, venlafaxine IR was a more cost-effective treatment of MDD compared to the SSRIs and TCAs. Additionally, the results of this investigation indicate that increased utilization of venlafaxine in most settings across Europe and the Americas will have favorable impact on health care payer budgets. ADR, adverse drug reaction; CMA, clinical management analysis; ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Scale; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale; MDD, major depressive disorder; SFD, symptom-free day; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant; WHO, world health organization.

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation↗